COPD ke eng? matšoao a lefu

Mafu a ea tsamaiso ea matšoafo, eo ho eona ho ke tlōlo ea temana a moea bakeng sa litsela tsa pneumatici ke le tsekamelo ea ho letotong kamehla le etsolloa tšekamelo e tsejoang e le a sa foleng obstructive methapo maloetse, kapa COPD bakeng khutšoanyane. Matšoao a boloetse bona a bontša hore ka sehlopha dyspnea kamehla, haholo-holo a hlobaetsang le linako viscous khohlela le expectoration. Pathogenesis matšoao COPD itshetlehile isa tekanyong ea tšenyo e dinama tse nyenyane tse ke khanya tshusumetso lintlha etiological. Bronchial mucus hypersecretion se etsahala, e tiileng e qamathelang lona ea eketseha 'me, ka lebaka leo, slime sebelitse ba ntsoa sebakeng sena ho tloha airway ena. Haeba e se etsahala hore ho na le tšoaetso ea baktheria kapa ea vaerase, COPD exacerbated le eketseha mocheso, ho senyeha boemo kakaretso, ponahalo ea hypoxia matla le ho hloleha ho hema.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore COPD ke lefu le tšoauoa ka e phallo kile-evolving, ka fapanyetsana linako tsa ho exacerbation le khobile matšoafo a lekanyelitsoeng ea ho pathological. Hangata e le lefu lena e amenable ho kalafo ke ho le thata, ho hloka ho baeti ba fihlelang ho lula lithethefatsi tokiso le hore a latele bophelo ba loketseng. Bakuli ba, haholo-holo batho ba holileng, ke ka bokooa, tshebetso, 'me u bontša mamello le ho tiea ha fokotseha.

Foleng obstructive methapo lefu ba momahane lebitso bona mafu e 'maloa ea tsamaiso ea matšoafo: foleng la bronchitis obstructive, sa foleng methapo lefu la pelo, emphysema, matšoafo ' me, ha e complication ea lefu lena le, kgatelelo ya madi methapo.

Lisosa tsa COPD

Ha obstructive methapo lefu hlokometse phetoho pathological ya dinama tse nyenyane tse ea matšoafo, sena atisa ha ho batho bohle, ho na le predisposition liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho hloka antitrypsin. lintlha kotsi ke haholo-holo: nako e telele ea ho tsuba, tlhahiso kotsi (kotsi mosebetsing). phello e kotsi ka matšoafong le samente silicon e lerōle, likaroloana k'hothone lerole kapa khoahlapisitseng ka lifte kapa nakong ea kotulo. Ha ho qetela karolo e bapaloang ke maemo a thusang mafutsana tikoloho. lintlha Etiological, Stimulating lisele secretory ho baka hypersecretion ea maro bronchial. Fetotsoe ciliated epithelium sitoa ho tsoa ka sheshe mucus viscous ka bongata e lekaneng, 'me e stagnates na ke blockage (obstruction) litseleng maemong a fapaneng. Hyperextension mesifa matšoafo isang ho sebopeho sa foci ea eketseha airiness. Ho sa tsotellehe hore sesosa sa COPD, matšoao a lona ke tshwanang ka mafu a fapaneng.

Matšoao a matšoao a COPD ka mafu a fapaneng

Obstructive la bronchitis foleng e tšoauoa ka sa khohlela metsi le expectoration thata. Eketseha khohlela le hlaha ka a batang, boemo ba leholimo a batang. Bronchial secretion fetoha viscous le thata susumeletsa, hangata a tsamaea le feberu tlaase sehlopheng. Maemong a matla, a ka hlahisa bronchospasm le ho hloleha ho hema.

Ka emphysema le hlaha pathological matšoafo katoloso ya tshebetso dikarolo - e alveoli, a etsa hore ba ho eketsa airiness, hyperextension ea leboteng alveolar le ho hloleha ha phapanyetsano tloaelehile khase. Lefu lena le ama matšoafo dinama tse nyenyane tse e felle feela (tsepamiso) le diffuse. Khanya ka tsela eo tšoana morara. Tšoauoa ka e itseng mofuta oa sefuba, e ba le moqomo sebopeho ka lebaka la ho moea feteletseng. Bakuli ba tletleba ba bokhutšoanyane kamehla hema, ka pono hlokomela ho sebetsa ha mesifa eketsehileng ka ho hema. Ha obstuchal sefubeng percussion, lebokose utloahalla auscultated.

Mekhoa ea ho phekola COPD

Sepheo se seholo sa phekolo COPD ke ho felisa lisosa tsa lefu lena le slowing khoneha ya letotong lefu. Mokuli e lokela ho ba ho ka khonehang hore ba khaotse ho tsuba, ha ho na le likotsi mosebetsing, ho fetoha ha mesebetsi. Ke bohlale ho kamehla kopanela phekolo 'meleng, ho hema tsa boitlhakiso. Ho bohlokwa haholo ho qoba sefuba. Exacerbation tšoaroa ka lithethefatsi, dilyatiruyuschimi bronchi. Tsena ke derivatives tsa tiotropium (Spiriva, Atrovent) eo e sebediswa ka foromo inhalation. Fokotsa ho ruruha le li-hormone dinama tse nyenyane tse edema (prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone). Ha tšoaetso ea baktheria retelehela ho ho sebelisa lithibela-mafu.

Expectoration tsa tlala likhohlela le thinning bakileng mucolytics.

Haeba matšoafo hloleha na le thuso Masked inhalation oksijene bo hloekileng.