Boko cerebellum. Sebopeho le mosebetsi wa cerebellum ho

Cerebellum ( "tse nyenyane boko") ke sebopeho e ka karolo ka morao ea boko e ka tlaase ea e cortex occipital le lobe ya ntango. Leha ho cerebellum le hoo e ka bang 10% ea bophahamo ba modumo boko, ho na le tse fetang 50% ea palo ea methapo ea kutlo ka hare ho eona.

E nako e telele e lumela cerebellum dilenaneo batho sebopeho, hobane e etsa hore senya impairments tšebelisano, ho leka-lekana ea 'mele.

palo tse ka holimo e bontša bokong. cerebellum e bontšoa ke 'motsu.

Mona 's seo boko tse nyenyane karolong sefapano.

The cerebellum ke boko o etsa mesebetsi e latelang.

Ho boloka ho leka-lekana 'me mele

The cerebellum ke ea bohlokoa haholo ho ho boloka ho leka-lekana ka 'mele oa motho. Ho fumana ya data ho tswa ho receptors skeletal le proprioceptive, ebe modulates litaelo ho methapo ea kutlo dilenaneo joalokaha eka ke ho lemosa ea liphetoho 'meleng boemo ba kapa mojaro ka tsela e feteletseng ka mesifa ena. Batho ba nang le cerebellum senyehileng le bothata ba ho lefu la ho leka-lekana.

tšebelisano ea mekhatlo

mekhatlo 'mele ho fetisisa e amanang le lihlopha tse' maloa tse sa tšoaneng tsa mesifa hore sebelisana 'moho. Ho cerebellum o ikarabella ho hokahanya mekhatlo e 'mele ea rona.

ho ithuta dilenaneo

The cerebellum ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fana ka koetliso ea rōna. E phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho tlwaetsa le phetoho ya mananeo dilenaneo ho etsa motsamao nepahetseng ka tshebetso ya teko le phoso (ka mohlala, ho fana ka koetliso ea baseball le lipapali tse ling tse hlokang hore motsamao oa 'mele).

dithulaganyo dikopanothutano (dikopanothutano)

Leha cerebellum e ka ho fetisisa ho nkoa ka ho ya ka menehelo ea lona ho sesebediswa tshisinyo taolo, e boetse e akarelletsa mesebetsi e itseng dikopanothutano, tse kang puo. Tsena mesebetsi ya cerebellum ea boko ha e e-s'o ile a ithuta hantle ka ho lekaneng hore ba ka re bolella ho eketsehileng.

Kahoo, cerebellum e histori nkoa e le karolo ea tsamaiso ea enjene, empa mosebetsi lona ha fella moo.

Sebōpeho sa cerebellum ho

Ho na le likarolo tse peli tse ka sehloohong tse amanang ke sebōkō (lipakeng libaka). likarolo tsena tse peli tse tletseng ntho e tšoeu, a tlotsitsoeng le mokato tšesaane tsa cortical bohlooho taba (cerebellar cortex). Hape ka taba e tšoeu ea ho ba teng ha lihlopha tse nyenyane tsa taba ea bohlooho - the khenele. Ka bohale ba sebōkō ke sekhechana tse nyenyane - the tonsils cerebellar. Ho kopanelang papaling ea ho ka tšebelisano ea mekhatlo, ho thusa ho boloka ho leka-lekana. Re fana ka hlahlobisiseng sebōpeho sa cerebellum ena.

The cerebellum e arotsoe likarolo tse ngata tse nyenyane, e mong le e ba tse nang le lebitso la lona, empa sehloohong se tla tšohla feela karolo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa.

palo eo e bontša cerebellum. linomoro tsena li bua ka ea Lefatše cerebellar le ho feta:

1 - anterior lobe; 2 - the midbrain; 3 - pons; 4 - Klochkova-nodular bolelelane; 5 - posterolateral khoa; 6 - the kamorao lobe.

Figures tsamaisana:

1 - cerebellar vermis; 2 - the anterior lobe; 3 - Main khoa; 4 - Lefatše; 5 - posterolateral khoa; 6 - Klochkova-nodular bolelelane; 7 - the kamorao lobe.

karolo ea cerebellum ho

Tse pedi mapetsong kgolo mathang mediolaterally, cerebellar cortex e arotsoe ka likarolo tse tharo. Posterolateral lepetsong arola Klotchkov-nodular karoloana ea boko ea 'mele, le mapetso ka sehloohong arola' mele bokong ka anterior le kamorao lobe.

Boko Cerebellum sagittally hape arotsoe ka likarolo tse tharo - ea hemispheres pedi arohane le karolelano (sebōkō). The sebōkō ke sebaka lipakeng pakeng tsa hemispheres tse peli (hlakile meeli morphological pakeng tsa sebaka se lipakeng 'me ha ho hemispheres lateral, cerebellum amygdala e pakeng tsa sebōkō le hemispheres).

nuclei cerebellar

All cerebellum matšoao boko fetisetsa ka thuso ea tse tebileng nuclei cerebellar. Kahoo, tshenyo ho nuclei cerebellar o na le le phello e tšoanang le ea tšenyo palo yohle ka kaofela cerebellum ena. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea cores:

1. The nuclei oa tente - ka ho fetisisa medially teng khubung tsa cerebellum ena. Ba fumana matšoao tloha afferents (methapo ea kutlo litakatso) ya cerebellum e, skeletal microcyteme, somatosensoriske, utluwang, 'me tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le bonwang. Localized haholo-holo ka taba tšoeu tsa sebōkō sa.
2. Next pono cerebellar nuclei kenyeletsa mefuta e 'meli feela ea cores - chitja le probkovidnye. Ba ile ba boela fumana matšoao ho tloha e le zounu lipakeng (sebōkō) le afferents cerebellum hore tsoele morao, somatosensoriske, utluwang, 'me tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le bonwang.
3. khubu Dentate ke kholo ka ho fetisisa ka cerebellum le ba o ile a lokisetsa ka lehlakoreng la mofuta fetileng. Ba fumana matšoao tloha hemispheres lehlakoreng le cerebellum afferents hore tsoele tlhahisoleseding ho tswa ho cortex bokong (a nuclei boko ka tsela borokho).
4. nuclei skeletal ke keng cerebellum, e le medulla oblongata. ha ba ka hoo tieo nuclei ba cerebellum, empa li nkoa ho ba ka tshebediso lekanang le a ho nuclei tsena, hobane mehaho e bona ke le tsoanang. nuclei skeletal fumana matšoao ho tloha nodular Klotchkov-karoloana le ho tswa labyrinth skeletal.

Ho phaella ho ka matshwao a medumo tsena, cores tsohle le likarolong tsohle tsa cerebellum ho fumana e khethehileng le botsitso tse teng sa mohloaare tlaasana tsa medulla oblongata.

Qaqisa hore anatomic sebakeng cerebellar nuclei tsamaisana libakeng tsa cortex, ho tloha moo ba fumana matšoao. Kahoo, ea mantlha bohareng tšekamelo Shart linaoa a fumana ho tswa ho sebōkō teng mahareng; probkovidnye lehlakoreng le nuclei chitja fumana tlhahisoleseding ho tswa lehlakoreng la ea libaka lipakeng (sa sebōkō tšoanang); le ea mantlha ho fetisisa ea Gear lehlakoreng fumana matšoao ho e mong kapa ea Lefatše tse ling tsa cerebellum ena.

Meomo ea cerebellum ho

Information ho nuclei le nuclei ba cerebellum e fetisoa ka tsela maoto le. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli tsa litsela tsa - afferent le efferent (il'o cerebellum le ka, ka ho latellana).

1. Lower cerebellar leoto (eo hape a bitsoang thapo 'mele) kenyelletsa ditokiseletso haholo-holo le likhoele afferent tswa medulla oblongata, le efferents skeletal nuclei.
2. Karolelano ea cerebellar leoto (kapa ka mahetla borokho) haholo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso afferents tswa nuclei ba pons ena.
3. Outer cerebellar maoto (kapa coupling mahetla) haholo-holo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso likhoele efferent tswa nuclei cerebellar 'me ba bang likhoele afferent pampitšaneng spinocerebellar.

Kahoo, boitsebiso bo cerebellum sa a tšoaetsanoang ka haholo-holo ka e ka tlaase le cerebellar bohareng peduncle, le cerebellum ba a tšoaetsanoang ka ho khetheha ka ho e ka holimo leoto cerebellar.

Ho na le ba bontša ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane e le karolo ea cerebellum ena. Figure hapa esita le sebōpeho sa boko, ka ho toba ho feta, sebōpeho sa midbrain ena. Numbers:

1 - tente khubung; 2 - le probkovidnye chitja konokono; 3 - dentate khubung; 4 - grubokie cerebellar nuclei; 5 - le colliculus phahametse tsa midbrain; 6 - tlaase bigeminum; 7 - e ka holimo seile boko; 8 - e ka holimo leoto cerebellar; 9 - bohareng cerebellar peduncle; 10 - tlaasana cerebellar leoto; 11 - tubercle tšesaane konokono; 12 - mokoallo; 13 - tlase ya ventricle bone.

Cerebellar diyuniti tshebetso

diyuniti Anatomical hlalositsoeng ka holimo, tsamaisana le tse tharo diyuniti kgolo tshebetso ya cerebellum ena.

Arhitserebellum (vestibulotserebellum). Karolo ena e kenyelletsa bolelelane Klochkova-nodular le kamano ea sona le ho lateral nuclei skeletal. The phylogeny vestibulotserebellum ke karolo e moholo ea cerebellum ena.

Paleotserebellum (spinotserebellum). Ho akarelletsa ho ea le zounu lipakeng tsa cortex cerebellar le motheo oa tente, 'me probkovidnye chitja liboto. Seo re ka utloisisa ho tswa lebitso, e fumaneng ka matshwao a medumo tsa motheo pampitšaneng spinocerebellar. O kopanelang papaling ea ho ea ikopanya oa boitsebiso kutlo ho litaelo enjene, ho etsa tlwaetsa hokahanngoe tsa likoloi.

Neotserebellum (pontotserebellum). Neotserebellum ke kholo ka ho fetisisa tshebetso karolo se se akaretsang lateral cerebellar ea Lefatše le dentate khubu. Lebitso la eona le tsoa dikgokelo a pharaletseng a le cortex bokong ka tsela e nuclei ba borokho (afferents) le ventrolateral thalamus (efferents). O 'nile a ameha ka thero ea nako ho tsamaea. Ho phaella moo, karolo ena e akarelletsa ka mosebetsi dikopanothutano tsa boko cerebellum.

Sobotta ya cortex cerebellar

Makhapetla ea cerebellum e arotsoe ka le dikarolo tse tharo. Lera ka hare, granular, entsoe ka 5: x 1010 nyane, lisele tse ka thata-thata amanang ka mokgwa wa granules. Lera bohareng, Purkinje seleng ea lera comprised ba e mong oa a 'maloa a kgolo liseleng. Lera ka ntle, le limolek'hule entsoe ka axons le dendrites ea lisele granule ea lisele Purkinje le mefuta e meng 'maloa ke le seleng. Purkinje seleng ea lera bopa moeli pakeng tsa granular le dikarolo ea limolek'hule.

Granule liseleng. le monyenyane haholo, nang tletse methapo ea kutlo. Cerebellar lisele tse granule ikarabella ka fetang halofo ea methapo ea kutlo ho pholletsa le bokong. lisele tse tsena fumana tlhahisoleseding ho tswa likhoele Mossy le Project ho lisele Purkinje.

Purkinje liseleng. Ba e mong oa mefuta e hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa lisele tsa boko mammalian. Ba theha e kholo Fan dendrites khabeloa se makala a dithulaganyo. Hoa hlokomeleha hore ho ke ke hoo e ka bang tse peli-tlhakore dendritic sefate. Ho phaella moo, lisele tsohle Purkinje ba sekametseng ho e tšoanang. sesebediswa sena e na le nahanelwa bohlokoa tshebetso.

mefuta e meng ea lisele tse. , Ho phaella ho le mefuta e ka sehloohong (granular le lisele tse Purkinje) cerebellar cortex boetse e na le mefuta e interneurons tse sa tšoaneng ho akarelletsa le Golgi seleng ea korzinchatuyu le lisele tse stellate.

a bontsa ho

Ka cortex cerebellar ke batlang e le bonolo, stereotyped paterone ke pontšo phetiso bokhoni, lintho tseo ke e tšoanang ho pholletsa le cerebellum kaofela. lesedi ho kena ho cerebellum e ka ho phethahatsoa ka litsela tse peli:

1. Mossy faeba hlahiswa ka nuclei ba borokho, thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, brainstem le nuclei skeletal, ba fetisetsa matšoao nuclei cerebellar le lisele tse granular ka cortex cerebellar. Ba ba bitsoa likhoele Mossy ka lebaka la ponahalo ea "tufted" a kopana bona le lisele tse granular. E mong le e faeba Mossy innervates makholo a lisele tse granulosa. lisele tse Granular romela axons holimo nģ'a holim makhapetla. E mong le e axon makala ka lera ea limolek'hule ka ho romela ka matshwao a medumo ka litaelo tse sa tšoaneng. matšoao ana a ka sebelisoa masela a, e leng ba bitsoa e tšoanang hobane ba matha e tšoanang le ho pleats ya cortex cerebellar, ka tsela e etsang synapses le lisele tse Purkinje. E mong le e faeba e tšoanang le tabeng ea ho kopana le tse makholo ea lisele Purkinje.
2. LAZ likhoele hlahiswa feela ka sa mohloaare tlaasana le fetisetsa linaoa cerebellar nuclei le lisele tse Purkinje ka cortex cerebellar. Ba ba bitsoa ho hloa ka lebaka la ho hlaha ha axon le thatela ho pota dendrites ea lisele Purkinje - tšoana le ho hloa sefate sa morara. Sele ka 'ngoe Purkinje fumana feela e tšusumetso e tsoang ho matla ka ho fetisisa ho hloa ho tloha faeba e le' ngoe. Ho fapana le likhoele Mossy le likhoele tšoanang le eo, e mong le e faeba buisana le manhole 10 Purkinje lisele tse bohareng, e etsa hore synapses le hoo e ka bang 300 ea e mong le e seleng.

Purkinje seleng e ke mohloli feela oa phetiso tlhahisoleseding ho tswa ho cortex cerebellar (hlokomele phapang pakeng tsa lisele tsa Purkinje, e fetisetsa matšoao tswa cortex ea cerebellum le cerebellar nuclei, e fana ka boitsebiso bohle ho tloha cerebellum le).

Hona joale u na le khopolo ea hore na boko ba cerebellum. mosebetsi oa eona 'mele ke hlile bohlokoa haholo. Probably mong le e mong ka boeona e ne e le boemong ba tsa botahoa? Ho joalo, ho noa joala e le matla e le hantle ka ho lekaneng ka lisele tsa tsona li Purkinje, e leng na ke hobane'ng ha e le hantle, motho ea sa lahleheloang ke ho leka-lekana ea hae 'me se khona ho fallela ka tloaelo nakong botahoa joala.

Esita le ho tloha hona re ka etsa qeto ea hore e cerebellum kgolo (eo ae phethang ka bang 10% ea boima palo yohle boko) phethahatsa karolo e khōlō ea 'mele oa motho.