Duralumin - e ... Duralumin: sebopeho, thepa, theko

Duralumin - ka lintho tse bonahalang bo thehiloeng aluminium bo hloekileng le likarolo alloying, eo kenyelletsoa ka ho hlophisoa ha qhibiliha ho fetola thepa tsa tšepe le. Le bonolo 'me bobebe aluminium fumanang mojaro ho hanyetsa, ha kobomba misala mpona melemo kaofela e elements bo hloekileng.

sibolloa tšohanyetso

Duralumin - ke motsoako aluminium le e nyenyane ea koporo, e neng e ba lilemo li ka mocheso itseng ka maemo a maiketsetso. lintho tse bonahalang tse o ile a qapa ka 1903 ke Alfred Wilm, ea ileng a sebeletsa e le moenjiniere ea fektheri Sejeremane. Nakong ea liteko tsa ka e ne e hlokometse mohlala, o ile a tiisa ka boiphihlelo e telele. O ile a fumana hore ha motsoako oa aluminium le 4% koporo, 'me ka nako eo thatafatsa boitsebiso sephetho le ka mocheso oa + 500 ° C, lateloa ke tsidifatso ka potlako' me a tšoere ka wa kamore bakeng sa matsatsi a 'maloa, ba ile ba fumana tšepe le phahameng matla makgabane, ha o bolokoe o ea thepa polasetiki e elements khōlō.

Ka lilemo tse latelang, lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a ne a lokisetsa le palo e khōlō ho sebelisoe hore eketsa matla a boitsebiso boo. Ka ho ba sethaleng hona joale ea anodized aluminium - ka motsoako phahameng matla, e, ho itšetlehile ka mefuta e sa, ka kenyelletsa koporo, magnesium, ka silicon, zinki le ba bang.

sebopeho

Mechanical thepa ea duralumin bonahatse phahameng - ho fihlela ho 370 MPa (matla a aluminium bo hloekileng - 70-80 MPa), e leng se etsang ka lintho tse bonahalang ba batla masimong a mangata liindasteri. Aluminium motsoako le likarolo lik'hemik'hale ka boholo itseng ho fapana litšobotsi tsa boitsebiso sephetho. The motsoako botlaaseng na le boholo khale ea metsoako.

Duralumin sebopeho e tjena:

• Koporo (cu) - 0.5% ea boima ba 'mele palo yohle.
• Mankanese (MN) e 0.5% motsoako.
• Magnesium (MG) - 1.5% palo yohle boima.
• Silicon e (Si) - 1,2%.
• Tšepe (Fe) ke ka 0,1% ya sebopeho.
• Aluminium (Al) - elements tsa motheo.

The mefuta e ka sehloohong ea lits'epe tse kopantsoeng

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, tse ling tse ho feta litšobotsi tse lona.

Joale, ka ho entsoe ka aluminium anodized (sebopeho, ligatures le quality)?

• Aluminium + mankanese (Al + MG), aluminium + magnesium (Al + MN), lebitso bobeli "magnaly" - tšoauoa ka ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho, phahameng tshebetso kulo, tjheseletsa. E hampe khaola. The lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa o hlophisitsoeng ha ba tlas'a thatafatsa eketsehileng. Boitsebiso bo sebelisoa ho etsa liphala tse sa peterole, radiators, litanka merero tse sa tšoaneng, ka mosebetsi oa kaho, le joalo-joalo D..
• Aluminium + mankanese + ka silicon (Al + MG + Si), motsoako le o ile a fuoa lebitso "Avial". The thepa ena duralumin sebopeho - ts'enyeho hanyetsa, lightness le matla la welds e, lijo-thollo tse ntle. Thatafatsa etsahala ka mocheso oa + 515-525 ° C le tsidifatso potlako metsi (+ 20 ° C) bakeng sa matsatsi a 10. Kopo ya sehlooho - lihlahisoa sebelisoa maemong a phahameng mongobo, ho hlahisa thepa, likarolo, mechine ka lifofane, indasteri likoloi, ka Avial morao tjena nka sebaka bitsa chelete e ngata tšepe ka lintlha tse qaqileng tsa lithelefono tsa cellular le ba bang.
• Aluminium + ea koporo + mankanese (Al + cu + MG), kapa duralumin, - ka lintho tse bonahalang kaho, ho itšetlehile ka hore ho hlokahala ho fumana thepa ea ho qetela, palo ea e mong le elements alloying ka fapana. The motsoako o fumane kopo ho indasteri e sefofane, indasteri Aerospace, bakeng sa tlhahisong ea literene tse phahameng-lebelo ( "Peregrine") 'me ba bang. The bozangi litomba ya motsoako ke ho se tsitse ha lona e senyang. Duralumin lakane hloka ho phethahetseng-ba khahlanong le ts'enyeho kalafo, e haholo-holo etsoa ka ho sebelisa ho holim 'a aluminium bo hloekileng.

kopo

Duralumin - ke lintho tse bonahalang ka sehloohong bakeng sa lifofane le sebaka indasteri. Kopo pele bakeng sa lifofane ba e hlahile ka 1911 nakong ea kaho ea airships. Lekholong la bo21 la lilemo ho na le tse fetang Brands ka dozen boitsebiso bobebe le tsoarellang. Bakeng sa lintlha tse lifofane ba atisa ho sebelisa cha D16T, e kenyeletsang robong tsa tšepe tse kang thaethaniamo, nikele, joalo-joalo, 'me ligature e entsoe ka koporo, ka silicon, magnesium. Ka tjhelete e ya aluminium ka motsoako ke e fokolang ho tekanyetso dikahare - 93%.

Ha lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsohle di duralumin arabela hantle ho tjheseletsa, lihlahisoa tse ngata hakaale e entse le razors le mefuta e meng ea fasteners. Ka sehloohong tšebeliso liindasteri tsa lintho tse bonahalang tse e ba aeronautics, likoloi, mochini sesebelisoa. Empa e seng feela theknoloji e phahameng sebediswa duralumin, ho etsa mohlala, bakeng sa ho sebelisoa likepe tsa botho e entsoeng ka boitsebiso boo sebeletsa lilemo tse fetang tse 20, 'me ka hlokomela hantle le thibelo - le esita le nako e telele.

Ka shipbuilding entsoe ka lintho tse bonahalang e se feela hulls, empa e boetse e le palo e kholo ea likarolo tse ka hare 'mele, diyuniti. Liphaephe entsoe ka duralumin, teteaneng-marako le basesaane-marako, li sebelisoa hohle ho tloha matlo le lipuisanong tsa kopanetsweng ho lipeipi khase. maqephe a phuthoa sebediswa mohahong meaho.

Le melemo le mathata

Duralumin - e motsoako e thehiloeng aluminium, e leng, le boitsebiso bo leha e le efe nang le menyetla. Har'a bona:

• Phahameng ditefello tsa matla a ee sa fetoleng boemo.
• Long bophelo tšebeletso.
• Tlaase kotsing timetso.
• Ho hanyetsa libakeng tse ngata e senyang, ho phetha molao feela, mogote litla.
• Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho mosebetsi ao cheseletse (aluminium foromo e hloekileng hampe li amohele seams ho tjheseletsa).
• Palo e khōlō ea dikopo.

Ho na le drawback mong kgolo, e leng o na le e duralumin - e ba pepesehela tshenyo ts'enyeho. dintho tsohle tsa lintho tse bonahalang ho hlile bo hloekileng aluminium clad kapa a tlotsitsoeng le selelekela sa, ho thibela rusting.

litheko

Theko lintho tse bonahalang ke e tobileng, theko thehoa ho itšetlehile ka motsoako sebopeho. Ho fetisisa ea limela le tse hlahisang tšepe batho bao e seng ferrous, hlahisa aluminium. Theko itšetlehile ka lintho tse ngata, ka ho khetheha ka mofuta oa sehlahisoa, bophahamo ba modumo, fana ka puo le maemo a tse ling. The litokomane tsamaea le moetsi e tlameha ho bolela ka ho toba ka etsang liphesente tse motsoako, ho ea ka GOST, tshebetso.

Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba dihlahiswa ho tswa duralumin (Area, phala, lakane) e qala ho tswa ho li-ruble tse 580 ka kilogerama. Le ho eketseha ha ho pharalla ha phepelo theko ka ho ya ka thane e le ea motsoako phala ke ka 510 likete li-ruble. didikadikwe Dural qala ka theko ho tloha 250 li-ruble ka kilogerama. Etsang selikalikoe ho - e le letsoao workpiece tse bonahalang, bao karolo le sefapano se ke selika-likoe sa tšoaneng ka boholo, sehlahisoa bolelele ke limithara tse 3.