Boemo ba libaka tsa Russia. Boemo libaka tsa Russia, sebaka sebakeng seo, le lintlha tse feteletseng

Russia - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa naha lefatšeng. Seo tšimong ea eona ae phethang? ke litšobotsi khōlō ea geopolitical le a moruo le a libaka boemong ba Russia ke efe?

lesedi tsa motheo ka Russia

Morao-rao Russia boemo hlaha 'mapa lefatše feela ka 1991. Leha qaleho ea statehood lona ho ile ha hlaha khale pele ho moo - ka motso lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng.

Morao-rao Russia - e-ba rephabliki ea mofuta ka 'muso. Ho na le 85 bafo, e fapaneng ka boholo le ka baahi. Russia - boemong merabe e fapaneng, e leng lehae la ho lihlopha tse fetang makholo a mabeli tsa merabe.

Naheng ena ho na kholo ka ho fetisisa a lefatše a rekisetsa tse ding tsa oli, khase, litaemane, polatinamo le thaethaniamo. Ho boetse ho na le e mong oa baeta-pele ba lefatše ka tlhahiso ea ammonia, menontsha le libetsa. Russian Federation - e mong oa sebaka pele le matla a ho ea nyutlelie ea lefatše.

ke likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa seo sebaka Russia libaka? Sena se tla tšohloa ka ho eketsehileng.

Boemo libaka tsa Russia: tšimo, sebakeng seo, palo ea baahi le endpoints

Naha ae phethang e le sebaka se seholo se ba limithara tse lisekoere milione 17,1. km SE (sebaka sa pele ya ka dipehelo tsa sebakeng seo ka lefatše). Ho otlolla bakeng sa km likete tse leshome ho tloha lebōpong la Leoatle le Letšo le Baltic Sea ka bophirimela ho Bering Strait ka bochabela. Bolelele ba naha ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka bochabela ke 4000 km SE.

Ea lipheletsong tsa tšimo ea Russia e latelang (kaofela ha bona ba bonahatsa matšoao khubelu tloaelehileng 'mapeng ka tlase):

• Northern - Cape Fligely (ka mefuta e fapaneng ya Franz-Joseph);
• boroa - haufi le thaba Kichensuv (ka Dagestan);
• West - ka Vistula tšoela (Kaliningrad Region);
• Bochabela - Ratmanova Island (Bering Strait).

Russia meeli ka 14 ikemetseng e re, hammoho le tse peli e re mokhoa o sa fellang o ile a hlokomela (Abkhazia le South Ossetia). A e le hantle batla ho tseba: ka 75% ea tšimo e sebakeng Asia, empa ka lapeng lona European hoo e ka bang 80% ea Russia. Kakaretso ea baahi ba Russia: ba ka bang limilione 147 batho ba (ka la January 1, 2017 |).

boemo ba libaka Russia

tšimo eo eohle ea Russia teng hara Northern Lefatše le hoo e ka bang tsohle (ntle le bakeng sa karolo e nyenyane ea Chukchi ikemetseng ka Setereke) - ka hara Bochabela ea Lefatše. mmuso e teng ka Eurasia ka leboea le e bohareng le e koahela hoo e ka bang 30% ea Asia.

E lebōpong ka leboea ho Russia e hlatsoa ke Leoatle la Leoatle la Arctic le ka bochabela - ba Pacific. Karolong e ka bophirimela ho na le sehokelo ho Leoatle le Letšo, bo lokela ho lebisoa ho Leoatle la Atlantic beisine. Naha e na le telele ka ho fetisisa har'a linaha tsohle tsa bolelele lefatšeng lebōpo - km fetang 37 tse sekete. Tsena ke lintho tse hlahang ka sehloohong la boemo ba 'mele le libaka tsa Russia.

Naha e na le esita le boleng haholo le mefuta-futa e ya bokgoni ba lihloluoeng. Ka libaka tsa lona tse bulehileng ruileng oli le khase, manya a tšepe, thaethaniamo, thini, nikele, koporo, uraniamo, khauta le daemane. Russia hape e na le e khōlō ka metsi le moru mehlodi ya. Ka ho khetheha, lifate koahetsoeng ka bang 45% ea sebakeng seo eona.

Ho ikhethang le litšobotsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa boemo ba 'mele le libaka tsa Russia. Ho joalo, boholo ba naha e teng ka leboea ho likhato tse 60 ka leboea bolokolohi, ka libaka tsa permafrost. 'Me ho maemo a thata a klimate, ba tlameha ho phela ka ho batho ba limilione. All sena, ya e le hantle, setseng letšoao lona ka bophelo, setso le lineano tsa batho ba Russia.

Russia e ka seo ho thoeng ke temo kotsi. Sena se bolela hore tsoelo-pele le atlehileng. oa temo karolong e khōlō ea ho thata kapa ha ho khonehe. Kahoo, ka likarolo tse e ka leboea ea naha ha e mocheso lekane, ka boroa, ho fapana le hoo, ho na le khaello ea metsi. Tsena litšobotsi tsa boemo libaka tsa Russia ama haholo ka lefapha la ea temo ea moruo, e leng se hlokang maqakabetsing ya go tlamelwa ka madi muso.

Dikarolo le maemo la maemo a moruo le libaka tsa naha

Tlas'a maemo a moruo 'me libaka (EGP) tsa naha kapa sebakeng ho utloisisa bothe tsa dikgokelo le likamano tsa likhoebo motho, metsana le libakeng tse ka dintho tse teng kantle ho naha le ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ka eona.

Bo-rasaense ba khetholla dikarolo tse latelang tsa EGP ho:

• ho tsamaisa;
• liindasteri;
• agrogeograficheskoe;
• babapatsi;
• boithabiso;
• maraka (boemong ba mabapi le limmarakeng).

Hlahlobo ya e leng naha kapa sebakeng EGP phethahatsoa ka maemo a mararo a fapaneng: dikokwanyana, meso 'me boemo ba macro. Ka mor'a moo, re tla hlahloba macrolocation Russia kamanong le linaha tse ling ka kakaretso.

Haholo-holo liphetoho la boemo ba moruo le libaka tsa Russia

Le boholo ba le sebaka seo ho - the karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa le ho rua molemo ka boemo ba moruo le libaka tsa Russia, e leng le amahanngoa le e ngata litebello. E lumella naha ho fana ka bokgoni karohano oa mosebetsi o boima, ho ke ke e bohlale ho beha mabotho a bona e behang, joalo-joalo, Russia meeli le linaheng tse leshome le metso e mene la Eurasia, ho akarelletsa - .. Strong botlaaseng thepa of China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. Tse ngata corridors lipalangoang netefatsa tšebelisano e haufi le linaha tsa Bophirimela le Europe Bohareng.

Mona, mohlomong, likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa sebakeng Russia libaka tsa tlhaho tsa moruo. Ke kamoo ho fetoha ka lilemo tse mashome tsa morao tjena? Le fetola joang?

Ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR maemo a moruo le libaka tsa naha e se e ntse bo mpefala. 'Me ka holim'a ho tsamaisa tsohle. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, Russia e phihlelo libakeng maqiti bohlokoa ho Leoatle le Letšo le Baltic Sea ka bo-1990, mathoasong a le felle haholo, 'me km naha' maloa makholo a hōle le linaha haholo ntshetswa pele ea Europe. Ho phaella moo, Russia e lahlehileng e ngata limmaraka tsa setso.

The geopolitical boemo ba Russia

boemo ba Geopolitical - sena ke sebaka naheng ka lefatše lebaleng la boithabiso lipolotiki, likamano tsa lona le re tse ling. Ka kakaretso, Russia e na le menyetla se pharaletseng ha tšebelisano-'moho ea moruo, ea lipolotiki, ea sesole, tsa saense le tsa setso le linaha tse ngata tsa Eurasia le lefatše.

Leha ho le joalo, ha e re tsohle, likamano tsena tse ntseng li hōla moruong hantle. Kahoo, lilemong tsa morao tjena li haholo fokola likamano pakeng tsa Russia le linaheng tse ngata NATO - Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, bao le kileng la a entse selekane le haufi tsa Soviet Union. ntlha ena, ka tsela eo, e bitsoang kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia geopolitical hlōloa lekholong la ncha.

Rarahaneng le ho ena le ho lula le mathata likamano Russia e le a 'maloa a lirephabliki Union ea mehleng: Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, linaha tsa sebakeng la Baltic. Taba ea bohlokoa ke a fetola boemo ba geopolitical ea naha ka 2014 le kamohelo ea Crimean hloahloeng (ka ho khetheha ka sebakeng Black Sea).

Liphetoho ka boemo geopolitical tsa Russia a lekholo la mashome a mabeli

Ha re nahana ka lilemo tse lekholo li mashome a mabeli, le rearrangement fetisisa bonahalang ba mabotho lipolotiking European le lefatše e hlahile ka 1991. Ho putlama ha USSR boemo e matla se ile sa etsa hore a letoto la liphetoho tse ka sehloohong ka boemo geopolitical Russia:

• hammoho pherimitha ya Russia hlaha fetang dozen e monyenyane le e ikemetseng e re eo e ne e ho hlokahala hore ho theha mofuta o mocha oa kamano ea;
• ho ba teng ha Soviet sesole e ile ea qetella liquidated a 'maloa a Bochabela le Central Europe;
• Russia o ile a fumana ka sebopeho ke mathata le ba tlokotsing enclave - sebakeng sa Kaliningrad;
• NATO bloc sesole butle-butle atamela ka kotloloho ho meeli ea Serussia.

Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng re thehile ka toka le matla 'me baa le molemo likamano pakeng tsa Russia le Jeremane, Chaena, Japane, India.

Ka fihlela qeto ena: Russia ka lefatše la kajeno

Russia ae phethang tšimo e khōlō hakaalo, ena batho haholo le bokgoni ba lihloluoeng. Kajeno e le naha khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le sebapali kgolo ka lebaleng la boithabiso lefatšeng ka bophara. U ka totobatsa litšobotsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sebakeng Russia libaka, mona ba:

1. The boholo ba sebaka hapa le bolelele haholo ea meeli.
2. E fapa-fapaneng e hlollang ea maemo a tlhaho le mehlodi ya thuso.
3. Oa Moshe (bao e seng tshwano) ea ho fedisa le ntshetsopele ya moruo ya tšimong eo.
4. Menyetla ea khoebo, le tšebelisano-'moho sesole le ba lipolotiki ba ka re tse sa tšoaneng tsa boahelani, ho akarelletsa le moruo tse khōlō tsa lefatše kajeno.
5. Impermanence le ho se tsitse ha boemo bo geopolitical ea naha ka lebaka la ho lilemo tse mashome tse fetileng.

boemo ba libaka Russia fapana chelete e ngata ka ho fetisisa. Empa melemo e tsena (tsa tlhaho, taba tsa moruo, mosolotogamaano le geopolitical), ke habohlokoa ho ithuta ho ka nepo le ka tsela e atlehileng li sebelisa, ao tataisa bona ho eketsa matla a naha le boiketlo ba baahi ba oona.