Cobalt - ke elements lik'hemik'hale. Cobalt ka 'mele oa motho

Motho feela ea tloaelehileng ha amanang le k'hemistri le moriana, e le busa, e batlang li cobalt boleng bakeng sa bophelo ba bona le bophelo bo botle. Lebaka le leng leo ka lona re fumana ho le thata ho hlalosa hore na cobalt - e itsetlehe kabo tsa tlhaho. 0,004 feela% - ena ke dikahare ka karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Leha ho le joalo, tšepe le metsoako lona li sebelisoa ka mafolofolo ho indasteri, temo le meriana. Sehloohong sena, re tla atolosa pono ea karolo e phethoang ke cobalt ho indasteri e, hammoho le li bua haholo ka mesebetsi ea eona e leng 'mele oa motho.

Beha elements tsamaisong ea nako le nako

Seo sebaka ka tsamaiso ea nako le nako ae phethang cobalt? Properties likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho kopanyelletsa le tsa tšepe pele re, li itšetlehile ka boemo ba bona ka ho D. I. Mendeleeva tafole. E e sebelisoa ho sehlopha VIII (ka lekgutshwanyane tafole foromo - ka tšepe rapeloang ka boraro sehlopha VIII). Ha e le tšepe le nikele ka lona ho qetela athomo boemo ba eneji, le ke dieleketerone tse peli, e leng se bontšang hore tšepe e ba setho sa le d-likarolo le etsang qeto ea hore litšobotsi tse lona motheo. Tšepe e na le valence tse pedi - II le III. Bakeng sa eona ke e boetse e tloaelehileng ketsahalo allotropes, tšepe diphetolo ka 'na ba le dikhubu kapa hexagonal sebopeho.

cobalt ke eng?

ke thepa 'meleng elements e ke efe? Ka ponahalo ke tšepe le thatafala phahameng le thepa a khoheli a. Silevera, Sheen, ductility le mogote botsitso - mona ke tse ling tsa matšoao meleng e elements tlholeho ka hantle 'me tse ling tsa baahelani ba hae ba ka tafole nako le nako tse peli - nikele le tšepe. Ha oksijene kapa metsi ha a etse lintho ka cobalt ka mocheso tloaelehileng. metsoako ea eona, mohlala, smalt, tse tsejoang ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo e le dintho sebediswa bakeng sa mala o moputsoa khalase silafalitsoeng le taka lihlahisoa ceramic.

Cobalt - ke tšepe tloaelehileng, lik'hemik'hale tsa lona thepa tšoanang le tšepe. ke litšobotsi tsa oxides lona, makalana le matsoai eng?

Metsoako ea divalent le trivalent cobalt

bokhoni ba ho bopa letsoai rarahaneng - the karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho Co liathomo (III). dintho tsena ha boa tsitsa, ba hokahanngoe nomoro ya cobalt ka tsona kamehla lekana le tse tšeletseng. Ba na le bokgoni ba phahameng oxidative. Karolelano ea matsoai, mohlala, CoCL ₃ kapa Co ₂ (SO _{4) 3} e habonolo fetoloa letsoai eo cobalt - ena ke divalent tšepe. Anhydrous metsoako lona ba le 'mala o boputsoa,' me e bonaletsang hydrates le tharollo - pinki. Ho fapana le makalana a mang, trivalent cobalt hydroxide ke itsoara joang ka chloride e acid e bopa ya letsoai le sa metsi, 'me khethela therefrom le se nang chloride. Tšepe botlaaseng divalent ka precipitate putsoa fumanoa ka itšoara joang e tobileng ea letsoai e lekanang ka a alkali. Mona ho bath thepa ea cobalt ea molao tharollo tiileng tsa tšepe e mong le nngwe - lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.

E fana ka boitsebiso boo e ikhethang entsprechen botekgeniki ba ho hanyetsa mocheso ho phahameng, thatafala, ho hanyetsa abrasion le ts'enyeho. Lits'epe tse kopantsoeng nang cobalt li sebelisoa indastering ea tshireletso le ka lik'hemik'hale Lata thekenoloji koetsoeng sekgoqetsane. Ka ho hlahisa steels sesebelisoa, thepa le thepa a khoheli a ka dopant le boetse le sebelisoa cobalt. Bath thepa ya e joalo e motsoako tšepe e fapaneng haholo le ka limaraka tloaelehileng tsa celik, e nang feela chromium kapa nikele.

Tshebediso ya cobalt ka tsebo

Hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea tšepe tsohle ya hlahiswa ka lefatše o ea ho hlahisa cermets - thepa maiketsetso le likarolo tse ngata. tšehetso tiileng ho eona ke tungsten carbide le binder, le ho lokisa sepeiti karolo sebetsang sebakeng sa hae cobalt. Ho boetse ho na le lintho tse bonahalang mosolotogamaano bakeng sa tlhahiso ea dienjini turbine ka lifofane.

Tšepe e hloekileng e haholo ha sebelisoa, empa ho sebelisa cobalt ka motsoako le likarolo tse ling tse (tšepe, koporo, tungsten le chromium) e abuoeng ka ho liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng. Stellite motsoako nang ho fihlela ho 60% cobalt, o na le phahameng mocheso ho hanyetsa le ho thatafala, e le lintho tse bonahalang ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa thepa lisebelisoa seha le likotoana tirila ka sesebelisoa etsa. Joalo alloying likarolo ka tungsten le molybdenum, ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse lona. Vitalium motsoako le ho hanyetsa phahameng ho deformation polasetiki, e boetse e na cobalt. Bath thepa ea ho kompone e tjena: mocheso manganga le asiti manganga, le sebelisitsoe ka tlhahisong ea thepa lik'hemik'hale: tswakana litšiea, diyuniti arola. Karolo e phethoang ke lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka ho loantšeng mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ts'enyeho, likarolo joalo le mekgwa entsoe ka stellite, hanela boitšoaro bo hlephileng ka ho sisinyeha vibrational mechine le khohlano bokaholimo ka dienjini combustion e ka hare.

Mekhoa bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea cobalt

Liindasteri tse fapa-fapaneng hloka hore tšebeliso ea thepa e nang cobalt. Sena se eketsa tšepe le liminerale, e leng ho cobalt shpeysa le sephatsimisi. Sebopeho sa mafika tsena hape e kenyeletsa arsenic, ho qobella ho sebelisa tshireletso matlafatsa mosebetsing oa ho qhibilihisa. The mokhoa motheo ea ba lokisetsa ho ea cobalt - pyrometallurgy o boetse o sebelisa mokhoa bakeng sa sebetsa manya sulphate acid e. Ka ho fetisisa tsepisa a mobung ea metaborate le oxide e tšepe, pyrite le pentlandite Chaena, Russia (ho Kola Hloahloeng, Rephabliking ea Tuva 'me naha ea Krasnoyarsk), hammoho le ho Canada.

tšepe sebelisoa ka temo le meriana

Itseng thepa bohlokoa ena microelement cobalt, bebofatsa kopo ea eona, ka mohlala, ho eketseha ka lijalo vegetative boima. Ka lesere, lupine, clover le tse ling tsa bohlokoa furu joang Leguminous lelapa, ho akarelletsa le ea naetrojene fixation liphetoho enzymatic etsahala ka tsela libaktheria likotoloana. haella Micronutrient bontša matšoao a kang discoloration tsa lamina le ho lahleheloa ke matla a bona a ho photosynthesize, slowing dithulaganyo kgolo le tlōlo ea ntshetsopele potoloho eohle ea semela. Ka tsela e feteletseng cobalt dikahare khoneha ka lebaka la ho tlōla melao e etsang micronutrients. Ho tloha ka metsoako lona ke haholo qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, ba ne ba tla hang-hang kena xylem le likarolo conductive (fibrovascular mangata) oela lakane mesophyll, a etsa hore discoloration le fading. nahanela ho fetisisa ho feteletseng mosaletsa elements lijo-thollo: habore, harese, phofo, raese.

Biochemistry ea karolo e phethoang ke metsoako cobalt

Lekala ea baeloji hore o ithuta taba phelang ka phahameng ka ho ea limolek'hule le lisele, e thehile e mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa ho elements lik'hemik'hale. Ke karolo ea ho batho bao e seng protheine e le karolo ea lintho tse biologically mafolofolo nakong - enzyme le li-hormone. Mohlala, cobalt ka 'mele oa motho ke thyroxine limolek'hule tse hlahisoang ke ho thyroid tsoelesa e le tshilong ya dijo ka dithulaganyo taolo. E mong ea bohlokoa -hormone hore o laola lero la mali mali tsoekere - insulin. E secreted ke β-lisele tse sa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans ea manyeme 'me hape ba kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e cobalt komponeng. Lekaneng ho noa elements liseleng batho le litho tsa ka hare a re ka nako ya phetoho ea ho tloha ho fepa e tsoakiloeng ho vegetarianism, ha infestations sebōkō le mafu a ea tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo. Joalokaha u ka bona, Cobalt - ke mosaletsa elements, ho teba amang boemo ba homeostasis ka 'mele oa motho.

Bohlokoa ba karolo ea lik'hemik'hale e metabolism le

Mali, lesapo moko etsoa le hlaha le ho kenya letsoho ha dintho cobalt - activators fapaneng enzyme. E mong oa divithamini kgolo B - tsiankobolamin (V _12), e sebetsang ka ho sebopeho sa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho litho tsa hematopoietic, ho sireletsa khahlanong le khaello ea mali. E nepahetseng 'me e leka-lekaneng lijo se se akaretsang sebete, nama ea khomo, lijo tse tsoang leoatleng, apricots, beet, e tla fana ka boemo hlokahalang ea cobalt ka' mele oa motho (hoo e ka bang 40 mg, ka letsatsi), le tla thibela e tsoa ho e mafu a litsamaiso boitshireletso, la pelo le endocrine.