Zhostovo ho penta. Likarolo Zhostovo ho penta. Zhostovo fektheri ho penta le khabisitsoeng

Makatsoa ke a sa tsoaneng le mefuta e fapaneng ya mebala, qaphaletso holim'a batho ba batsho kapa 'mala diterei la Zhostovo penta diforomo ka e khanyang dipaterone, Kukat, khabisitsoeng ka lintlha botle ka ho fetisisa. Fine rosa le poppie sekareleta, daisies le bonolo le le e amang maikutlo cornflowers, peonies le makoko tlale thabo aster kopantswe le lipalesa e sa tsejoeng empa ha ho ka tlaase ho moo ntle. Linonyana le lirurubele, mefuta e fapaneng ya monokotsoai le le litholoana shebahala joang phelang ka tsela e itekanetseng e beha dintho joalo, letsatsi le letsatsi joaloka diterei la. Kamoo ba bangata ha ba batla, u ke ke ua fumana e 'ngoe ea ho floating tšoanang - mong le e mong oa ikhetha! Moo ha re tla ho bonono joalo, e le ho etsa lintho tse joalo e hlollang, moo o ka nka lithuto Zhostovo penta? About ena le ka litšobotsi tsa penta ka tšepe, bath tsa baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ho tswa ho Moscow Zhostovo, sehlooho sena se tla bolella.

Histori ea ketsahalo ea lacquer penta

Oa pele-pele, ho ea ka ya data histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng, ba tseba tsebo ea ho lacquer penta Machaena. 'Maloa tse likete tse fetileng nakong ea Shang Yin, baahi ba Machaena khabisitsoeng lacquer metako lisebelisoa ba ntlo le lintho tse ba letsatsi le letsatsi, lihlomo le lijana moetlo.

Mora China lacquer penta bonono ba hapa linaha tsa Indochina, Persia le India, Japane le Korea. Ka mong le e mong le libaka tsa mokhoa lacquer penta ntshetswa pele le nosi, e thehiloeng lineanong tsa bonono setso, empa hape ke alima ka phihlelo ea baetsi ba litšoantšo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Ka lacquer penta a tla ho Russia?

bahoebi European ka lilemo tse makholo XVI-XVII, khoebo le linaha tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela, a tlisa mehlala e babatsehang ea ho penta lacquerware naheng ea habo bona. Bululetsoeng ke botle le originality tsa tse fapa-fapaneng ka sebōpeho le morero oa lintho tse linaheng tsa bochabela, khabisitsoeng ka litšoantšo lacquered, mong'a ea linaha tse ngata tsa Europe ba qalang ho etsa le ho khabisa mefuta e fapaneng ya lintho tse ka "Chinese" setaele.

Nka Lintho ka Botebo ntshetsopeleng ya bafo tlhahiso, lacquer khabisitsoeng ka litšoantšo, linaheng European kang Holland, Engelane, Jeremane le Fora, e hlahile feela lilemong tsa bo-XVIII.

Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov tsamaea haholo Europe, moo a ileng a ile a thahasella khopolo ea lacquer ho penta. Ka 1778, ka Urals e, Nizhny Tagil, Urals qala ho hlaha ho tšoasa litlhapi lipalesa ho penta ka tšepe.

Ketsahalo e Zhostovo Varnish Painting ka Metal

Entsoe ka Urals le khabisitsoeng ka lacquer penta matlōleng tšepe le diterei la, jugs le linkho, 'me lintho tse ling tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ba ne ba rekisa, eseng feela ka fairs moo le Krestovskaya Irbit, empa hape ka National Makarevskoy hlokang leeme ka Nizhny Novgorod.

Mohlomong e se mona bone lihlahisoa Ural benghali bululetsoeng barab'abo rōna Vishnjakova ka lacquer penta diterei la tšepe. Vishnjakova lelapa khoebo ho tloha 1825 aterese ntshetswa pele haholo-holo ka lacquer penta ea lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng tse entsoeng ka papier-mache - mabokose snuff, Maemong a koae, albums suivants, tsoekere sekotlolo le mabokose.

Ho tloha ka 1830, boholo ba mabenkele a le teng metseng ea Boraro-bo-pharishe, tse kang Boraro-Khlebnikov le Zhostovo khaotsa ho hlahisa lintho tse entsoe ka papier-mache, 'me lithuto tsa ho fana ka tlhahiso le penta diterei la tšepe.

The planar ho motse-moholo oa ho tšoasa litlhapi o ile a lumella ho etsa ntle le intermediaries le na le 'maraka tsitsitseng, hammoho le ka theko e tlaase ho reka thepa e hlokahalang.

History of ntshetsopeleng kgwebo ya

Ho qala ka la 30-ogy tsa lekholong la lilemo la XIX ho etsa le ho khabisa ke diterei lacquered tsa tšepe tsa tšepe hoo e batlang e tsohle le metsaneng e haufi. Ka nako ena Zhostovo penta latsoitse tlhōrō ea tloaeleha lona. Lilemong tse ka mor'a phetohelo ea ho se ho hlokahala dihlahiswa Zhostovo benghali ba oela sharply, ea isang ho ho kopanngoa ha baetsi ba litšoantšo disparate ka tšebelisano-'moho nyane litsebi.

Ka 1928, ho tsohle tšebelisano e nyenyane ea a Halalelang-bo-bong, Novosiltsev Zhostovo le metse e meng e potolohileng ba ile ba kopana e le e khethehileng le tšebelisano-'moho "Metallopodnos" le setsi sa taolo ka Zhostovo.

Nako e thata ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa Zhostovo penta, ha e le tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse ling tse ngata, tšepe 40-50s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. E ne e ka nako ena e haholo fokotseha lokolloa ha ke diterei, empa ke makhetlo a 'maloa e ile ea eketseha tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa batho bao e seng ea mantlha ea ho tšoasa litlhapi bana. penta Zhostovo bana - tse nyenyane tsa lehong le tšepe e floating, linkho le likharafu, khabisitsoeng ka likarolo motho.

historing ea kajeno

Khrushchev oa "qhibilihisa" o ile a etsa phapang ntle bophelong ba ho tšoasa litlhapi. Ka 1960, ho sebelisana le "Metallopodnos" ile hlophisoa bocha 'me a lebitso la eona le joale - Zhostovo fektheri ea ho penta le khabisitsoeng le. Ho eloa hloko ke 'muso, ho tshebedisano mafolofolo tsa benghali ba le litsebi kopanela lipontšo tse sa tšoaneng, tse thapileng le tsoang linaheng tse ling ba ile a lumella ea ho tsoasa litlhapi ho theoha bothata nako e telele.

Kajeno fektheri e ka mafolofolo ho sebetsa, mesebetsi ea basebetsi Bongoli ho baetsi ba litšoantšo ba mo khabisa expositions ea musiamong tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara, hammoho le lehae la lipalo hlaheletseng setso, saense le lipolotiking.

Features ya sebopeho

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, Zhostovo penta ntshetswa pele tlas'a tšusumetso ea Ural lipalesa ho penta ka tšepe. Empa Zhostovo benghali qalong sebetswa le ae kgabisa lintho tse fapa-fapaneng entsoe ka papier-mache, ba ile ba khona ho fetisa tse sibolotsoeng tsa bona tsohle theknoloji ka diterei la tšepe. Bakeng sa liaparo tsa bona, ba ne ba sebelisa o hlophisitsoeng bona, hammoho le khethehileng copal varnish.

Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo ama lihlapi le ntshetsopele ile haufi le e le setsi sa litsoantso tse nyenyane lukutinskih lacquer. Bakeng sa ka ho eketsehileng sebopeho stylistic Zhostovo penta susumetsoa Rostov enamel le motifs Kukat Ivanovo hatisetsa k'hothone, le ho penta porcelain, o etsoa ka lifeme le ea teropong.

From seo le kamoo ho ka etsa hore ke diterei?

Morao-rao Zhostov diterei la entsoe ka litsela tse peli: ka tapa le betloa ha.

Hobane tloaelehileng lakane tšepe ka mechine e khethehileng phetha molao ho etsa likheo tsena bakeng sa diterei la dibopeho tsena tekanyetso le boholo bo. Ka mor'a moo, ka ebe o tobetsa konopo ea motlakase ka hlobo e khethehileng le setempe ho kopantswe etsoa seaming metshetshe - interlining. A floating sefaha ho ba sechaba se melala, nang le bona phethola.

Artists Zhostovo penta ka sebetsa, e seng feela le diforomo tsa tekanyetso diterei la. qeto ea bona e na le 26 tekanyetso liforomo tseo ho khetha moralo loketseng ka ho fetisisa. Ka mor'a moo, haeba ho ke ke e ikhethang, sesosa se nkiloeng farrier (setei), manufactures theha floating. Ho finyella sena, maqephe a 'maloa tsa tšepe le dikere letsoho khaola bracket, eo hamorao, tlas'a tšusumetso ea hamore e hula le o ile a kokota. Ha seaming bohale beha ka floating lithapo khethehileng, e leng e fana ka matla a lona ebe go tsepanya ka nngeleng ka boeona hamore bohale.

Ka diterei la li lokiselitseng ho penta?

Hang ha ke diterei ne e fumanweng sebopeho le seamed, di primed mahlakoreng ka bobeli putty entsoeng ka tjhoko, hlapolotsoeng ka omisa oli. Hang primed floating omisitsoeng ka ontong e khethehileng, mong'a gruntovschik bentsa holim ka sandpaper, 'me joale e sebetsa lera e' ngoe ea putty. Pele floating koahela tse peli batho ba batsho selelekela lera e entsoeng ka kaolin letsopa, parafine, Hollanti mosili le oli. E mong le e lera ile omisitsoeng 'me ka hloko e bentšitsoeng. Kajeno, tsela e tloaelehileng ea selelekela e sa e sebelisoa, e sebediswa ho fapana senya ho tswa sprinkler fektheri sootho mobu. Mora omisa primed shpaklyuyut floating le omisitsoeng. Ebe putty floating ka letsoho e bentšitsoeng ka lejoe pumice.

Feela ebe e sebelisoa holim'a floating ba batsho pente motheong oa turpentine, 'me ka mor'a omisa ho hang ka le dikarolo 2-3 tlotsitsoeng ba batsho oli varnish. The omisitsoeng le peeled floating fetisoang ke moetsi oa litšoantšo ka ho penta le.

Joang limelo 'mala o ka diterei la?

fektheri Zhostovo penta le khabisitsoeng le, ho phaella ho diterei la ea setso le e ntšo le semelo manufactures dihlahiswa, tse khubelu, e putsoa, e tala le e putsoa limelo. Ho bopa le tsona ka floating holim mokato tšesaane tsa lacquer la leseli. Ho fihlela e omisitsoeng ka ntle, fafatsa ka ho eona le boronse kapa phofo aluminium. Hang metallized semelo sa e omileng, hlalosa e le 'mala o batla lessirovochnomu pente, ka tsela eo ho fana ka e matla le ho e tletseng bodied, empa ka nako e tšoanang e shimmering, joaloka semelo sa translucent.

Penta ka mmala semelo sa hloka fetola mmala ka likarolo le mekhoa. Kahoo, feela hanyenyane thontsweng gabe le meriti e nyenyane huleloa.

Bonono penta Zhostovo floating

Zhostovo mesebetsi ea matsoho phetha khethehileng o tlhobosa lent penta le pente oli hlapolotsoe ka turpentine le oli linseed. E mong le e moetsi oa litšoantšo e ka nako ho sebetsa ka lihlahisoa tse 'maloa. Ho rua ho mokhabiso o ile a sebelisa pente e tšoeu le varnish (gulfarba), fafatsa le phofo ea aluminium, kapa seo ho thoeng ke khauta qhibilihile - hlapolotsoeng ka turpentine kapa sebeletsang pepeneneng lacquer khauta phofo.

penta Zhostovo se etsoa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: zamalevka le otlolohile. Ka mohato zamalevki borashe lohle moetsi oa litšoantšo bo ntse bo le ka sehloohong silhouette sebopeho holim'a metsi sebetsa tsa floating ena. Bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong lona sebedisa hlapolla (razbelennye) pente. Ebe floating zamalevkoy sebediswa e omisitsoeng bakeng sa lihora tse 12 ka omisa raka.

Ka mor'a moo, mong'a tshimolotse le hulela behang ea libakeng tse khanyang, e lefisang meriti 'mala le gabe alakisi hore a fetisetse bophahamo ba modumo ea sebopeho. Stamens ya lipalesa le makhasi a streaks silhouetted mela mosesaane. likarolo tse khōlō Zhostovo penta, tse kang lipalesa tse khōlō, tse amanang le nyenyane bakoa, joang 'me likarolong tse ling tsa ea ho hlophisoa. Sebetsana mokhabiso morao-rao ka boto e.

O qetile mosebetsi oa tse tharo e bentšitsoeng le varnish le omisitsoeng ka liontong, ka nako eo ka letsoho otpolirovyvayut holim ho seipone fihlela qetellong.

Basic penta motifs

Hangata ka ho fetisisa Zhostovo baetsi ba litšoantšo ba phetha litokisetso e bonolo lipalesa ka mokgwa wa sa lipalesa, e leng rhythmically fapanyetsana sebetsang serapeng kgolo le lipalesa tsa naha e nyenyane. Ka tloaelo ho, ea o hlophisitsoeng botlaaseng etsa lipalesa tse 'maloa tse khōlō, tse kang rosa, aster, peony, lalele Dahlia kapa pota-potiloe ke lipalesa hlephileng nyenyane le buds' me re susumetsoa kokangana masesaane, makala le makhasi. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho lipalesa kgolo serapeng, ba bang ba baetsi ba litšoantšo ba tlisa pele bophelong ba ea ho hlophisoa ba inyenyefatsang bopherese, likhahla, bindweed kapa pansies.

Sa lipalesa joaloka serapeng sa rona le lipalesa tse hlaha ka eketswa le setšoantšo sa litholoana, frutos e, linonyana le lirurubele. Ka linako tse ling painters bontšang diterei la ntse feela lifes ea litholoana kapa dingata tsa frutos kang Rowan.

Ho phaella tabeng ea ho etsa litokisetso tsa lipalesa, 'me pale e bōpileng Zhostovo penta, e photo photo photo photo e u bona mona ka tlase. E le busa, e bontša litšoantšo tse ho tloha bophelo ba batho feela ba tloaelehileng, libaka, naha, hammoho le pere bararo. Ka kakaretso, Zhostovo penta (litšoantšo tse hlahisoang sehlooho se reng,) - e hlile ke bonono.

Itlhalosang bolela Zhostovo sebelisoa Arts

Qalong, ho hlophisoa ho diterei la ba ile ba isoa ho tloha metako, empa tlhaloso ea bona ea e mong le e moetsi oa litšoantšo ne a hae. Kajeno beng ba hlokomela hlophisitsoeng joale classic, empa hape ba leke ho fumana tse ncha.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ka mong le e mosebetsi Zhostovo penta o hlophisitsoeng li ngotsoe sefofane le tse amanang ho theha floating, ba ile ba ka ho phethahetseng a isoa tlas'a maemo a botebo le bophahamo ba modumo huleloa beha dintho. E le mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho hlahisa maikutlo Zhostovo bonono ke morethetho le 'mala ho leka-lekana ea setšoantšong.

Nka ithuta?

Ithute hore na Zhostovo penta, kamoo ho atamela ka mokhoa ona, ho ka etsahala ho Zhostovo. Ka fekthering, sehlahisoa e tummeng lefatšeng lohle, ho na le ba tataisoa maeto ya diterei ea musiamo le litlelase tsa mong'a ka atamela lacquer. Hoo e ka bang mong le e mong motseng o moholo o na le mokhatlo o fanang ka leeto nyehela maeto ho fekthering, moo o ka bona kamoo ho etsa Zhostovo ho penta. Master sehlopha sa pele e boetse e fanoeng ke lenaneo. Excursion ho Zhostovo ka hlophisitse le nosi, pele ho kopana le musiamo le phaella ka ho re lihora tsa tshebetso.