Ke eng e ka ba boemo ba mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bophelo?

Bophelo ka lapeng polanete ea rōna e emeloang ke e mengata e fapaneng ka ho fetisisa tsa libōpuoa tse sa tšoaneng. Litšobotsi tse ikhethang ho bona, ba ikemiselitse ka lintlha tse 'maloa - tekanyo ea ho ntshetsopeleng iphetola ha lintho, maemo a tikoloho,' me joalo-joalo. Tse tharo tsa motheo thepa bath ea taba leha e le efe manyolo, ke phapanyetsano ea taba le matla le tikoloho kaofela (sena ke matšoao ka sehloohong ea lintho tsohle tse phelang), ka teneha (khr, matla a ho arabela susumetsa ba Link) le ho ikatisa (grip la dimela bona). Maemo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bophelo, baeloji, e leng ke a ruile haholo lefatšeng - ke sa hierarchical sebopeho hlophisitse biosystems. The sehlopha se busang sebakeng sena le tšekamelo e thehoe holim'a molao-motheo oa mohaho rarahaneng ea lintho tse. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, litsebi tsa baeloji li mekhahlelo e supileng ka tsoelo-pele ea bophelo: limolek'hule liphatsa tsa lefutso, lateloa ke phahameng ka ho lisele, boemo ba dinama tse nyenyane tse, lekala, ntshetsopele (ka mantsoe a mang - organismal), palo ea baahi-mefuta e, lintho tse phelang tikolohong le ea lefatše lohle. A re hlahlobeng bona ka ho qaqileng.

Maemo tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bophelo Lefatšeng

Limolek'hule liphatsa tsa lefutso. lera ena e na le likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa taba manyolo, mefuta e fapaneng ya macromolecules: acid nucleic, lik'habohaedreite, liprotheine le lintho tse ling tse phelang. Mona ba tsoetsoe ba e hlophisitsweng, ntho ea bohlokoa haholo tsa likokoana-hloko tse kang khouto le phetiso ya tlhahisoleseding lefa, metabolism, tshilo ya dijo, matla ho sokoloha, 'me joalo-joalo.

Lisele Biological Organization. Ka seleng ke mehaho le tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya phelang tsohle lefatšeng. Ka hona, le thulaganyo tse etsahalang, tse motheong oa lintho tsohle tse phelang.

Dinama tse nyenyane tse boemong ba. Ke pokello ea lisele tse, e leng ka tsela e tšoanang hlahang ho yona, sebopeho, le mesebetsi e entseng. Ena e boetse e akarelletsa ntho intercellular.

Lekala Biological Organization. 'mele ofe kapa ofe ke mofuta oa e le karolo ea tse ka thōko tsa' mele o nang le e reriloeng pele sebopeho, sebaka, sebopeho, le ho etsa mosebetsi itseng.

boemo ba Organismal (kapa ntshetsopele). The phelang e phethahetseng ka hohlehohle unicellular kapa multicellular tsamaiso e khopo a phela, ba nang le bokhoni ba tshebetso e ikemetseng, ho lula dithulaganyo homeostatic. Phelang - e ile a laela sete ya plurality ea lisele, lisele le litho tsa ka hare.

Population (kapa mefuta e) Biological Organization. View ke pokello ea motho ka mong hore na le ka tsela e tšoanang sebopeho mong ho e mong le ho ba le hlahang ho yona tloaelehileng. Batho ba joalo ba ka bolokolohi hybridize le mong ho e mong, a le fa litholoana le bana solofetsang. Ha baahi (s) tsa boemo ba tshebetso ya ho speciation, le khannoang ke dithulaganyo ho iphetola ha lintho.

Lintho tse phelang tikolohong (kapa biogeocenotic). Biogeocoenosis bitsoang histori tse tsoetseng pele beha tsa lintho tse phelang tsa mefuta e fapaneng hore kopana le mefuta e fapaneng ya lintlha tsa tlhaho tse phelang e tšoanang.

Global (Biosphere) Biological Organization. Biosphere - ke tsamaiso ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa boemong bo koahetse liketsahalo tsohle le dithulaganyo tsa bophelo ka hydrosphere, lithosphere le sepakapakeng, hammoho le tlisa hammoho lintho tse phelang tikolohong bohle ka rarahaneng e le 'ngoe. Ha boemo ba biosphere amanang ho tsohle tse phelang lefatšeng.