Endotoxin - le ... Exotoxins le endotoxins

Ka e mong oa mebuso ea mofuta e na le lintho tse se nang molekane-e nang le sele, libaktheria thōko ka lefapha la. Boholo ba mefuta e hlahisa metsoako e khethehileng lik'hemik'hale - exotoxins le endotoxins. tlhophiso bona, thepa le tšusumetso ka 'mele oa motho e tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

ke chefo seo

Dintho (haholo-holo protheine tlhaho kapa lipopolysaccharide), secreted baktheria seleng ea ka mokelikeli kantle ho sele ka mor'a lefu la hae - ke endotoxin baktheria. Ha ba phele ka prokaryotic phelang hlahisa ntho nang le chefo e ka seleng e moamoheli, ka maekoroboiloji, metsoako joalo ba bitsoa exotoxins. Ba na le tšusumetso e senyang lisele tsa botho le litho tsa ka hare, e leng: inactivate tsamaiso potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ka phahameng ka ho lisele, senya metabolism. Endotoxin - e chefo, ho fana ka le phello e kotsi ka lisele tse phelang, 'me mahloriso lona e ka ba e nyenyane haholo. Ka maekoroboiloji tsebahalang ka bang 60 metsoako abelwa lisele tse baktheria. A re ke re tšohleng lipotso tseo ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

Lipopolysaccharide mofuta chefo baktheria

Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore endotoxin - sehlahisoa sa bokaholimo ba matsoele tsa lera le ka ntle ea libaktheria mob mobile-negative. Ho e rarahaneng e entsoeng ka ka k'habohaedreite e rarahaneng le lipid hore le sebedisana ka le mosa itseng tsa receptors seleng. Tabeng ena e na le likarolo tse tharo: lipid A, antigen le e oligosaccharide molek'hule. Ke karolo ea pele, ho ka kemisong ea mali, a etsa hore e le hantle ka ho fetisisa kotsi, lateloa ke lipontšo tsohle tsa chefo haholo: liketsahalo dyspeptic, hyperthermia, diso tsa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Tshwaetso ya endotoxin mali ho etsahala ka potlako hoo 'mele develops makala maswe.

E mong elements mehaho ke ea endotoxin - ke oligosaccharide se se akaretsang heptose - C ₇ H ₁₄ O _7. Ba tsoela pele ho maling, e disaccharide bohareng ka boela etsa hore botahoa, empa bate haholo ho feta tabeng ea ho ikopanya le mali lipid A.

Liphello tsa ho pepesehela endotoxins ka 'mele oa motho

Liphello o tloaelehileng haholo oa ketso ea chefo baktheria ka lisele tsa tsona li na le trombogemorragichesky syndrome, le makala maswe. Mofuta oa pele oa bolwetse hlaha ho kena dintho mali - chefo fokotsa coagulation lona. Sena se etsa hore tshenyo multiple lekala, e bopilweng ka connective dinama tse nyenyane tse - parenchyma, tse kang ea matšoafo, sebete le liphio. parenchyma bona etsahala mali a mangata, 'me maemong a matla - tsoa mali. mofuta o mong oa lefu seo se etsahala ka lebaka la ketso ya chefo baktheria - ke maswe makala. E isang ditlolo mali le lisele tsa mmele wa ajoa, liphello tsa tse ditlolo tsa ho tsamaisa oksijene le limatlafatsi tse ngata ho makala ea bohlokoa le lisele: boko, matšoafo, liphio, sebete.

Motho a ka 'thonaka sharply bakeng sa matšoao a behang bophelo kotsing tse kang lerotholi ka potlako khatello ea mali, hyperthermia le ka potlako ho ntshetsa pele a hlobaetsang le pelo insufficiency. E potlakileng kenella tsa bongaka (tšoere hormona le phekolo lithibela-mafu) patelang batho endotoxin sebetsa mme kapele e tlosa ho 'mele.

exotoxins Otherness

Pele re ka fumana ho specifics ea mofuta ona wa chefo baktheria, re hopola hore endotoxin - ena ke o mong oa metsoako e sa lysate ea leboteng a ka cell ea libaktheria mob mobile-mpe ba shoele. Exotoxins tsa maiketsetso ke phelang lisele tse prokaryotic: bobeli a mob mobile ea HIV le a mob mobile-negative. Ka ho ya ka sebopeho lik'hemik'hale, ba liprotheine tse nyenyane haholo le boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule. Ho eo e ka bolela hore ka sehloohong ea tleleniki liponahatso etsahala nakong mafu a tšoaetsanoang bakileng exotoxins toba lethality tse thehoa ka lebaka la metabolism ea libaktheria ho fetisisa.

lithuto tsa Microbiological ba proven a phahameng virulence ena mofuta oa chefo ea baktheria, e bapisoa le endotoxin. The causative mahlahana a ha mesifa ea mehlahare, whooping khohlela, metso o mosoeu ho hlahisa lintho tse nang le chefo oa protheine tlhaho. Ba bontša thermolability le senngoa ke futhumatsang ka mefuta e fapaneng ya ho tswa ho likhato tse 70 ho tse 95 Celsius metsotso 12-25.

mefuta exotoxins

Classification tsa mofuta oa chefo ea baktheria e hahiloeng ka molao-motheo oa e le hantle bona ka sebopeho seleng ea ka. Mohlala, khetholla membranotoksiny, ba senya moamoheli seleng ea lera la kapa khahlanong diffusion le lipalangoang mafolofolo ions feta ka lera bilayer. Ho boetse ho na cytotoxins. Ho chefo ho nka bohato ka lisele tse hyaloplasm le sitisa ba itšoara joang ea assimilation le dissimilation etsahalang metabolism lisele. Tse ling tse metsoako - chefo "mosebetsi" ka potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, mohlala, hyaluronidase (neuraminidase). Ba hatella boitshireletso ba mmele wa motho, e le hore e inactivated ka tlhahiso ea lymphocytes, monocytes le macrophages ka nodes lisele tsa mmele. Kaha protease timetsa lisireletsi sireletsang, le Lecithinase cleaves lecithin, karolo ea likhoele methapo ea kutlo. Sena se etsa hore ho qhala tsa bioimpulsov, 'me ka lebaka leo, ho ea fokotseha ka innervation litho le lisele.

Cytotoxins e ka sebetsa jwalo ka detergents, kahoo ho na le timetso ea Botšepehi ba lipid lera lera ea sele moamoheli. Ho feta moo, ba khona ho heletsa, e le lisele ka bonngoe 'meleng le metsoalle ea bona - dinama tse nyenyane tse etsang hore ho thehoe amines biogenic, tse lihlahisoa a itšoare tshilong ya dijo le bontša thepa ea nang le chefo e.

The mochine ea nkang khato ea ho chefo baktheria

lithuto tsa Microbiological theha hore endotoxin - ka sebopeho rarahaneng se se akaretsang tse peli bohareng ea limolek'hule. Origin chefo ntho khomarelang ho receptor itseng seleng, 'me ea bobeli petsoha lera e kena ka ho toba ka lisele hyaloplasm. Ho toxin ho na le masakana le liphetoho tshilong ya dijo: protheine biosynthesis etsahala ribosomes e, ATP tswakana eo e phethahatsoa ka ho mitochondria, boikatiso ea acid nucleic. The phahameng virulence tsa peptides baktheria, ponong ea mohaho lik'hemik'hale ea limolek'hule tsa bona, ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore ba bang ba le toxin loci ikhakanya sebopeho tlhaloganya sebaka ya dintho ka seleng, tse kang neurotransmitters, li-hormone le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Sena se nolofalletsa ba toxin "ho circumvent lisele ea tšireletso" 'me ka potlako phunyeletse ka cytoplasm lona. Kahoo, ka seleng e disarmed pele tshwaetso baktheria, kaha matla a ho bopa ea lahleheloang dintho tsa lona a ho sireletsa: interferon, ea gamma-globulin, lisireletsi. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore thepa ya endotoxins le exotoxins tse tšoanang ka hore bobeli ba mefuta ya chefo baktheria sebetsa ka lisele tse itseng 'meleng, ke hore, ho ba le khethehileng phahameng.