Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni. Komiti ea National Anti-likhukhuni

Bokhukhuni kajeno e se e le sechaba le tsa lipolotiki bothata palo le mong, hobane sekala lona ba le kannete lefatše bohlokoa. Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni bo entse sohle se matleng a ho qoba liphello tse kotsi le tsejoa esale pele, e leng ba se ba ntse nang botho.

ntle ho meeli

Bokhukhuni - le kotsi ho tshireletso ho pholletsa le lefatše, linaha tsohle le baahi bohle ba lule ho 'ona, ke ho lahleheloa ke moruo le lipolotiki, ke e kholo ea kelello hatella batho. Swipe banditry mehleng ea kajeno e le bophara ba hore ho na le ha ho na le meeli ho eena.

ka puso motho khahlanong le bokhukhuni eng? tlhaku lona machaba o bitsetsa a arabela, ho haha tsamaiso eohle ho loantša. Seo ke sona seo e noa Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni. Qala ho ea liphihlelo tsa hae ka tekanyo e machaba le Federation Russia, kahoo ho na le e ne e le potso mabapi le ho kenya letsoho ha sesole lona esita le ka ntle ho libaka tsa naha.

Countering matla a tšabo

Makhotla a ba boholong 'me mebuso ea moo ba khanna mosebetsi hourly weather falimehile ho netefatsa polokeho ya baahi. Mekhoa ea ho loantša bokhukhuni ka hare ho Russia, se latelang.

1. Thibelo: thibela litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni ka ho hlwaya le ho felisa lintho tse bakelang le maemo a neng a kenya letsoho hore ho liketso tsa tšabo.
2. Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni e lokela ho ba ketane ea bonoa, thibelo, hatelloang, phumano le ho dipatlisiso ka mong lekhetlo le joalo.
3. Liphello tsa ho liketso tsa e 'ngoe ea tšabo li fokotsa le felisitsoe.

molao oa 'muso

Ka Countering ka molao o ile a re March 6, 2006. Tlas'a molao Federal, Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni ka sebelisa hlometseng Makhotla. Bontšitsoeng maemo latelang tšebeliso ea Makhotla e hlometseng.

1. Re bo loantša Sefofane sefofaneng efe kapa efe a ile a koetela ke likhukhuni kapa sebediswa bakeng sa litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni.
2. Hatelloang ba ketso tsa bokhukhuni ka paballo ya naha leoatle la Federation ea Russia 'me ka metsi ka hare ho naha, ka Sepheo e' ngoe ea mosebetsi ka maoatle, tse teng ka raka, athe ea le k'honthinente, e leng ba sebakeng Russia, ho etsa bonnete ba tshebetso sireletsehileng tsa thomello.
3. Russia ho loantša bokhukhuni kopanela tshebetso counterterrorism, jwalo ka ha o Molao joale Federal.
4. Ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni machaba ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea tšimo Russia Federation.

Hatelloang ea bokhukhuni moeeng

Mabothong a hlometseng a ka sebelisa thepa sesole le libetsa ho latela liketso normative molao ea Federation ea Russia ho felisa tšokelo kapa hatelloang tsa ketso e likhukhuni. Ha sefofane se le ha e arabela lintlha fatše thehiloeng tlhokomelo le matšoao a mang ao lifofane ea Russia ho khaoletsa kapa hana ho mamela, ntle le ho fana lebaka leha e le efe, ea Russia hlometseng Makhotla a hatella sefofane sejana, ho sebelisa thepa ea sesole le libetsa, qobella e le naha. Tabeng ea batho bao e seng ho latelwa le kotsi ea tlholeho tlokotsi kapa lefu sefofane sejana e hatella ke timetso.

Hatelloang ea bokhukhuni holim'a metsi

metsi ka hare, ea sebaka leoatle le lona raka, athe kontinenteng le naha indasteri ea likepe e name (ho akarelletsa le scuba) tsa Makhotla e hlometseng le bona ba na le ho sireletsa, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e ka holimo ea ho loantša bokhukhuni. Ha leoatle kapa noka sesa libaka tsa ha ho arabela litaelo le matšoao ho emisa ditlolo tsa melao bakeng sa tshebediso ya sebaka metsi a Federation ea Russia le tikoloho ka tlas'a metsi kapa ho ba hana ho mamela, libetsa tsa likepe tsa ntoa le lifofane mabothong a hlometseng sebediswa bakeng sa qobelloa ho emisa libaka tsa ho sesa le ho tlosa tšokelo ea tlhaselo ea likhukhuni, esita le ka ho la hae timetso. Thibela ho lahleheloa ke bophelo kapa tlokotsi tikoloho tlameha ho sebelisa mehato efe kapa efe ho loantša bokhukhuni.

Counterinsurgency hare le kantle

Normative liketso molao ea Federation Russia beha qeto ya Mopresidente le Russia ka tlisa diyuniti la sesole la Makhotla le hlometseng ho ba le seabo opereishene-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni. diyuniti sesole, likarohano le tlohang hlometseng Makhotla a sebelisa thepa ea sesole, ho bolela e khethehileng le libetsa. Ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni machaba ke amanang le Makhotla a ba Federation Russia hlometseng o tla lokela ho sebelisoa ho latela litumellano machaba tsa Serussia Federation, sena Law Federal kapa le ho sebelisa ha libetsa ho tloha naheng ea Federation Russia khahlanong le makalana bokhukhuni kapa ka ntle ho tsa Serussia Federation tsa batho ka bomong, hammoho le le ho sebelisa ha Makhotla a ka a hlometseng ka ntle ho naha. Kaofela liqeto tsena tse entsoeng ka ho toba ke Mopresidente, hona joale Putin.

Ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni - mosebetsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng la kajeno, 'me ke eena ea ikarabellang haholo. Ka lebaka leo, palo ea sebopeho sa makhotla a hlometseng, le libakeng tseo ho tsona e tla sebetsa, le mathata a eona a tobaneng, bolelele ba lula ka ntle ho Russia Federation le litaba tse ling tse amanang le ho sebadi-bokhukhuni ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea Federation ea Russia, le eena o khetha ho ba le Mopresidente wa. Molao oa 'muso ka ho loantša Bokhukhuni bolela tokisetso eo ka thoko. diyuniti sesole, e fetela ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea Russia, bopilwe servicemen konteraka ba undergone pele ho dulang fuoa koetliso e khethehileng, 'me ha thehoa feela motheong ea boithaopo.

tshireletso ea sechaba

Bokhukhuni ka hlahisoa e le mekhatlo le lihlopha, le batho ka bomong. Russia National Security Strategy ho fihlela 2020 le akarelletsa liponahatso kaofela mosebetsi likhukhuni. Dikamano e ka ba ka morero ofe kapa ofe - ho tloha phetoho forcible ea tsamaiso ea molao oa motheo oa Federation ea Russia le disorganization la ea ka tšebetso ea mmuso. matla a ho timetsoa ha indasteri le sesole libaka, hammoho le ditheo le likhoebo, e fana ka mekhoa ea boipheliso ea baahi, 'me ho tšosa sechaba ho sebelisoa ha libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa tsa nyutlelie.

Ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni e na le ka 'nete ea hore ho na le ho na tiisetso ya ho tsohle dibopeho tsa sechaba le naha ka boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ba ho loantša ketsahalo ena e kotsi. Ho na le ke ke la khona ho katleho thusa litsi efe kapa efe ka ho khetheha ba bōptjoa counterterrorism, esita le mekhatlo ea bohlale le mekhatlo coercion molao. Hloka mosebetsi-'moho le dibopeho tsohle, makala a 'muso, mecha ea litaba.

Mehloli ea bokhukhuni

ponahatso efe kapa efe ea bokhukhuni e lokela ho ba ka ho hlaka traceable mohloli le ka botšepehi ea bitsoang bakang bona. Setsebi phuputso e entsoeng khanna har'a basebetsi ba diyuniti-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni ba FSB, e ile ea senola hore determinants (lintlha tsa) bokhukhuni hangata latelang: a fokotseha bohale melao-motheo ea phelang le boemo ba sechaba. tšireletso, ntoa ea lipolotiki le ea nihilism molao, separatism le bochaba kgolo ya, ba sa tšoanelehe molao, le tlaase boikanyego tsa ba boholong, ditharollo bona tšoaro e nkoa.

Matlafatse bokhukhuni ho hōla, 'haholo-holo ha e ikhanyetse sechabeng, tsitsipano ea sechaba, ho tloha eo ho eona ho ke feteletsang lipolotiki. Ntoa e khahlanong le feteletsang le bokhukhuni hloka kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa lenaneo le felletseng la ho eona ho tla ba le se feela lipolotiki empa hape a moruo, ea sechaba, likhopolo, tsa molao le litšobotsi tse ling tse ngata. Leano-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni ba Federation ea Russia e leka ho rarolla e khōlō, empa feela ya patlisiso mosebetsi - pholosa paballo ya naha le bobusi. 'Me e ke ho hlokahala hore ho qala ho le mabaka a.

Motheong oa ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni

Karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano la tsa sechaba - ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni ka Serussia Federation, morero oa seo ka sona ke, ha re ntse re ba se buileng, tshireletso, paballo ya naha le bobusi ba naha. Dipehelo tsa sehlooho tsa leqheka lena ke tse latelang:

• lisosa le maemo esengaka hore ho hlaha ha bokhukhuni le ho hasana lona lokela ho tsejoa le ho felisoa;
• batho le mekhatlo e kopanela ka litokisetso bakeng sa liketso tsa bokhukhuni, ba lokela ho tsejoa le liketso tsa bona li thibela le ho a hatella;
• mekhatlo le seabo mesebetsing ea likhukhuni, e lokela ho ea tšoareloa ikarabella ho latela molao oa Russia;
• makhotla a le ho bolela o ne a rerile ho thibela, ho utloa, ho thibela mesebetsi ea likhukhuni, fokotsa le ho felisa liphello tsa litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni li lokela ho a 'na a ka ho itokisa kamehla lebaka la ho sebelisa;
• libaka tse phetheselang mahlonoko tseo ho leng tšehetso bophelong le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tlameha ho fuoa tšireletso ea-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni;
• likhopolong tsa likhukhuni ha baa lokela ho jala, 'me mosebetsi oa mesebetsi bobuelli lokela ho butswe.

mehato tshireletso

Beha dintho e ka targeted tshebetso likhukhuni lilemong tsa morao tjena e fetohile haholo hlomeletsoe le boenjiniere bo le mekhoa botekgeniki ea tšireletso, e le badiri ba botsamaisi lik'hamphani tshireletso ba haholo e eketsehileng boemo ba bona ba ho koetlisoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho sireletsoa-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni libaka tsa boima lula batho ba ka ho hlaka ho feta lekaneng, e le ho na le ne ho se na seo a se hlokang junifomo bakeng sa tokisetso ea sebakeng seo.

Ka 2013, ka October 22, molao Federal ka tšireletso ea-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni mehaho o ile a tla ho mo qobella. 'Muso oa Russia o hona joale ho latela tokomane ena fumana le tokelo ya ho theha e tlamang ho phethahatseng batho bohle tlhaho le ea molao ea ditlhoko tšireletso-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni lintho le libakeng. ditlhoko le e amanang le sehlopha bona, kopana ditlhoko le mabapi le go baya leitlho, etsa lakane ya data polokeho. Na thoko ho tswa ho lintho tsena feela tsamaisa tsa dibopeho tsa motheo, likoloi le mafura a le matla a libaka tsa, moo tšireletso ea-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni e haha tse ling tse ngata hampe.

Global tšokelo

mekhatlo ea likhukhuni e sebetsang Russia khafetsa le ho ba le seabo 'me tlasa boetapele ba nationals tsoang linaheng tse ling ba' nileng ba ba koetlisitsoeng linaheng tse ling le ka ditjhelete tshehetswa ke mehloli e amanang le bokhukhuni ba machaba. Ho ea ka FSB, ka 2000 ho ne ho ka bang likete tse tharo ba litima ling Chechnya. Russia mabothong a hlometseng ka ntoa ea 1999-2001 bolaoa basele fetang sekete tse tsoang linaheng tse Arab: Lebanon, Palestina, Egepeta, United Arab Emirates, Jordane, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena bokhukhuni machaba e ile ea eketseha ho isa tekanyong ea tsokelo ea lefatše lohle. Russia, e ho amahanngoa le ho bōptjoa sa Komiti ea National Anti-bokhukhuni (NAC). Sena se 'mele collegiate hore coordinates: mesebetsi ea ba boholong ba phethahatso bobeli muso le RF bafo, ea moo ipusa, hammoho le lokisetsa ditshitshinyo ama Mopresidente wa Federation le Serussia. NAC ho ile ha thehoa ho ea ka molao-taelo ka loantšeng Bokhukhuni bo Etsoang ka 2006. Molula-setulo oa komiti ea ke motsamaisi oa FSB ba Federation Russia Kakaretso ya Army Av Bortnikov. Tlas'a boeta-pele ba hae mosebetsi hoo e ka bang tsohle le baeta-pele ba mekhatlo e coercion molao, mafapha a 'muso le likamore tsa paramente Serussia.

Maikemisetso khōlō ea NAC

1. Ba lokisetsa ho ea ditshitshinyo ho Mopresidente wa Federation Russia mabapi le sebōpeho sa naha. leano le ntlafatso tšimong ea molao stats-bokhukhuni.
2. Tšebelisano tsohle mesebetsi stats-bokhukhuni ba boholong phethahatso muso, o laela ka libakeng tsa Russia, ho sebelisana mehaho tsena le 'muso ea moo, mekhatlo ea sechaba le litloaelano.
3. Boitsebiso ba mehato e tla felisa lisosa le maemo esengaka hore bokhukhuni, ho etsa bonnete ba tshireletso ya dibaka tsa litlhaselong hlahelang.
4. Ho ba le seabo ho loantša bokhukhuni, ho ba lokisetsa ho ea lilekane machaba oa Federation Russia tšimong ena.
5. Ho etsa bonnete ba tshireletso ya ea sechaba bakeng sa batho ba se ba kopanela kapa amehang ho loantša bokhukhuni, ho tsosoloso ea sechaba ea mahlatsipa a litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni.
6. Sebetsana le mesebetsi e meng bontšitsoeng ke molao Russia.

Bokhukhuni tsa North Caucasus

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ba boholong ba mmuso. ba boholong ba 'nile ba etsa boiteko ba khōlō ho normalize boemo ka North Caucasus Federal Setereke ka sebedisa mehato ya ho loantša bokhukhuni. Ka December 2014 mookameli oa Federal Security Service Alexander Bortnikov itse ka lebaka la tšebelisano ea tshebetso thibelo le coercion molao - litšito tsa bokhukhuni ne ka makhetlo a mararo ka tlase ho bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ka 2013: 218 litlōlo tsa molao khahlanong le ea 78.

Leha ho le joalo, boemo bo tsitsipane sebakeng e ntse e phahameng - mafolofolo le North Caucasian Bandit sekhukhu, 'me bokhukhuni machaba, ho sa tsotellehe ho kenya letsoho ka ho toba ntoeng ea ka mo tsohle mekhatlo coercion molao, mekhatlo coercion molao le ditshebeletso khethehileng. Mehato ke tshebetso le ntoa, ho hlwaya, ho thibela, hatella, o ile a senola le fuputswa litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni. Kahoo, nakong ea 2014, litšebeletso sephiri 'me mekhatlo ea coercion molao o ile a hlōleha ho thibela 59 litlōlo tsa molao tsa bokhukhuni le robeli litlhaselo tsa ba lokisetsa. batho ba mashome a mararo tse amanang le Bandit sekhukhu, ka ho susumelletsoa hore a ke a hlobohe ho tšoha.

Ha o sa khona ho susumetsa

Ntoa e khahlanong le bokhukhuni ho na le e rarahaneng tshebetso ntoa, e khethehileng, sesole, le mesebetsi e meng e mengata, ha sebelisoa thepa ea sesole, lihlomo le ho bolela khethehileng ho thibela ketso ea bokhukhuni, disarm bahlabani ba le ho netefatsa polokeho ya batho ba, mekgatlo le mekhatlo, le ho fokotsa liphello tsa tlhaselo e likhukhuni. Mona ke mabotho a amehang le FSB mahlahana, hammoho le theha sehlopha, le bophara e leng se ka boele u Russia mabothong a hlometseng le ba boholong 'muso ea neng a okametse tshireletso, tšireletseho le litaba tsa ka hare, ho Civil Defense, Toka, Emergency Maemo Tšebeletso le ba bang ba bangata.

Ka lebaka la ea matla tshebetso e-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni e North Caucasus ka 2014 o ne a koala ke linokoane 233, 38 ba tsona le baeta-pele. Koalloa litho 637 tsa ka tlas'a lefatše a hlometseng. Hulwa tse seng molaong letseno 272 disebedisweng tse phatlohang, a mangata lithunya le libetsa tse ling. coercion molao ba boholong ba batlisisa hore litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni ka 2014, o ile a tlisoa khotla 219 Maemong a senokoane, e ile ea fella ka linokoane ho utloisoa bohloko ke likotlo senokoane, ho akarelletsa le litlhaselo tsa mane Phethahatso ea likhukhuni ka Volgograd.

Bokhukhuni le Relations International

liforomo Cross-moeling oa bokhukhuni - foromo kotsi ka ho fetisisa tsa tlōlo ea molao. lintho tsa sebele Contemporary lebisitse hore e be lebaka destabilizing kamano ea machaba. The litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni ka tšebeliso ea libetsa tsa ripitlang batho ba bangata (libetsa tsa nyutlelie) ke le kotsi ka ho teba ka ho ba teng ha batho bohle. Le baahi ba matjhabeng ba ka lebaka la ho lakatsa ho kena lipolotiking ka tsela e feteletseng ea tse ling tsa litho tsa eona ke ke esita le fumana terminologicos hantle bakeng sa ketsahalo ena, le hoja ka kakaretso, 'me ha thehoa e mosa ea nang le kutloisiso ba ile ba kopanela tsa dikarolo tse khōlō tsa ketsahalo ena.

Pele ho tsohle, bokhukhuni - e 's tse seng molaong sethunya pefo, le takatso ea ho tšosa baahi lefatšeng ka le dikarolo pharalletseng ea baahi ba eona ke lehlatsipa se nang molato. Ha ketso likhukhuni ama lithahasello tsa naha ho feta feta a le mong, ho na le e le hantle, hape e ne e ena e elements ea machaba. dikamano tsa lipolotiki tsa matjhaba a ha e ela hloko tšobotsi ea bokhukhuni ba machaba, joalokaha ho ke e makatsang. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, ha a ne a e Hoa makatsa hore ebe matla le ho feta lefatšeng ka bophara, Komiti ea Seboka se Akaretsang sa Machaba a Kopaneng e ile ea boela leka ho qala mosebetsi oa ka tlhaloso e amanang le bokhukhuni ba machaba.

karolo ea Russia ka baahi lefatše

The Federation Russia e lumellana haholo ka tsela ea boiteko kopanetsoeng ba ho loantša bokhukhuni. Ka linako tsohle e bile bakeng sa ho tlosa ditshita tse - bolumeli, likhopolo, lipolotiki kapa tse ling tse leha e le efe - pakeng tsa e re, ho hanyetsa le liphoso tsa bokhukhuni, e ntho e ka sehloohong - ho hlophisa ho hanyetsa e atlehang ea ho liponahatso kaofela bokhukhuni.

E le mohlahlami oa USSR, e Federation Russia kopanelang papaling ea ho ka likopano tse teng bokahohleng ka mohla. Ho tswa ho baemeli ba eona tla maiteko tsohle hahang, ba etsa monehelo bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho ntshetsopele mogopolofela ya ditumellano tsa e ncha, 'me pheko e sebetsang ea bopa e tlwaelehileng machaba-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni ka pele.