Lenane la dibaka tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North la Russia

Hole North libakeng tse libakeng tse ka ho khetheha thata boemo ba leholimo bakeng sa ba phelang le ho sebetsa.

Libakeng tse amanang le ho High North: sebaka

Buka e ikhethang Hōle North - e mong oa libakeng tse 'maloa tsa lefatše, moo libakeng tse sabaletseng ntse a lula "a hlaha" naha le mefuta-futa ena ea bona e khōlō ea latitudes leboea. Ka lebaka leo, e mong oa lintho tse tlang pele ya leano Russia tikoloho e sa ho boloka ya e sa tloaelehang virginal mofuta wa Arctic le North.

The peculiarity ya libaka tsena ke hore batho ba hlokang tlhokomelo ea motheo le mosebetsi ke khama ena. Bophelo ba se na tsona ho sa utloahaleng ka ho tundra ena. baahi ba moo ba kopanela ho tsoma, likhama alosa, ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Libakeng ho fetisisa ka leboea oa Russia

Ho latela molao Russia libakeng hlalosoa le maemo a thata a klimate.

Lethathamo la libaka tsa bo Hōle North:

- Islands le leoatle ka Ocean Arctic.

- Islands Okhotsk le Bering Maoatle.

- Arkhangelsk Region (Solovetsky Islands, e Nenets District, Severodvinsk, Mezen, Pinega, Leshukonsky libakeng tse).

- Irkutskaia sebakeng (Katangsky RN).

- Kamchatka sebakeng.

- Karelia (Kostomuksha, Kalevala, Kem, Belomorsk, Louhi sebakeng).

- Komi (Vorkuta, Inta, Usinsk, Ust-Tsilma, Pechora le Izhma libakeng tse).

- Krasnoyarsk (Igarka, Norilsk, Dudinka, Evenki, North-Yenisei, Taimyr, Turukhansk, Dolgan-Nenets libaka).

- Magadan Region.

- Murmansk Region.

- Sakhalin sebakeng (Oha, Kuril, Nogliki, Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Okha, Severo-Kurilsk libaka).

- Tuva (Todzha, Mongun-Taiga literekeng Shynaanskaya tsamaiso).

- Tyumen sebakeng (Berezovsky, Beloyarsky setereke, Yamalo-Nenets ikemetseng ka Setereke).

- Khabarovsk Territory (the Okhotsk le Ayano-Maisky libakeng tse).

- Chukotka setereke.

- Sakha (Yakutia).

Enumeration Hōle North etsa e thehiloeng ho ba teng ka ho bona maemo a thata a klimate a phelang le mosebetsi. Baahi le basebetsi ba libaka tsena li fana ka melemo e itseng ho buseletsa bakeng sa kotsi ea boitšoaro le ea 'mele.

Libakeng tse ka thōko, haufi le Phahameng North ka boemo ba leholimo

Lenane la dibaka tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North:

- Altai (Ulagansky, Kosh-Agach).

- Amur Oblast (Zeya, Tynda, Zeya, Tyndinsky, Selemdzhinsky District).

- Buryatia (Bauntovsky, Barguzin, Evenki, North Baikal, Kurumkansky, Okinsky, Muya libakeng tse).

- Arkhangelsk sebakeng (Kotlas, Arkhangelsk, Koryazhma, Novodvinsk, khotso, Onega, Belsky, Verkhnetoemsky, Konosha, Kotlas, Vilegodsky, Vynohradiv, Krasnoborsky, Kargopol, Lensky, Nyandoma, Plesetsk, Onega, mathokong a, Shenkursky, Ustyansky, Holmogorski dagelever-re ).

- Irkutsk sebakeng (Ust-Kut, Bratsk, Ust-Ilim Nizhneilimsk, Bodaibo, Kirensk, Kazachinsko-Lensky, Bodaybinsky, Ust-Kut, le 'Mè-Chui, Bratsk, libakeng tse Ust-Ilim).

- Transbaikalia (Kalarsky, Tungokochensky, Tungiro-Olekminsky libakeng tse).

- Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Sortavala, ho Kondopoga, Segezha, Olonets, Pitkäranta, Lahdenpohsky, Medvezhiegorsk, Pryazha, Muezersky, Prionezhsky, Pudozhsky, Suojärvi libakeng tse).

- Krasnoyarsk (Yeniseysk, Lesosibirsk, Motyginsk, Boguchansky, Yenisei, Kezhemsky libakeng tse).

- Komi (Syktyvkar, Pechora, Ukhta, Vuktylsky, Knyazhpogostsky Koygorodsky, Sosnogorsk, Ust-Kulom, Syktyvdinskiy, Ust-Vym, Kortkeros, Boraro-bo--Pechora, Priluzskiy, Sysolskiy, Udorsky libakeng Ust-Ski.).

- Perm (Gaynsky, Kochevsky, Kosinski libakeng tse, Komi-Perm setereke).

- Primorskiy Kray (. Kavalerovskii, Dalnegorsk, Terneisky, Olginsky libakeng Boguslavets motse, East, Aneurolepidium, Roshchino, Izmayliha, taiga, e Hōle Kut, sila, Youth).

- Tomsk sebakeng (Kolpashevo, Strezhevoi, Parabelskiy, Alexander, Bakcharsky, Kargasoksky, VERKhNEKETSKIJj, Kolpashevsky, Krivosheinsky, Molchanovsky, Teguldetsky, literekeng Chainsky).

- Sakhalin sebakeng (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Uglegorsk, Kholmsk, Aleksandrovsk, Anivsky, Poronaisk, Nevel, Smirnykh, Dolinsky, Makarov, Korsakov, Tomari, Tymovsky libakeng tse, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk District).

- Tyumen sebakeng (Yugra, Uvat setereke).

- Tyva (Kyzyl, Bai-Taiga, Ovyurskogo, Chedi-Khol, Barun-Khemchiksky, Pius-Khemsky, Erzinsky, Dzun-Khemchiksky, Kyzyl, Qaa-Khemsky, Tandy, Ulugh Khemsky, Sut-Khol, Chaa-Khol, Tes literekeng -Hemsky).

- Khabarovsk Territory (Amursk Sovetskaya Gavan, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur, motse Elban, motseng oa Akane, a nyolohela, Dzhuen, Ommi; Ulcha oela-Vanino, Komsomolsk, Sunny, Sovetskaya Gavan, Tuguro-. Chumikansky, Nicholas, Verkhnebureinsky ba. Polina Osipenko libakeng tse).

Lenane la dibaka tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North, ke le leholo le koahela sebaka fetisisa ea karolo e ka leboea le e ka bochabela ea Russia.

Sebetsa ka Hōle North

Hole North libaka tsa Russia khetholloa ka mofuta itseng oa mosebetsi.

Batho ba bangata ba libaka tse hōle ka leboea oa Russia, haholo-holo libakeng tse ka leboea le hōle, ke a ruile haholo ka mehlodi ya tse sa tšoaneng tsa tlhaho. Hona ho sebetsa haholo-holo ho khauta, mashala, oli, khase ea tlhaho, peat, thini, oli shale le taemane. The voluminous fetisisa di oli 'me a tloaelana le khase tse qotsitsoeng.

Mosebetsi oa ka Leboea e tsa mpefala ka maemo haholo ha boemo ba leholimo. Mosebetsi o boima ke ho fetisisa fapa-fapaneng ho cheka, boenjiniere le, tjheseletsa, kaho, tlhomamiso, piping, ho sebetsa ka thepa le tse ling tse joalo.

Molao oa Hōle North, tiisetso ya ho tswa mmuso, melemo

Tsohle tse phelang le ho sebetsa batho ba libakeng tse ka tlisa melemo e itseng ha boemo ba leholimo sa thabiseng ba fa e thehiloeng Molaong Federal № 122 (ho tloha ka 24.08.2004 ne).

libaka Russia ba leboha Hōle North molao ona feela monyetla oa ho koala sekheo bakeng sa mosebetsi o boima oa ba sebetsang ka maemo a thata a leholimo le ho khothatsa mosebetsi oa bona.

joalo tsamaiso melemo kenyeletsa:

• Melemo e sebetsa ho tsohle, ntle ho mokgelo, ho sebetsa ka Hōle North le libakeng tse lekanang;
• melemo e feela basebetsi itseng.

Benefits amanang le sehlopha sa pele ke tsena: e kabelo khoeli ho lefa, itsamaele eketsehileng, melemo ka beha boemo khale-lilemo pencheneng, libonase tsa bokooa melemo e ba nakoana bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya ho reka lehae.

FZ tsa 19.02.1993 N 4520-1 "Ka tiisa boemo le puseletso ..." e sebetsa ho batho bohle hiriloe kapa ho intša hiriloe nakoana kapa ka ho sa feleng ka mekhatlo e teng ka Hōle North, hammoho le batho ba neng ba lula libakeng tsena (lethathamo hole North boletsoeng ka holimo).

melemo e eketsehileng

Melemo, ho phaella emela dihlopha feela tse itseng tsa batho ba Hōle North: busediwa ya ditshenyehelo ha u tsamaisa ho sebaka sa bolulo o ka mor'a hore cessation ea mosebetsi, le hlama chelete ha o etsa tumellano le hlahlamang bakeng sa mosebetsi o boima o motjha telele, behella matlo pele e neng e accrual mohau nako ka ho kgethwa ha pencheneng, tsoela molemo litho tsohle tsa lelapa le nl. et al a.

Hole North le libakeng tse lekanang le a ho hole North, ke motle ho sebetsa ka tsela ea hore ho na le e fane ka letsatsi la phomolo tse eketsehileng bakeng sa matsatsi a 24 ka matsatsi a leboea le hōle le 16 - ka libakeng tse lekanang le a ho ho, ka tse ling tse Nordic libakeng - matsatsi a 8.

Ho na le ke le monyetla ho kopana phomolong, empa e se ho feta 2. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore e mong le nako lilemo tse 2 ya nako tseleng ho sebaka sa ho phomola le ho khutla ka nako ea matsatsi a phomolo e sa akarelletsoa nako ya itsamaele ea selemo le selemo le lefa tsoella kgwebo ka boeona.

Lichaba tsa bo Hōle North

Rich ka leboea Russia, e seng feela le lirafshoa, empa hape lichaba ka lineano tsa bona tse ikhethang, tsela ea bophelo.

Hole North le libakeng tse lekanang le a ho hole North, leo ho ahiloeng ho ke batho ba lichaba tse fapaneng.

matsoalloa ba libaka tse e ka leboea ea Russia ke lichaba tsa North, Siberia le Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela: ngata Buryats, Yakuts, Karelia, Tuva, Komi. Ho na le numerically lichaba tse nyenyane, ba bala ba ka bang likete tse 50. Man. Lenane la dibaka tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North, haholo. E koahela metse likarolo tse ngata tsa Russia North. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho baahi ba matsoalloa a moo, batho ba lichaba tse fapaneng phela le ho sebetsa mona.

Baahi matsoalloa

Sa feleng expanses tsa tundra lieu ke lichaba nako e telele le e matla ya North. E nako e telele bile e phelang 'me sebetsa mona, ba kopanela ho tsoma le ho tšoasa litlhapi Chukchi, Eskimos, Koryak, Aleuts, Nenets, Evenk, Sami Nganasan le ba bang. Ka palo yohle ho ne ho se na batho ba fetang 300 tse sekete.

Ka hloahloeng ea Alaska hammoho le Yukon River leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Eskimos. Nakong e fetileng, ba ne ba phetse ka latitudes futhumala ka boroa, empa ba ne ba butle-butle nkela ka meloko ea Indian ho bohale haholo ea Lefatše.

Ka tundra Russia phela ka Nenets, Chukchi, Lapps, Eskimos, Nanai, Koryak, Evenki le lichaba tse ling tse nyenyane, ho leka ho boloka mesebetsi ea matsoho 'ona tsa moetlo le temo. Boholo ba bona ba phela metebong kapa seka-metebong phela ka eona.

baahi ba ka ho khetheha ea moo

The Chukchi ke Mongolian peiso (Arctic mefuta). puo letsoalloa la Chukchi. Butle-butle a lahlehile 'me ea nkeloa sebaka ke Serussia. Phihlelo ea baholo-holo ba bona a ruta batho bana ho etsa lintho tse phutholohile bakeng sa bophelo - yaranga (liaparo, a loketse bakeng sa robetse lehloeng) le torbasa lirifi (leseli le mofuthu haholo ho tloha kamus). Tseo baholo-holo ba a ruta Chukchi sa hlatsoa. Bakeng sa eng? Libakeng tsena e ngata mahlaseli mahlaseli, le mokato tsa mafura ka letlalo thusa sireletsa sefahleho tloha chesa kotsi, kahoo ba ile ba ba ka seoelo a hlatsuoe. Bophelo ba batho bana ba e na le likhama. Ba bona lijo, ntlo, liaparo, le mokhoa oa lipalangoang.

The matlo ea setso bakeng sa baahi ba matsoalloa a moo ba libaka tse e ka leboea ea Russia ke lefu la seoa, e hahiloeng ya deerskin. Ho na le Eskimos le bolulo ho tloha lehloa - the nale.

Ho etsa bonnete ba northerners penshene

Baahi ba Hōle North (lekanang ho bona), ho sa tsotellehe hore na ba lula hokae, ba na le tokelo ya ho:

• The tlohela mosebetsi e le ea botsofali;

• ho eketseha ha boholo ba pencheneng khale-lilemo, mophonyohi e le bokooa.

Ka ho khethoa ha ba pele ba penshene ya di tlamehile ho banna ba dilemo tse 55 le basali lilemo tse 50, ha feela hore ba ne ba sebetsa lilemo tse 15 ka Hōle North, kapa bonyane lilemo tse 20 libakeng tse lekanang (ka holimo lethathamong khomaretse ea libakeng tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North).

Le bona ba na le tokelo ea ho penshene pele, 'me basali le lilemo li 50, o ile a beleha nako ena bana ba babeli kapa ho feta, tlas'a maemo a itseng, ho ea ka seniority.

Matlo, tloswa

Falla ho tloha Hōle North e etsoa tlasa Program ya go tlamelwa ka madi ho reka matlo a ke baahi, ho tloha tsamaea libakeng tsena. E laoloa ke melao e reng:

• Molao Federal tsa 25.10.2002, № 125;

• Molao Federal tsa 17.07.2011, № 212.

Ba fana ka bakeng sa phumaneho ya go tlamelwa ka madi le taelo ea boholo ba tsona ka theko ya basebetsi bolulo tsa bo Hōle North.

Tloswa ea Hōle North atlehe hlophisehileng ho latela boemo ba lenaneo.

Lethathamo ka holimo ea libakeng tse lekanang le a ho bo Hōle North, Russia bontša monyetla o moholo ho sebelisa ka staging fatše bakeng sa liteko tse fapa-fapaneng. Bakeng sa inaccessibility ea metshetshe tsena li patiloe ka 'nang a maholo ka lebaka la ho sebakeng se seholo sa naha le leruo.