K'habone tšepe. Classification, GOST, kopo

Tšepe - sehlahisoa tšepe, tse khōlō kaho tse bonahalang. From le lihlahisoa kaho rebar, tšepe ea fapaneng Profiles, methapo, likarolo, mechine le lisebelisoa.

tlhahiso ea tšepe

Tšepe le tšepe indasteri e kopanela tlhahiso ea tšepe le tšepe. Tšepe - ka thata, empa tsoarellang lintho tse bonahalang. Tšepe - tsoarellang, e ka tšeptjoang, polasetiki, le tsekamelo ea ho doping tšepe e sebelisoang ka foundries bilikisa, betloa ha le tapa.

Ho na le litsela tse ngata tsa ho hlahisoeng tšepe:

1. Converter. Thepa: oksijene converter. Qoso (mantlha): tšoeu liheloe tšepe, tšepe sephephechaneng, a lejoe la mokoetla. Hlahisa k'habone steels feela.
2. Open-leifo. Thepa: bulehileng-leifo sebōpi. Qoso: mokelikeli liheloe tšepe, tšepe sephephechaneng, tšepe manya. Tenyetseha ka bobeli k'habone le motsoako steels bakeng.
3. Selikalikoe. Thepa: motlakase selikalikoe sebōpi. Qoso: tšepe sephephechaneng, fariki tšepe, Coke, a lejoe la mokoetla. A mokhoa bokahohleng.
4. Induction. Thepa: Induction sebōpi. Qoso: tšepe le lahlela tšepe sephephechaneng, ferro-lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.

Ha e le hantle ea ho tšepe ho hlahisoeng - fokotsa palo ea inclusions mpe lik'hemik'hale ho fumana tšepe, e leng e ratoang haholo e bitsoa "tšepe" - kapa ho ena, ea motsoako tšepe ho ba le dikahare k'habone ho eona ha se ho feta 2,14%.

dithulaganyo deacidification

Bakeng sa tšepe, ho ba sethaleng ho qetela tsa ho qhibilihisa tloaelehileng thulaganyou e belang e, e leng e angoa ke ntho ea tlhaho ho eona naetrojene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide. Joalo motsoako ka mmuso tiile lipelo na le sebopeho porous, e tlosoa ka ho phethola. Ho bonolo le ho compressible, empa e se ho lekaneng tsoarellang.

thulaganyou e Deacidification e kgaoditswe ke kena le litšila a phehile ka motsoako ferromanganese tsa ferrosilicon, aluminium. Ho itšetlehile ka ka tjhelete e oa meea e barrel le likarolo deoxidizing, le tšepe ka phutholoha kapa seka-bolaoa.

Qeta tšepe lakatsa tekanyo ea ho deoxidation e fuoang ka hlobo tsa crystallization le sebelisa ka mehato thulaganyou e latelang ea tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tse felileng tšepe.

Classification tsa carbon tšepe

le tšepe tsohle e teng 'marakeng lefatše ka aroloa k'habone le motsoako. Brands tsohle tsa carbon tšepe li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse fapaneng le litšobotsi tsa classifier notation.

Thehiloeng tlhophiso makgetheng ka sehloohong ba ikarotse:

1. K'habone mehaho tšepe. Ba k'habone ka tlase ho 0,8%. Di sebediswa bakeng sa proizvodnje tsa di-valve, phuthoa dihlahiswa le castings.
2. sesebelisoa tšepe k'habone eo sodrezhat k'habone ka chelete ea ho tloha 0.7% ho 1.3%. Di sebediswa bakeng sa lisebelisoa, lisebelisoeng thepa.

Ho latela mekhoa ea deoxidation:

• a phehile - likarolo deoxidizing (RE) ka sebopeho se ka tlase ho ya 0.05%;
• semikilled - ya 0.05% ≤RE≤0,15%;
• khoba matšoafo - 0,15% ≤RE≤0,3%.

Ka lik'hemik'hale:

• tlaase k'habone (0,3% ≤S);
• sredneuglerodistoj (0,3≤S≤0,65%);
• phahameng-ka carbon (0,65≤S≤1,3%).

Tšepe e nang le k'habone ka ho imenneng e phahame ho feta 1.3%, ha ba sebelisoa ho indasteri.

Ho itšetlehile ka hore microstructure ho:

• hypoeutectoid - ka tšepe k'habone ka sebopeho se ka tlase ho 0,8%;
• eutectoid - ka tšepe e nang le k'habone dikahare tsa 0,8%;
• hypereutectoid litlelase - tšepe le k'habone dikahare feteng 0,8%.

Ka boleng:

1. Karolelano ea boleng. Sebabole ho e na le ka tlaase ho 0,06% phosphorus - se fetang 0,07%.
2. Boleng tšepe. Ha ba ba le sebabole le phosphorus 0,04% ho feta.
3. Boleng bo phahameng. Joale e ntan'o ba palo oa sebabole le ka tlaase ho 0,025% le phosphorus - se fetang 0,018%.

Ho ea ka lintho tsa motheo tse tekanyetso tšepe sehlopheng k'habone ho ea aba:

• mehaho e tloaelehileng boleng;
• kaho boleng;
• lisebelisoa boleng;
• karaoke boleng.

Haholo-holo bitsa mehaho tšepe ea boleng bo tlwaelehileng

Tšepe ea boleng bo tlwaelehileng di na le dipegelo: ho tswa ho - ho 0,6%, S - ho 0,06%, P - 0,07%. A re ke re boneng hore na sena se ngotsweng k'habone tšepe. Standard 380 e hlalosa e latelang notation makolopetso:

• A, B, C - sehlopha; A - e sa bontšitsoe lumela hore baa fokola ka;
• 0-6 ka mor'a hore mangolo "ST" - nomoro ya serial, e leng e patilwe ka lik'hemik'hale 'me (kapa) phetha molao thepa;
• T - Mangan teng MN (mankanese);
• kp, Pes, ka c - tekanyo ea ho deoxidation (belang, seka-bolaoa, e nang le khutso).

dinomoro ho tloha ho 1 ho 6 mora kgetho ya tekanyo e oa deoxidation ke robakanya e - sehlopha sena. Tabeng ena, ho sehlopha pele e sa tšoauoa ka tsela efe kapa efe.

Litlhaku M, K tšoaea ho qaleha ha ho ka bolela metallurgical difeme mokhoa: leifo kapa oksijene-converter. Tshohanyetso, carbon tšepe ea boleng bo tlwaelehileng hlahisa sebopeho matshwao ditirisanommogo, ka 47 likoto.

Classification tsa steels mehaho ea boleng ba tloaelehileng

K'habone tšepe ea boleng bo tlwaelehileng di arotsoe ka lihlopha.

• Group A: tšepe, e leng lokela ho hantle tšoanang le boletsweng thepa phetha molao feela. Bareki ba atisa ho fuoa ka mokgwa wa le lakane le selotlolo phikolosetsa (maqephe, tees, H dikarolo, fittings, razors le matlo a). Litempe: St0 St1 - St6 (kp, Pes sp), dihlopha 1-3, ho akarelletsa le St3Gps, St5Gps.
• Sehlopha B: tšepe, e leng lokela ho laoloa ke ho hlokahala hore lik'hemik'hale le thepa. foromeletsoeng ho etsoa le sarolohang, e tla behoa tlas'a machining khatello e eketsehileng ka boemo ba chesang (betloa ha, tapa). Litempe: BSt0, BSt1 (kn dostupnost-CN) BSt2 (kp, Pes) BSt3 (kn dostupnost-CN, ho akarelletsa le BSt3Gps) BSt4 (kp, Pes), BLS 6 (Pes, CN), dihlopha 1 le ea 2.
• Sehlopha B: tšepe, e leng lokela ho iphaphatha le lik'hemik'hale, 'meleng, mechine le theknoloji thepa. Sehlopha sena ke ntho ea tlhaho ho fapafapana ya matshwao, eo e entsoe ka lihlahisoa polasetiki lakane, tsoarellang matlafatso tsa libakeng tse ka thempereichara e feteletseng, likarolo tse mahlonoko tseo (tsekema, woman stage, liase, pistons menoana). lihlahisoa tsohle tsa sebopeho fapaneng, thepa le Brands tsa sehlopha ho kopanya ntle thekenoloji weldability. Litempe: VSt1-VSt6 (kp, Pes sp), VSt5 (Pes sp), ho akarelletsa le VSt3Gps, sehlopha 1-6.

Mehaho tšepe ea boleng bo tlwaelehileng - lits'epe tse kopantsoeng le tšebeliso batho ba bangata-ba ema sephara ho indasteri e.

Tšoaea boleng k'habone tšepe

Carbon dikahare tsa tšepe tsa itse boleng ho tloha ya 0.05% ho tse 0.6%. Qhibiliha tsa tšepe tsa tlhophiso sehlopha se hlahile leifo bulehileng kapa mokhoa motlakase selikalikoe. A mengata e fapaneng ea ho ba teng har'a carbon diversifies thepa phetha molao: tlase k'habone - polasetiki, ea mahareng - matla.

Boleng k'habone tšepe tse entsoeng ka P le S se fetang 0,04%, ka ho latellana.

Bo bitsa (GOST 1050-88):

• Figures 05-60 - ba teng ha e se carbon patilwe (mets - ya 0.05%, max - tse 0.6%);
• kp, Pes, ka c - tekanyo ea ho deoxidation ( "CN" e sa ho bontšitsoe);
• T, U, F - na mankanese, aluminium, vanadium.

Ntle le mabaka a ho bo bitsa le

Boleng k'habone tšepe ka bo bitsa lona tse ntle le mabaka a:

• 15K, 20K, 22K - boleng tšepe, o hlophisitse kaho tanka;
• Karaoke mf-20 - k'habone - 0,2%, le tšepe e sebetsa ho tlhahisong ea lipeipi ke chesang sarolohang ka kaho tanka le tlhomamiso ea litsamaiso futhumatsang, kenyelletsa ditokiseletso koporo le chromium;
• Letsoai - Steel bakeng sa tlhahisong ea liase koloi, e na le nikele, chromium le koporo.

Bakeng sa Brands kaofela tšepe boleng bo phahameng tšoauoa ka bohlokoa ba ho bonolo ho li sebelisa mogote (mohlala, normalizing) le kalafo thermochemical (ka mohlala, cementation).

Classification tsa tšepe k'habone boleng

mofuta ona wa k'habone tšepe ka arotsoe ka lihlopha 4:

1. lintho tse bonahalang Ductility a loketse bakeng sa sebetsa batang (phikolosetsa), phethola le lakane le tube,. Cha - 08ps tšepe, tšepe 08, tšepe 08kp.
2. Tšepe le sebelisitsoe ka phikolosetsa chesang le betloa, e leng tla sebetsa libakeng ka thermally mabifi. Cha - Steel ea 10 ho ea ho 25 tšepe.
3. Tšepe, o fumane kopo ea tlhahisong ea likarolo tse mahlonoko tseo, ho akarelletsa le liliba, lekhasi liliba, couplings, tsekema, shafts. Cha - Steel ea 60 ho ea ho 85 tšepe.
4. Tšepe hlokang opereishene e ka tšeptjoang ka ho libakeng tletseng bora (mohlala, ho bangna ketane). Litempe tšepe 30, tšepe 50, tšepe 30G, 50G tšepe.

Hape, hoa khoneha ho arola ka lihlopha tse 2 ya Brands tsohle tummeng tsa carbon tšepe tsa sehlopha sa boleng: tlwaelehileng mehaho le mehaho mankanese.

Tšebeliso ea k'habone mehaho tšepe

sehlopha sa tšepe boleng	letšoao	kopo
tloaelehile boleng	a0	fittings, siding
	St1	cha, ke-libalaka, metjha e
	St3Gsp	mohaho ona o khiriso
	St5sp	bushings, linate, tsekema,
	St6ps	kaho crowbars
	VSt4kp	bopehileng, lakane, phuthoa karolo tšepe makala tsoarellang
ya boleng	Stal10	liphaephe tsa litanka, tapa
	Stal15	Dintlha phahameng ductility, cams, tsekema, linate
	Stal18kp	weldments
	20ps tšepe	lilepe, lifereko, menoana, fittings, liphaephe
	Stal50	likere, litleneng
	Stal60	leakage radiation, washers, washers selemo

K'habone sesebelisoa tšepe tšoauoa ka matla a phahameng le toughness. Ba tla ba ho ya e selotlolo sethaleng kalafo mocheso.

Carbon dikahare ka tšepe: 0.7 - 1.3%. Bakeng sa boleng bo - ho fihlela ho 0,03% phosphorus - ho fihlela ho 0,035%. A sesebelisoa bakeng sa boleng bo phahameng: sebabole - ho fihlela ho 0,02% phosphorus - ho fihlela ho 0,03%.

Vintage letshwao (GOST 1435-74):

• U - k'habone sesebelisoa;
• 7 -13 - k'habone dikahare ho eona 0.7-1.3%, ka ho latellana;
• D - Boteng ba mankanese;
• A - boleng bo phahameng.

Ntle le mabaka a ho melao-motheo ea ho tšoaea steels k'habone sesebelisoa - boitsebiso bakeng sa likarolo A75 jete mekgwa ASU10E, AU10E.

Ditlhoko tsa sesebelisoa tšepe

Ho latela GOST, sesebelisoa steels ba lokela ho finyella palo e ba khethollang.

Hlokahala physicochemical le thepa phetha molao: litsupa thatafala quality, toughness, matla ho hanyetsa liphetoho mocheso ka nako ya tshebetso (nakong ya ho itšeha, ho cheka, khahlamelo mejaro), ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho.

Hlalosoa thepa ea theknoloji:

• ho hanyetsa dithulaganyo mpe itšeha thekenoloji (khomarelang ba dita, thatafatsa);
• machinability ntle ho retelehela le ho sila;
• susceptibility ho kalafo mocheso;
• ho hanyetsa overheating.

Ho eketsa boleng ba mechine le theknoloji entsprechen sesebelisoa tšepe tlas'a ho multistage mocheso kalafo:

• annealing boitsebiso qalang pele ho etsa thepa lisebelisoa;
• tima (Cooling ka ditharollo letsoai) le morago ga moo e tempering o qetile lihlahisoa (haholo-holo tlaase tempering).

The thepa ile a fumana ba laolwang ke lik'hemik'hale le microstructure fumana: cementite le martensite ho austenite inclusions.

Ho sebelisoa ha sesebelisoa tšepe k'habone

Sebediswa hlalositswe tšepe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng: ho itšeha, percussion, ea thusang.

• Tšepe U7, U7A - lihamore, lichesele, lilepe, lichesele, sledgehammers, lichesele, ho tšoasa litlhapi hook.
• U8 tšepe, U8A, U8G - lisakha, screwdrivers, punches, stats bores, cutters, pliers.
• Tšepe U9, U9A - bencheng lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa seha lehong.
• Tšepe U10, U10A tšepe, U11, U11A - rasps, phathatsa, sotha-shoa likoetlisong, le sesebelisoa thusang ho otla ka litebele le ho lekanyetsa.
• Ho 12, U12A - reamers, phathatsa, lekanyang lisebelisoa.
• Y13, U13A - a difaele tsa ho Nail, mahare a le lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa, tapa punches.

Kwalwang etsa khetho sehlopheng k'habone tšepe, tsa lona thekenoloji mocheso kalafo, kutlwisiso ya thepa ea eona le litšobotsi tse - e le tebeletso ea ho phela nako e telele hlahisoa, sebetswa kapa sebelisoa mehaho e kapa liletsa.