Khahla ea phula (Red Book). Khahla ea phula - Photo

A e khōlō tse fapa-fapaneng ea limela ba atisa ho etsa hore maikutlo a bohata tsa limela keng tsa fela lefatšeng. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho joalo. The selotlolo faceted le akaretsang mesebetsi batho ka liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng ho fetisisa ka ho toba ba le tšusumetso e mpe ho dimela biomass ea lefatšeng. Ke ka lebaka leo dimela lokela ho ho sireletswa ke libōpuoa fetisisa bohlale - batho.

The Red Book la Russia

The Red Book la Russia e ile ea hatisoa ka 1988 'me ho tloha ka nako eo maqephe a eona li kamehla replenished le mabitso o mocha oa mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo. Ho bohloko haholo, empa, ka bomalimabe, ke keng ea qojoa. Ha o fana ka tlhaloso e tobileng, e utloisisoa ke Red buka hatisitsoeng sengoliloeng se e le buka e 'ngoe, maqephe a tse thathamisitsoeng limela tsohle le liphoofolo tse ka tlas'a tšireletso ea boemo e le kotsing ea ho fela (kotsing), a fumanoa seoelo kapa se foqohe (foqohe).

Ho na le ka litekanyetso tse itseng eo le semela mefuta e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book.

1. Kena bukeng ho ba feela ka seoelo, tse nyenyane dimela (tloaelehile haholo kapa mefuta uzkoendemichnye) ho pholletsa le Russia.
2. Hape kena mefuta eohle ea lijalo le habohlokoa hore haufinyane 'na a oa tlas'a tšokelo ea ho fela ha batho ba ea lefeela.
3. buka ena e tlalehiloeng subspecies ka hloko ka thoko 'me mefuta ea limela (khahla ea phula ka criterion ena ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book).
4. dimela e kena ka maqephe a eona feela ka mor'a ho ithuta ka hloko le ka makhetlo-khetlo netefaletsokaelo mekhoa katisediwa le hlophisitsoeng.

Kahoo, Russia Red Book ea dimela (hammoho le liphoofolo tse) - tokomane sehlooho tseo nang pale ena, ho fana ka mefuta e mengata ea hlokomela le ho ba sireletsa ka molao.

Dimela tse thathamisitsoeng ka le kotsing

Ho fihlela joale, le Lefubelu Book e beha fetang 550 ya dimela tsa litlelase fapaneng, malapa a le mefuta e. Ka kakaretso ya data tse latelang:

• gymnosperms - 11 mefuta;
• limela tse thunyang (angiosperms) - bana di le 440 mefuta e (ho akarelletsa le dimela ho tswa Red Book ea khahla ea phula);
• spore dimela e phahameng - 36 mefuta;
• spore boriba ka tlaase - 29 mefuta;
• baemeli ba 'muso oa li-mushroom - 17 mefuta e.

Ya e le hantle, lipalo le a tšosang le a sa thabiseng. Haeba e tsoela pele ka joaloka ena, polanete ea rōna e waxen biomass mafutsana. polanete ea hore, le hoja e le ho bua ka Russia. Shebile 'mapa oa lefatše, ho ke ke ho le bonolo ho etsa bonnete ba hore Federation Russia ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo le yona.

Har'a tse ntle le ba tummeng lipalesa tsohle tseo u li ratang, tseo qape lipina le litšōmo, e fana ka lechatong monyali le khahloa, ke molemo ka ho fetisisa a tsejoang e ke:

• Violet incised;
• mosehla metsi khahla;
• Lilium Martagon;
• tšepe dolomite;
• mosehla iris e;
• o motle-leaved peony ;
• dimela ho tswa Red Book khahla Keyske.

More setopong ka khahla ea phula, hobane ba potolohileng tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea ho tsamaea e ngata khang ka bomaleba tsa tekanyo.

Mabaka a khahla kamoreng ka Red Book

The ho itšehla thajana ea mefuta e sa le ho nyamela ha tšokelo e ne e le ka mabaka a ka sehloohong la maqephe a buka e hlaha khahla ea phula eo. The Red Book la sireletsoa ena dimela bonolo le e ntle ho batho ba mpa feela ba batla ho nka u inkele sehlopha sa lipalesa ratehang selemo. Leha ho le joalo, ha e thusa.

Ho ea ka khahla morao-rao ea phula e 'nile ea thoko ho tswa lenaneng, e leng ke Red Book ea Russia. Dimela (likhahla) ho nkoa batho ba se tsosolositsoeng matla a bona bakeng sa nako eo o ile a qeta tlas'a tšireletso le joalo ha e sa ba kotsing ea ho fela. Feela libakeng tse ling e itseng ea naha, e ntse e le tlas'a tšireletso ea naha.

Mohlomong ke joalo. Empa ho sheba le boima ba tiea sa lipalesa tšesaane le tsena e monko o monate le e ntle lipalesa e nyenyane eo ba ka mabifi qhaqhiloe le rekiswang mangata, e mong le e nako lipalesa ke ho le thata ho lumela hore ena ke e le mokhelo ho tswa lenaneng ho sa feleng. Ho ka 'na ha ba na ho etsa joalo? Batho ba fumana ho le thata ho hlalosa ka moo senyeha habonolo le ba tlokotsing le dimela khahla ea phula eo. The Red Book e bile molomong oa mong le e mong o, e mong le sekolo o ne a tseba hore u ke ke ua tabola likhahla tsa phula, hobane di kenyelleditswe ka eona. Le hona joale? Hona joale, ba le bolokolohi ba ho fihlella, e leng se molemo bakeng sa bonnete ba hore ba tla ha ho joalo.

Khahla ea Valley: phetoho

Ho na le feela ha e fihla le ea mabitso tsena tse nyenyane lipalesa tšoeu monko o monate! Har'a bona ke tse kang:

• Keyske khahla ea phula;
• khahla ea phula;
• mocha;
• hempe;
• le bakoa;
• ba batsho cohosh;
• leihlo joang bo;
• litsebe tsa rabbit;
• Letsatsi la May khahla;
• Mytnaya joang bo;
• backache;
• Mary litloloko le ba bang ba batho ba bang.

Le ponahalo e tšoana le lipalesa khahla nyenyane, bokella ka inflorescence litloloko ka tšoeu. Semela ka boeona e na le tse peli tse lanceolate makhasi kgolo hlahella ho tloha rhizomes le ka tlas'a lefatše. Pakeng tsa maqephe ho hula motsu, e bokella lipalesa. Semela ke perennial, ho fihla ba bolelele ba 30-35 cm,. Lithunthung nakong ea selemo, kahoo ba bangata ba lipina le ballads, lithothokiso likhahla li amahanngoa le selemo, le ho tsosolosoa ha tlhaho.

Sebaka oa ho aba

Bakeng sa khōlo ea khahla ea phula maemo a latelang le a klimate a hlokahalang:

• se le eena o chabile sebaka (ka morung, moo ho nang le ntshofala ea lifate tsa);
• tekano le mongobo mobu;
• tlaase lekaneng bakeng sa lipalesa mefuta e mocheso.

khahla lipalesa nako oela qetellong ea April le May, ha moea e e-s'o thabisa ho fihlela ho thempereichara e bohareng ba bo-lehlabula. Ka hona, ho ka hang bitsoa thermophilic lipalesa. The karo-karolelano ea mongobo hase tšoenyeha haholo, hammoho le letsatsi. Undemanding le ho mamela perennial - khahla ea phula eo. The Red Book e na le thepa ea ka sebaka se ka sehloohong ea ho hōla. Ba ke tse latelang:

1. Caucasus.
2. Amerika Leboea.
3. Crimea.
4. Karolo e Europe la Russia.
5. Russia Bochabela bo Hōle.
6. Karolong e ka bochabela ea Siberia.
7. West Siberia.
8. Meru le moru-steppe ea Europe.

Khahla ea Valley e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela ka mabaka a se ho tsebahala hore rona. Ho na le u ka fumana tlhaloso ya maemo a eo ho eona ho e ntse e hōla semela. Sena ke haholo-holo moru metshetshe, mabōpong a linōka, meru le glades, lihlahla, lipalesa ka linako tse ling lithoteng moroallo kopana.

hlahang ho yona

entseng moo khahla? Red buka ntlheng ena o ile a re bobeli ea setso le mekhabiso dimela e tsejoe ke batho bohle ho tloha 1525. Leha ho le joalo, litšōmo le lipale tse iqapetsoeng ka khahla ea phula ena le tse ling tse ngata le metso ea boholo-holo.

lipalesa ena ke ea lelapa khahla le bo emela genus e le 'ngoe, se se akaretsang mefuta e meraro (tlhophiso ena e ile hlahiswa ka 2013, pele ho moo ho ne ho se tšoane ha mefuta e):

• khahla ea phula;
• Keyske khahla ea phula;
• khahla ea phula lithaba.

phapang All morphological pakeng tsa mefuta ena ke hoo e seng oa bohlokoa hore baemeli ba e mong le e ba bona ba ka ho hang khetholloa ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse. E le Red Book ea Russia, khahla ea phula dimela Keyske le khahla ea phula tse ngata ba tlokotsing, kahoo ba ile ba li akarelletsa ho eona.

Khahla ea phula ka litšōmo le

Ho na le litšōmo tse 'maloa e ntle e amahanngoa le mebala ana:

tšōmo Seukraine

Ngoanana e mong ea motle emetse rata ba hae ho khutla letšolo sesole. Empa ha aa ka khutla, 'me o lla bohloko, ho siama ho lefu la hae. Ka hang-hang moo ho ile ha etsoa akhetse teardrops perela, le likhahla tsa phula ea hlaha.

tšōmo Jeremane

Likhahla tsa phula - le sefaha, e hasane Snow White. Ba 'nile ba fetoloa mabone tse nyenyane' me ba bonesa tsela bosiu le gnome hanyane.

Ea boholo-holo Scandinavian tšōmo

Khahla ea Valley - palesa e halalelang, e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a e leng molimotsana oa letsatsi. O ne a rapela hae hlabetsoeng melimo, le ho mo tlotlisa lokisetsa mekete e ntle setso le mekete.

tšōmo Russia

Princess Volkhov, ea lulang ka tlase ba le lefifi 'me leoatle a batang, oela ka lerato le le motle swashbuckling Sadko, masterfully sebetsana le harepa. Empa lerato e ne e le unrequited, hobane Sadko rata e bonolo Russia ngoanana Lubawa. letsatsi le le leng Princess Volkhov tlile lebōpong 'me a ea ho otlolla maoto ka ho morung ho mamela papali tse harepa ea ratang oa hae, empa ho ena le hoo o ile a bona batho ba ratang thabile: Sadko le Lubawa. The khosatsana lla habohloko tloha unrequited lerato, lehloeo le ho se ikhohomose. meokho ea hae oela fatše, fetoloa lipalesa ea ratehang le ho tiea - likhahla tsa phula eo. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ba 'nile ba ba le pontšo ea tumelo, ho hloka sekoli, botšepehi le ho hloka molato.

Ho na le litumelo tse ling tseo re ka moo e ne e tsoa khahla ea phula eo. Red Book ha e bue ka tsona, a bua feela ho ya data histori.

dikarolo itseng ka hare ho semela

Nahana ka dikarolo tsa motheo tseo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso khahla. Red Book e bontša likarolo tsa mohaho o lona, e le semela e nkoa e chefo. Ho e sa sebelisoa ho fepa linonyana, empa liphoofolo tse ngata li ikemiselitse ho sebelisa ntle le khanyang orange-e khubelu ditholwana e le mokhoa oa likokoana-hloko ka hare.

Boholo ba dikahare malapeng ka lipalesa khahla ea phula lula oli tsa bohlokwa. Ho bua ka sebopeho karolo ea bakoa e le makhasi a, e le ba ka bang 30 glycosides le alkaloids, ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa tse konvallatoksin le konvallatoskol. Ho metsoako tsena ke bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa merero ea meriana ho batho.

Tshebediso ya dimela

Ho na le libakeng tse 'maloa tseo ho tsona ho khahla ea phula e sebediswa. The Red Book fana tlhaloso ea libakeng tsena tse latelang:

1. Le khabisitsoeng le sebakeng ka moruo batho.
2. Moriana.
3. Pet lijo.
4. Litlolo tse nkhang hamonate le litlolo.

'nete ea hore semela e sebelisoa ka Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle, e ke ho ka lokafatsoang. Ho ea nang le feela ho sheba likhahla tsa phula eo. Photo bontša kamoo e ntle, ka makhethe le ratehang lipalesa tšoeu.

Indasteri ea litlolo tse nkhang hamonate sebedisa oli hlokahala hore etsa ho fihlela dimela bakeng sa tlhahiso ea litlolo tse nkhang hamonate, Eau de Khao toilette, linyanyatsi tse nkhang hamonate le fresheners moea.

boleng moriana

Ka moriana, khahla ea phula ke ea bohlokoa hape. Red Book tlhaloso bakeng sa paramethara ena e fana ka: dikarolo ho khetheha ea khahla ea phula e ile ea etsa e atlehang marotholi, tšebeliso e feteletseng kapa e sa lokelang e ka 'na lebisa khathatsong e tebileng.

Ka 1881, e le moriana dimela ka mananeo tshwanetseng ile a kenyelletsa khahla ea phula eo. The Book Red hape ka lebaka lena le akarelletsang lipalesa. Bo-rasaense ba Zelenin ile thōko tlhotla e ka fokolisa mesifa pelo ka spasm. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho pharaletseng e sebediswa tincture ea khahla ea phula le pelo marotholi.