Baroque Petrose. Litšobotsi tsa Baroque

St. Petersburg, ho nkoa e mong oa ke oa ho fela a metse le leholo la lefatše, ke tswakana ikhetha e le kannete ea mekhoa bokgabane ba mehleng ea khale le lineano Bophirimela le Serussia. Litsebi li bolela hore mokhoa oa ho ngola ea hae bonono ile esale pele dikahare tsa mehla ea simolohile. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, motse oo o ile bōpiloe ka mathoasong a lilemo ea leshome le metso e supileng, tse ka sa ama ponahalo ea lona.

A haha sitoang ho ithiba thato ea motho a le mong - Petra Velikogo a, ikakhele ka setotsoana ho se tšoane kaofela mehaho European. foromo ea hae o ne a bōpiloe ka ho loketseng kelellong ea Russia Tsar qetela tlas'a tšusumetso ea Frantsa Leforta le Vinius - Dutch-rakhoebo, ea ileng a ne a ena le pokello e khōlō ea litšoantšo 'me e hatisetsa. Ba European le, ka ho khetheha, e leng motse Madache seo ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa hlahellang mehaho e ka bophirimela ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo li ne li tšoantšetsoa.

Litšobotsi tsa Baroque

mehaho ena, eo Fans ea mehaho classic bakeng sa nako e telele e sa nkoa e le e ikemetseng, ea hlaha ho Europe mathoasong tsa morao Renaissance. E ne eka tswelediso lona le ntshetsopele. Ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, mokhoa ona oa mehaho ka bitsoa hore ke khutlele filosofi. litšobotsi tse lona ka sehloohong ke itlhalosang le thata. ho nyolohela ea ka maikutlo a le moshemane ea neng a kenngwa tshebetsong le Litsebi tsa nako eo, ho etsa sebopeho sa e ntle haholo le ba ruileng lintlha ea bonono. Mokhoa oa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng tse thahasellisang li entse kaho e le kannete bohata.

lesedi kakaretso

"Baroque ea Petrose" - e leng lentsoe le sebelisoang ke bo-rahistori ba tsa bonono hore setaele meralo le, tse amoheloang ke Peter e Moholo. E ho pharaletseng sebediswa bakeng sa moralo oa mehaho e ka nako eo motse-moholo - St. Petersburg.

Ka lilemo tse 1697-1698, Peter e Moholo o ile a etela ya ntlokemedi, ea Netherlands, haholo-holo Amsterdam. Motse ona ke haholo-holo rata moemphera le ka thata-thata radially-rerile literateng, mela hae concentric ka metjha e le. Amsterdam mekhabisong e karolong e moqotetsane phahameng qetellong kenella gables kgutlotharo, litora kapa marulelo ho pota. Traditional mehaho Sedache ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo e tšoauoa ka tshebediso ya le khabisitsoeng le e sithabetseng likarolo joalo odara, joaloka liforeimi fensetere, cornices, pilasters, volutes portals. Sena se ile ho ka khoneha ho etsa elegantne le thabo, ho kopantswe le khoebo a inyenyefatsa a bile setšoantšo ba motse.

Petrose o ne a Amehile Haholo ka khopolo ea hore Russia ka kenela tsoetseng pele linaheng tse ka Bophirimela, ho latela tsela European, eseng feela lipolotiki kapa moruo, empa hape ntshetsopeleng haholo setso. Le hore 's ke hobane'ng ha o ile a memeloa ho ea sebetsa motse-moholo oa hae o mocha oa batho ba bangata tummeng Litsebi, sculptors le painters.

Petrovsky Maniram

Esita le lebitso la hlakile hore ponahalo ea bona naheng ea heso, setaele ena e hlollang e tlameha ho ea pele Russia moemphera. baroque ea Petrose e ne e le motsoako oa celow podrozy Setaliana sa lebitso tšoanang le ba pele French classicism le rococo. E mong le e meralo, ea ileng a memeloa ho ea St. Petersburg, e ne e le ea ka neano ea sekolong hae meralo. Ke ka lebaka leo baroque Petrose a bontša ha ho hlake haholo mekhoa ea nako e.

Peter le takatso e khōlō ho fetola motse oa bona o ka ntle ka ho fetisisa 'me e ne e le lebaka le ka hore nakong ea puso ea hae e ile ea e motheo Baroque meralo le tataiso. Design le kaho ea meaho ka mokhoa ona, e leng o boetse o bitsoa Maniram Petrose, St. Petersburg bakeng sa lilemo tse makholo a seng makae tse latelang li hlalosoa ntshetsopeleng mehaho.

Features

Pele Russia le moemphera oa batla ho tloha ea ka neano ea mehaho Byzantium. Nako ea sebopeho sa tataiso ea oela lekholong la bo17 la lilemo. Baroque mokhoa oa Petrose o fapane hanyenyane ho tloha mochine lona European. Ntho e ka sehloohong e - rationality, hlakileng le e bonolo.

Ngoe ea litšobotsi ka sehloohong khethollang hore khethollang ho Petrine baroque mehaho - tse peli ka molumo meaho pente: khubelu le tse tšoeu. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe - le tlhaloso planar tsa Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle le.

Mehaho ea pele e ne e le matlo a St. Petersburg, hammoho le mehaho e lehong, ka dibopeho tsa bona tse tšoanang ho ka bophirimela halofo ka lifate. Ba batla samente ho penta. Ka lebaka leo, mehaho e joalo, 'me esita le brickwork "le lepelela" ka fana ka reliefs tlaase bōptjoa likarolo kapa moldings le pilasters le liforeimi le ntlo.

Tlhaloso setaele

baroque ea Petrose e tšoauoa ka ho sebelisa likarolo tsa Tuscan khale kapa ba Korinthe, le hoja ka tlhaloso khongoana holimo haholo le ho feta khale ea. More tloaelehile hore batho ba ne ba e bonolo Russia "-blades" hore nkeloa sebaka sa pilasters le litšiea. Windows Framed architraves profiled - hangata bosoeu ka semelo sa khubelu, ka thickening bath, litsebe, sebelisa ka holimo a capstone ena. Likhutlong tsa mohaho oo ka mokhoa Baroque, 'me maemong a mang, le mokatong oa pele, o entse ho tsoa rustication.

Ena mokete le elegantne talimela Litsebi eketswa tse nyenyane dintlha tse ngata meralo tse kang moralo wa, curls le balustrades. The tshebediso ya likarolong tsohle projecting ya seqha e bōpehileng joaloka kapa seka-chitja pediments nkoa e tlamang. Kahoo, pono e rarahaneng le ho ntlafatsa roofline.

Ka tsela e tsoanang ho tloaelehile hore batho e ne e le ho instola tse tsa liemahale le mepotjoana. Ka matsoapo a Litsebi hlomamisa dormer. Ho tloha karolong e ka holimo ea meaho ngata fumana leruo la khabisitsoeng le le haholo tsoetseng pele silhouette.

Baroque Litsebi

Esita le pele ho thehoa ha Peter St. Petersburg e le manģosa a hae ka mose Europe ba ile ba qala ho hira basele: Litsebi, fortification, baenjiniere. Ka mohato pele mehaho tsohle motseng hahoa ka diporojeke tsa Litsebi tsoang linaheng tse ling ba neng ba tlile ho ea sebeletsa Russia. Eaba oa pele o har'a bona e ne e le Domenico Trezzini hahile mehaho e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea St. Petersburg, a tšoantšetsang mokhoa Petrine Baroque. Photo Petrose le Pauluse ba Cathedral - hlakileng bopaki. tšepe lona tora e phahameng-bophahamong laolang Petersburg. Faceted manehiloe spire ea Cathedral of slots overcast sepakapakeng ho fapana sprawling Squat mela Neva embankments.

Analoge kerekeng e khōlō ka mehaho Bophirimela hoo e batlang e ha. O re hopotsa feela le spire sothehileng sebakeng moaho Exchange Copenhagen, motheong oa eo hape larileng ka mokhoa oa ho ngola Baroque. Photos of e qetellang ho le joalo, ke bopaki ba e 'ngoe ea' nete ea hore St. Petersburg steeple fapaneng hanyenyane: bobeli bakeng sa boholo ba eona le sebopeho faceted.

Har'a Litsebi pele ea bōpileng baroque ea Petrose, e matleng a hae, ho phaella ho Trezzini, 'me Jean-Baptiste Leblond le Schluter, le JM. Fontana le Michetti le Mattarnovi. Kaofela ha bona ba tla ho Russia ka memo ea Peter. E mong le e meralo tlisetsang ponahalo ea meaho bona tlas'a neano kaho, ho tloaelehile naheng ea hae, lintho tsa motheo tsa sekolo ka, e neng e emeloa. Thusa ho phetha diporojeke tse di bona, butle-butle tseba meetlo ea European Baroque le Litsebi ea moo kang Michael Zemtsov.

Ho se tšoane ho tloha Moscow baroque

baroque Petrose ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa St. Petersburg. Kantle mehaho ena e nyane haholo. Ka ho khetheha, ho Menshikov Tower, se hahiloeng ka Moscow le Tallinn o Kadriorg Palace.

Ho fapana le tataiso Naryshkin Moscow, Peter e Moholo, e ne e le ho khesoa e bohale ea ea ka neano ea Byzantium, ho busoa le mehaho Russia oa hoo e ka bang leshome le makholo a lilemo, e tšoauoa ka setshwani le ho leka-lekana. Ho itšehla thajana ea setsi sa sebopeho, iridescence le ho ithiba ka mokhabiso, arched le likhutlo li 'nè fensetere openings, terraces marulelo le robehileng - tsena litšobotsi tsohle tsa setaele Baroque, e mong ea bitsoang ho tlotla moemphera oa pele, e ile ea fetoha pontšo ea meaho ngata Petrose.

mehlala hlokomelehang

Kajeno, bahahlauli ba tlang ho motse-moholo o ka leboea, ba le monyetla oa ho ananela mosebetsi oa matsoho a setsebi sa meralo ea neng a sebetsa ka nako. Petrine Baroque emela mona ke meaho ngata tsebahalang. Sena ke Petrose le Pauluse ba Cathedral, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, House leshome le metso e Colleges le hlabula ntlong ea borena ea Peter ke, Schluter Moifo, Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, e sebelitse ka ho bōptjoa ha batho ba multiple: Mattarnovi, Kiaveri le Zemtsov. Bōptjoa ha bobeli e boetse ke Kereke ea Simeone le Anna.

Ka Vasilevsky Island ke mohlala o mong oa mohaho ka ka baroque - pele e khōlō ntlong ea borena ka St. Petersburg. E ne e le ho lula ha ba 'Musisi-Kakaretso oa hore tšoaroa dikamogelo' me ba feta ea Kopano. E le mohlala o tloaelehileng oa ntlo ea borena ea ruileng, ba siea kene lekokong o ka sehloohong oa embankment e, sebopeho e boetse e emela Petrine Baroque.

Leshome le metso e Colleges thepa ea mohaho

Nearby ke sefika 'ngoe e hahiloeng ka mokhoa ona meralo. Sena House leshome le metso e Colleges. Meralo Trezzini ne e le tsela haholo pele ho rarolla bothata boo o ile a botsa ka Petrose. Mohaho ona o ka mokhoa Baroque, eo ke leshome le metso e tšoanang meaho lokisetsa mocheng e haufi le e mong le e tse ling tse, ka phasejeng tloaelehileng, otlolla bakeng sa limithara tse makholo a mararo le mashome a robeli. Karolo ka 'ngoe e na le marulelo a arohaneng. Tabeng ena, ka ho toba e hlollang phorosela tsa gables pheta le boqapi ba ka kene lekokong, pilasters le architraves ka ba phelelang kene lekokong le lefubedu le le tšoeu fana sebopeho le pono hlomphehang.

Landscape mehaho

Features ya Baroque ka bonoa, eseng feela ka meaho hahoa mehleng eo. Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo thahasellisang ke matlo a borena le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo. Ena, ka mohlala, tse tsejoang ho Summer Garden tsohle, e neng e beha ka mokhabo khethehileng ea Peter; Peterhof libini, e thehiloeng eo, ho ea ka litsebi, ke maikutlo a ya pele Russia le moemphera oa ketelong ea hae ho Versailles. Kajeno ba liemahale bohlokoa haholo ea mehaho landschap.

Summer Garden e ne e le ha a leka ho etsa morena oa kholo phakeng "ntho e 'ngoe edifying." E ne e le seliba e resonate le lihlooho tsa litšōmo Aesop, 'me ba kenya ka la gallery khethehileng fumanoa nakong epolloa Roma le ka thata haholo tlisoa ho Russia seemahale sa Venus - oa boholo-holo oa Roma' mabole khopi ya pele Bagerike. Garden baeti, ntle ho mokgelo, ile a tlameha ho aka e 'mabole a batang ba ea bohetene molimotsana. liemahale tse ling 'me busts di hlomamisa hammoho alleys le, hammoho le "ho Versailles."

lehlabuleng Palace

Sena moemeli khanyang tsa Petrine Baroque tse nyenyane le e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ho latela moralo. Ho ka botlalo tsela e lumellanang le mosebetsi lona - tokisetso ea menyetla ea ho ea matsatsi a phomolo lelapa la borena.

Batho ba bang ba bitsa sefika sena ho Peter e Moholo o Baroque setaele e loketseng ho boholo ba eona e nyenyane, "pele Russia Cottage." Ka bobeli ba setsebi sa meralo le moqapi, D.Trezini tsamaisa kaho ea ntlo ea borena ka lilemo tse kaofela ba bane. The Bas-reliefs ka ntle tse entsoeng ka sehlooho mythological. sepheo e ne e Trezzini perpetuation ea tlhōlo ea Ntoa ea Northern. Pele ho batho ba mehleng ea hae 'me a ka ho phethahetseng a sireletsa betliloeng the oak le lepa penta mekhabiso ka hare-hare' me siling metako.

Qetellong

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ho nkoa ke ke haholo ke lebitso la eona, baroque ea Petrose ka tsela ea eona e ikhethang. Le tsohle kadima ka ho hlaka bonahalang, mokhoa ona o tlisa e ngata le mekhoa botho. Ho feta moo, mehaho ea mehleng eo ha ba na analogues le lefatšeng, ba ile ba ba pele. The mekhabisong ea meaho, le hoja e batlang e le bonolo, empa ka nako e tšoanang elegantne le moemeli haholo. Ha ba ba le bulky le le boima ho roala mabenyane a, 'me polelo e reng fihla dintlha bonyane.