Bronchiectasis

bronchiectasis, matšoao lefu ke eng le litaba tse ling li tla tšohloa sehloohong sena. Bronchiectasis bolela ho ba teng ha ka matšoafo bronchiectasis (pathologically fetoloa le ntlafatsoa mahareng le bronchi nyenyane). Extending, ka mokgwa ba tšoana diselennere. Ka fetoloang sefate bronchial ke hoo e ka bang kamehla ho hlahisa e elements ea ho ruruha. Tsela pathological hangata localized ka lobes bohareng le e ka tlaase ea matšoafo a ka.

Bronchiectasis ke phello e qetellong ea congenital anomaly dibopeho bronchial (bronchial hloleha lefufuru dinama tse nyenyane tse fibrosis, lefu Kartagener ya), matla serame sa matšoafo kapa la bronchitis hore ile ra isoa bongoaneng pele. Sesosa sa lefu lena ka ba fokotseha ka sireletsa itsoara joang ka tsa sefate bronchial le boitshireletso ba mmele (ea gamma globulin khaello le mosebetsi phagocytic et al a.), Hammoho le ba bang ka mokgwa e mpe ea lefu lena.

Bronchiectasis tsa tlhaho e ka 'na sa mathomo kapa se mahareng. Sesosa sa deformation mathomo bronchial hangata congenital sekoli dinama tse nyenyane tse ntshetsopeleng e tlisoang ka thickening ea lera la bronchial. Ntho e sa tloaelehang le hlaha sekhohlela sebakeng seo 'me, ka lebaka leo, ho kopanela tshwaetso mahareng. deformation mahareng le hlaha ka lebaka la ho tšitiso leha e le efe bronchial drainage mosebetsi (mesebetsing kapa manyolo). Boteng ba ho ruruha kamehla foleng bakang scarring tsa marako bronchial.

Bronchiectasis bone khohlela khafetsa le expectoration tsa purulent sekhohlela. Ka linako tse ling batho ba baholo bronchiectasis ntle exacerbation etsahala hemoptysis. U ka mamela phefumoloho thata ha wheezing exacerbation mongobo tlhaho. Ka lebaka la ho ba futsanehileng e phapanyetsano khase leboteng matšoafo, ba ba le mamello e hypoxia kamehla. E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse lona ke ponahatso Link ya phetoho ea menoana ea ka drumsticks , le poleiti Nail. Ba tšoana le hora khalase.

tepelletse maikutlong le thusa ho hlahloba mokuli, bokella ditletlebo. Ka sefubeng X-ray paterone tse bonahalang cylindrical cavity, matšoafo atelectasis le phokotso ka seemo. Nakong exacerbation ea dinama tse nyenyane tse bonahalang khukhuneloa. Morao-rao mekhoa tekotshupo dumella ho ka tsela e nepahetseng beha moo lefu lena le tshebetso pathological. mekhoa ena e kenyeletsa ya khomphuta ya hao tomography, phetha bronhografii ka lehlakoreng le leng. E sebelisoa ho hlakisa ho ata tsa tshebetso le beha maqiti ea phekolo ea meriana kapa ho buoa.

Bronchiectasis, kalafo le ho fola ha lefu lena

Phekolo e itšetlehile ka ho ata ea ho ho kula, maqhubu le ho tiea tsa exacerbations. Ka morero oa ho kalafo ya bongaka ho normalize kapa ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi drainage. Ho etsa sena, sebelisa bronchodilators. Ba fana ka o potlakang dilatation e le hantle, ho felisa wheezing le asma e hlasela, normalizing khase phapanyetsano. Bronchodilators sebelisoa ka mokgwa wa aerosols bakeng inhalation. Ea khethiloeng ke lithethefatsi le expectorant. Mokuli ke habohlokoa ho qoba hypothermia, meroalo e boima, ho pepesehela allergens le tšoaetso ea. Ntle le exacerbation e tlamang ho khanna ho hema tsa boitlhakiso. Ho na le sete ya dira dithutiso tse matlafatsang 'mele, mesifa ea matšoafo, ntlafatsa ajoa ka likopi mali le activates metabolism. Sililoa sefubeng le ho phaphatha (postural drainage) kgothaletsa molemo drainage. Nakong exacerbation thata ho sebetsa sekhohlela bronchial tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere sebelisa bronchoscope. Exacerbations ba tšoaroa ka sepetlele.
Ha diso e pharaletseng ea likarolo tse ngata kapa ho arolelanoa, hypoxia, kalafo ho buoa e bontša. E boetse e etsoa ka bronchiectasis fokolang le monyenyane.

Lefu lena le e, ka kalafo e nepahetseng, ho sebetsa ka nako e loketseng le ho ya tlhabollong ya cavities ho, maemong a mangata, se na le itse'ng tšoanelang.