Linako tsa boholo-holo e RUS, libaka setso, lethathamo tlhaloso

Linako tsa Russia ea boholo-holo, moo liemahale setso ke taba ea tlhahlobo ena - ke nako bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa historing ea naha eo, ha e ntse e ile ebe rala metheo ea statehood, ea sechaba, lipolotiki, moruo le tsa sechaba dibopeho, e neng e bonahala e ngotsweng, mehloli ea lintho tse epolotsoeng le meralo.

Kakaretso litšobotsi tsa mehla ea

Metheo e ya taolo ya mmuso ba bile teng ba mehleng ea Russia ea boholo-holo. The liemahale tsa epoch tsa setso tse thahasellisang ka hore li bonahatsa metheo likhopolo ea ba bacha setjhabeng Russia, o sa tsoa sokolohela Orthodox. A karolo ea kholo pōpong bona bapetse likhosana tsa boithaopo, tseo hangata li tlatsetsa ho moaho lejoe, ngola ka matsatsi, kaho ea meaho ea lehae le tshireletso-morero. Ka mor'a moo, e ka etsa boikhathatso ba ho fetile le baahi, haholo-holo ho baahi ba metseng ea litoropo, bao e leng hangata likereke tsa bona litšenyehelo ipatlele emisoa, litempele. Le ea bohlokoa haholo ka mokhoa ona o ne e bapaloang ke ea Segerike tšusumetso e setso. benghali ba Byzantium ba fetohile lihahi tsa liemahale tse ngata, empa hape le koetlisitsoeng a mangata Russia, eo amohela melao le meetlo ea bona, haufinyane o ile a qala ho bōpa dibopeho tsa bona ikhethang.

litempele mofuta

Ea boholo-holo Times RUS liemahale setso tse haholo-holo ka emeloa ke ho hahoa kereke, ka tloaelo a amohela letsatsi Mongolian nako ho tloha 9 ho lekholong la lilemo la bo13 la lilemo pele ho nako, empa ho feta ho emela ho tshwanetseng ho khopolo e fanoeng 'me lilemo tse makholo hamorao. mehaho Russia o ile a amohela ea ka neano ea Byzantium, kahoo ea Russia mehaho kereke, ka molao-motheo, a pheta makgetheng bona. Leha ho le joalo, naheng ea heso haholo kabo e amohetse ho hahoa likereke tse tšoeu lejoe le likhutlo li 'nè le seka-chitja Dome ile oa nkeloa sebaka ke shlemoobrazny. Benghali ba atisa ho bopa litsoantsong tsa mosaic le frescoes. litempele haholo-holo chetyrehstolpnyh, ka seoelo a kopana le litšiea tse tšeletseng 'me ka lilemo tse robeli ne ho tloaelehile hore. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, ba ne ba naves tse tharo.

Kereke Pele

Linako tsa Russia boholo-holo, liemahale setso tse inextricably amahanngoa le kolobetso e etsoang ka le ho nkeloa ka lapeng la Bokreste Orthodox, ea e-ba heyday tsa kaho Lejoe tempele. Lenane la mehaho ena lokela ho etsoa ka ho fetisisa ea motheo, kaho ea e leng e se e le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa historing, 'me e ne e le qalo ea kaho ka ho eketsehileng. E mong oa ba pele kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa litempele ea e-ba kereke ea khopolo ea hlohonolofatsoa Moroetsana Maria, tseo le tsona li ile a fumana e ratoang e tsejoang e le karolo ea leshome e le Prince ho toba abelwa mong ea leshome ea moputso oa bona bakeng sa eona. Ho ile ha hahoa tlas'a Vladimir Svyatoslavich mohalaleli ba kolobetsoa naha Serussia.

Features

Archaeologists fumana ho le thata ho tsosolosa ponahalo ea lona ea pele, leha ho le joalo a sireletsa ba bang ba ya data, tse kang setempe Segerike ka litene, mokhabiso mabole, e mokatong oa Moshe, a bolela hore mosebetsi oa kaho o ne o atlehe benghali Segerike. Ka nako e tšoanang a sireletsa mengolo ka Cyrillic le lithaele ceramic lumella ho bua ka ho kenya letsoho kahong ea Slavs. kereke e hahiloeng holim'a ka mohaho sefapano domed ka tsa setso Byzantium libukeng.

Litempele tsa lekholong la bo11 la lilemo

Linako tsa Russia ea boholo-holo, moo liemahale setso bontša ho ata ka potlako 'me ho nkeloa ka lapeng ea Orthodox ka ho naha ya rona, e ne e le nako ea ho haha motho ea mafolofolo ea likereke, tse fapaneng ka boholo, sebopeho le sebopeho. Bobeli bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tempeleng lethathamo lena - ho St. Sophia Cathedral ka Kiev. Ho ile ha hahoa nakong ea puso Yaroslava Mudrogo, 'me o ne a lokela ho ba le setsi se seholo ba bolumeli ba matla le lecha. Tšobotsi lona khethehileng ke ho ba teng ha lik'hoaere kgolo. O na le leshome le metso e meraro domes le lifensetere. Bohareng e ka sehloohong mona ka tlase - ba ba bane nyenyane, 'me joale ho na le e' ngoe robeli domes nyenyane. Kerekeng e khōlō o na le litora stair tse peli, ba babeli-le litekanyetso le ba se nang balekane-le litekanyetso la gallery. Ka hare ba litsoantsong tsa mosaic le frescoes.

Cross-domed likereke tsa boholo-holo RUS ile ea e-atile naheng ya rona. mohaho ona o 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e ne e le Kereke ea khopolo ea Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ho ne naves tse tharo, e le e khōlō ka hare le Dome. O ne a akhotsoang ho fihlela nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World 'me hamorao ea tsosolosoa ka Seukraine lineano Baroque.

mehaho Novgorod

Liemahale setso Russia ho fapane ka mokhoa le sebopeho. litempele Novgorod le likereke na makgetheng bona ikhethang hore ho dumella ho totobatsa sena e le neano ea khethehileng historing ea mehaho ea malapeng. Ka thoko, ka lethathamo la meaho ea boholo-holo e lokela ho abelwa Sophia Cathedral, e nako e telele o ile a lula ka sehloohong setsi sa bolumeli ba naha. O na le domes tse hlano, stair tora. Domes li bōpehileng joaloka lihelmete. mabota a haha tsa lejoe la mokoetla, hare-hare e tšoanang le ea kereke Kiev, arches ba atoloswa, empa likarolong tse ling ba undergone le simplification hanyenyane seo e ne e le ho ba tšobotsi e khethollang ea mehaho motse.

Wizate qalong o ile a etsisa disampole Kiev, empa hamorao Novgorod mehaho amohetse sebopeho ka eona qalong e loketseng ho likarolo ikhetha, 'me habonolo amogelwang. litempele tsa bona e le mokhutšoanyane ka seemo, stocky le boiketlo ba moralo. E 'ngoe ea likereke tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ka mokhoa ona - ho fetoha sebōpeho kereke Nereditsa. Ho haholo bonolo, empa o na le ponahalo e hlomphehang haholo. Ho na le boholo ba tse nyenyane, ho na le ha ho mokhabiso ka ntle, mohala haholo bonolo. makgetheng tsena ke bath ea Novgorod litempele, ponahalo ea eo esita le bontšang ba bang disproportion e etsang hore ba e ikhethang.

Meaho metseng e meng

Liemahale ka Nizhny Novgorod boetse ho na le ka lethathamo la meaho le tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo. E 'ngoe ea likereke tse nehetsoeng ho o halalelang moprofeta Elia. Ho ile ha hahoa lekholong la bo16 la lilemo ho ikhopotsa motseng ho felisa tsa tlhaselo ea Tatars le Nogai. Qalong ho ne ho le lehong, empa hamorao, lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo-bo17 la lilemo, e ile ea tsosolosoa ka lejoe. Ka la bo19 la lilemo kereke lekholong la lilemo la ba Dome mong e ile ea tsosolosoa ho tse hlano-domed, e leng se ileng lebitso la oona ho seterateng motseng oo.

Liemahale ka Nizhny Novgorod lula sebakeng se hlaheletseng historing ea mehaho ea malapeng. E mong oa tummeng ka ho fetisisa - e Mikaele Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong Cathedral, e hahiloeng lekholong la bo13 la lilemo. E ne e le tšoeu-Lejoe kereke le litšiea 4 le 3 apses.

Ho joalo, motse oa linaheng tse ling le fiefdoms boetse ba litsi mafolofolo tsa kaho meralo. lineano tsa bona di khetholloa ka makgetha a ho 'ona sa pele le o ikhethang. Kereke ea St. Nicholas Nadeina Yaroslavl - e ikhethang kereke ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo. Ho ile ha etsoa mabōpong ea Volga River le e ne e le lekhetlo la pele Lejoe kereke ka motse-toropo oa motse.

Qadile ke mohoebi Nadia Sveteshnikov, ka mor'a moo bahoebi ba tse ngata 'me mesebetsi ea matsoho ka boela ka qala ho haha kereke. Motheong oa kereke o ile a tsosoa ka sebakeng se phahameng, ka holimo a ne domes hlano ka mosesaane melala moqomo. Kereke ea St. Nicholas Nadeina na le iconostasis ikhethang. E entsoe ka mokhoa Baroque le ile ba nkeloa sebaka ka ho lekholo la bo18 la lilemo ho fetela ho ea boholo-holo.

boleng

Kahoo, mehaho ea boholo-holo e ikhetha ka litšobotsi tse lona, setaele le ka hare. Ka hona, ho ae phethang sebaka ba hlaheletseng eseng feela ka setso ea sechaba, empa hape le bonono lefatše ka kakaretso. Ka hona, ka nako e le teng ho ke ke haholo-holo bohlokoa polokesegong bohlokoa. Ba bangata ba bona li ile tsa pholoha, ba bang ba ile ba timetsoa nakong ea ntoa, e le hore archaeologists morao-rao le restorers hokela le habohlokoa haholo ho tsosolosa bona le nchafatsa.