Ke lysosomes seo: sebopeho, sebopeho le mosebetsi wa lysosomes

Ka seleng ea ka khonang ho "silehe" lintho tse e oela cytoplasm joang? Karabo e ka fumanoa ka ho hlahloba se wa lysosomes. sebopeho bona ke mang? Ka lebaka la ka moo thepa ea organelles tsena ba khona ho phetha mosebetsi oa eona?

Lysosomes. Features ya sebopeho le mosebetsi

Lysosome - sena lisele tse organoid ke ka 0,2 microns ka boholo, pota-potiloe ke lera le nang le metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale hydrolytic. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa bubble joalo ke ho petsoha dintho hlahiswa ka seleng ke endocytosis, kapa limolek'hule tsa bona, e le hore ba ha e sa hlokahala.

ke sebōpeho sa lysosomes ka morero oa eng?

Bokaholimo ba matsoele kapa thepa tlontlollong ka hydrolases - enzyme khona ho sebetsa ka tsela e mahareng asiti. Ho ba le tlaase ph, ba aa ageletsweng ka lysosome lera ATPase vacuolar-mofuta (V-mofuta). sebopeho itseng tsa rarahaneng le lumella ho di-pump khahlanong le ea mahloriso kretiente tsa protons hydrogen, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha palo ea bona ka hare organelles tikoloho.

Hydrolase ka feela sebetsa tikolohong asiti. E phetha karolo ea bohlokoa e sireletsang, 't. Ho. Ka ho cytoplasm ea sele mahareng ke hoo e batlang e ho se nke lehlakore. Ha lysosomes lera ka tsela e itseng e senyehileng, 'me potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e neng e ka cytosol, ba ile ba ba felloa ke matla a bona a ho heletsa dintho le organelles.

Lysosome lera le bopilwe ka poleiti le micellar libaka. The likheo pakeng tsa le dikarolo ea phospholipids tletse ka metsi. Fetela sebakeng lera le hasane pores tse ngata tseo le tsona li tletse ka metsi le ka koaloa ke limolek'hule Polar. Joalo likarolo rarahaneng ea tsamaiso lera ebe nolofalletsa phunyeletse organelles le hydrophobic le hydrophilic limolek'hule.

Tsela ea ho theha lysosomes

Liprotheine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho haha lysosomes ba qalong tsa maiketsetso ka EPR. Ka mor'a moo, ho hlokahala hore ba "la tag" ke attaching mannose masalla. Sena masalla mannose ke pontšo e itseng bakeng sa Golgi sethusathuto: liprotheine tse concentrated sebakeng se seng ka, 'me joale ba tsa maiketsetso vial le enzyme lytic. Hore 's seo e lysosome thutong ea baeloji.

The internals tsa lysosomes ho

ke eng lysosome le seo ho hlophisoa ha tikoloho ka hare tsa organelles tsee?

Ka hare lysosomes tshehetswa tikoloho ya asiti, ph ba finyellang 4.5-5. Tlas'a maemo a joalo, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le ka phetha bokaholimo ba matsoele lona mosebetsi. Hydrolase - ke lebitso le tloaelehileng la sehlopheng sa enzyme. Feela lysosome na le ba ka bang 40 e fapaneng limolek'hule biologically mafolofolo nakong eo catalyze itsoara joang ka lona itseng ka ho feletseng.

E le karolo ea litaba tse ka hare ka hare tsa enzyme lysosome ka fumanoa e latelang:

• asiti phosphatase - cleaves metsoako e nang le lihlopha phosphate;
• nuclease - timetsa acid nucleic ;
• protease - cleaves liprotheine;
• collagenase - timetsa limolek'hule tsa collagen;
• Lipase - cleaves esters ;
• Glycosidase - potlakisa liphetoho k'habohaedreite bokaholimo ba matsoele;
• asparaginase - cleaves aspartic acid e;
• glutaminase - timetsa acid e glutamic.

Feela lysosomes na le ba ka bang 40 hydrolases fapaneng. Ka hona, potso ea hore na ke lysosome, thutong ea baeloji ka araba: a ntlo ea polokelo ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale.

mefuta lysosomes

Abelwang karolo ya mefuta 4 of lysosomes: lysosomes mathomo le se mahareng, mosebetsi autophagic le lisele tse barrel.

lysosomes Education - e rarahaneng, e leng e tsamaea le ho sebetsa ha limolek'hule tse fapa-fapaneng a hoehla holim'a EPR le kgatelelo ya madi. Mathomo lysosome - e se ome mathe tse nyenyane, e leng e khomaretse tloha lera ea sethusathuto le Golgi.

lysosome mathomo qalong e na le e rarahaneng lohle la enzyme hlokahala ho heletsa macromolecules.

Mahareng lysosome - sebopeho sena, bophahamo ba modumo kgolo. E thehoa ka kopanngwe le mathomo a bubble dintho tšoaroa ke endocytosis, kapa lihlahisoa metabolism seleng eo e lokela ho lahloa.

sebopeho autophagosome e amanang le tshebetso kang autophagy - absorption le "a nahanisisa" fuputse metjha organelles la sele.

The nako karolelano ea mitochondria ke matsatsi a 10. Hang ha organelle ke sa khone ho phetha mesebetsi ea eona, e tlameha ho lahloa. Bakeng sa morero ona, e leng plurality tsa lysosomes mathomo le mitochondria likolohileng di ya kokangana. Ka lebaka leo, ha thehoa autophagosome kholoanyane ka hare eo e qala petsoha mitochondria ka monomers.

ke lysosomes ka sebōpeho sa namane barrel eng? Sena se ntlha ea ho qetela ea ea ka tšebetso ea lysosomes efe kapa efe moo enzyme entse mosebetsi oa bona, 'me organelle ne dintho tse ke keng ea petsoha ka ho eketsehileng. bakiloeng Undigested ba mpa feela lelekoa gorole le.

Mafu a amanang le mafu a ea lysosomes ho

Enzyme hase kamehla sebetsa hantle. Lysosomes petsoha mosebetsi o phethile feela ha hydrolase ha a na irregularities ka sebopeho sa. Ka lebaka leo, ba bangata ba mafu a amanang le lysosomes, thehiloe sebetse hantle ya potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le.

bopengwi tsena li bitsoa mafu polokelo. Sena se bolela hore khaello ea potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le substrate-holo li mpa feela e sa ho thuisoa ka lysosome, ka lebaka la seo lea haha le ho etsa hore liphello tse bohloko.

Sfingolipidoz, Tay-Sachs lefu, lefu Sendhoffa, lefu Niemann-nka, leukodystrophy - kaofela ha mafu tsena li amahanngoa le e sebetse hantle ha lysosomal potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ba sieo tsa bona ka ho feletseng. mafu a ho fetisisa ke recessive ka tlhaho.