Tjheseletsa thepa: tlhaloso, characterization, tlhahiso, polokelo. Boitsebiso bo ka sehloohong tjheseletsa

Hokela tšepe dibopeho mokhoa tjheseletsa ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo ka mosebetsi oa kaho, seletsa-ho etsa, tlhahiso ea mechine le thepa. Nakong tjheseletsa, le bokaholimo tse pedi di bonded mor'a ho qhibiliha tsa tšepe motsoali oa tlas'a bohato la mocheso. Ho hlokehang katoloso hlaha elements eaba ba etsa mora Cooling le crystallization tsa cheseletsa, ho kapa surfacing. lintho tse bonahalang tse tjheseletsa e hlahiswa ka workspace consumable, hona joale-e jereng, bao e seng consumable eleketrode tjheseletsa, kapa khase. Ka tshebetso, thepa bakeng sa mosebetsi tjheseletsa o etsoa:

• ke qhibiliha, ho fallela ka selikalikoe e, ho ba ka ho hlapa le, solidification tsa tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng le sirelelitsoe;
• deoxidized le alloyed tšepe, ho lokisa le lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe;
• tlosoa oxides rarollela seam, slag phosphorus, le sebabole;
• Free hlabang boima ba naetrojene le hydrogen.

Classification ea thepa bakeng sa tjheseletsa

A palo e kholo ea thepa e hlokehang bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa tšepe metsoako, thibela metsoako tlhophiso nepahetseng, empa motheo thepa filler ba classified e le e latelang:

• filler terata ya tjheseletsa le thepa ea mohaho;
• bakeng sa li-electrode selikalikoe tjheseletsa;
• terata le li-electrode ho poleiti tsa ho tjheseletsa slag;
• Filler thepa eketsehileng discontinuous, tsoelang pele, tubular karolo;
• Filler kotokaka, phuthoa, otlolla motsoako melamu le lithapo, litheipi fused phofo-barbotage;
• khase combustible, kapa oksijene;
• tjheseletsa sethusathuto, ho konpresser;
• diselennere khase bakeng sa diteng;
• jenereithara ho hlahisa k'halsiamo carbide acetylene kapa acetylene silindara le tlas'a khatello;
• reducer bakeng sa ho fokotsa khatello ea khase eo ho tjheseletsa;
• serumula bakeng tjheseletsa, satalatsa, fusing le sete ya mefuta nozzles le diameters fapaneng;
• Rabara hoses bakeng sa oksijene displacement;
• Fluxes le powders bakeng tjheseletsa.

Qhibiliha terata, lipoleiti le melamu

mofuta ona wa eleketrode sebelisoa ka khase sirelelitseng tjheseletsa, koahetsoe selikalikoe tjheseletsa, electroslag. A terata tšepe e le lintho tse bonahalang tse tjheseletsa, e arotsoe phahameng-motsoako, le tlaase-k'habone le doped. Ka palo yohle 77 mefuta e meng ea lihlahisoa tsena e laolwang ke Remix sehlahisoa. Ke khetha cha a lakatsa, ho fetola sebopeho lik'hemik'hale tsa ao cheseletse ena. Ka kakaretso sebediswa ho hlophisoa ha terata ya, e tšoanang le tšepe e le setsi. Litšobotsi tsa lintho tse bonahalang tjheseletsa lokela ho iphaphatha le GOST le bontša ka ambalaji e.

Motsoako le tlase k'habone tšepe bakeng sa tlhahisong ea terata ea koporo-clad ba arotsoe ka le koporo-ntle ho tefo. E sebediswa bakeng sa ho terata pukwanana tjheseletsa, hasesaane ka likotoana tsa bolelele 360 ho 400 limilimithara. Fuoa meqolong mosebedisi ya bekha lik'hilograma 20 ho ea 85. makhetlo tsohle di a hlomelloa ka labels bontšang ho moetsi le entsprechen botekgeniki ea terata e.

Lipoleiti sebediswa bakeng sa tjheseletsa electroslag. Selikalikoe tjheseletsa o etsoa ka letsoho ka molamu oa eleketrode tšepe le barbotage khethehileng, e leng o bitsoa eleketrode. li-electrode li aroloa ho itšetlehile ka botenya le ho hlophisoa ha lera beha le moetso. Botenya khetholla ka ho khetheha e tenya, mahareng le barbotage mosesaane. lihlopha tse tharo tse ka GOST sebeletsa ho arola li-electrode ho itšetlehile ka ho nepahala ha difeme le diteng tsa sebabole le phosphorus ka sebopeho barbotage. Thaepa ho tjheseletsa lintho tse bonahalang a tlotsitsoeng le stabilizer e, binders, deoxidizing, alloying dikarolo denoted ke letters:

• barbotage le additives asiti - A;
• mantlha khale tlhahiso - B;
• selulose barbotage tseloe - C;
• thepa kopantsweng tsa lera holim - P.

Bao e seng consumable li-electrode le melamu welded ho mochine tjheseletsa

Bakeng sa tlohang bokaholimo khase sirelelitseng tjheseletsa sebelisa thepa e khethehileng. Boikemisetso ba tjheseletsa e fanoeng e le tšebetso e sebelisa e le mohloli mocheso e selikalikoe motlakase pakeng tsa eleketrode le holim. li-electrode chitja entsoe ka tungsten le bophara ea la 5-10 limilimithara feptjoang jwale motlakase ho sebakeng selikalikoe. Ka lintho tse bonahalang sebediswa e hloekileng tungsten kapa additives a eketsa oxides lanthanum, yttrium, sodium dioxide. Tungsten ka boeona e ke ke nka sebaka sa tšepe theko e phahameng ho feta, joalokaha ho ke refractory, ntlha phahameng belang (5900 ° C) le e sebediswa bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa le tobileng le fapanyetsana jwale.

Ho sebelisoa ha oksijene

Oksijene a boima ho feta moea, e khothalletsa combustion oa meea e le mouoane ka lebelo le holimo, mocheso e fihlellwa le ntlha phahameng qhibiliha. Sebelisana ya a petetswa oksijene le oli tse mafura le lubricants lebisa thothetsang molelo itlelang feela le phatloha, kahoo ho sebetsa le meqomo ea oksijene e etsoa maemo hloekileng, ba se na monyetla oa hore ho silafatsoa joalo. Storage ea thepa tjheseletsa kang oksijene e hlahisoa a latele melao-motheo ea polokeho mollo.

Ho tjheseletsa oksijene botekgeniki le tsoa sepakapakeng. Moea tšoaroa ka didiriswa tse khethehileng ho arola, litšila ke o tlositseng carbon dioxide, sehlahisoa qetela omisitsoeng. Mokelikeli oksijene ho tsamaisa le poloko hloka lik'hontheinara khethehileng le phahameng kwahelang mogote.

Tshebediso ya acetylene

Acetylene ke komponeng ea oksijene le haedrojene. Sena khase combustible ka mocheso ho tloaelehile le boemong ba gaseous. khase Colorless na le litšila ammonia le sulfide hydrogen. Ke kotsi chang lintho tse bonahalang. Ho tjheseletsa khatello ea 1.5 kgf / cm, ² kapa futhumatsang ka potlako ho 400 ° C ke lekana bakeng sa ho phatloha ya. Hlahisa khase ke lero selikalikoe, bebofatswe karohano ya constituents mokelikeli combustible kapa li bole kapele 'ea k'halsiamo carbide tlas'a bohato la mongobo.

baemeli khase Acetylene

ditlhoko le ho lumella thepa tjheseletsa sebediswa bakeng sa para ea sephalli le likhase tse ling. Di a sebelisa, haeba futhumatsang mocheso feta habeli tšepe qhibiliha, index. Bakeng sa go tuka ga molelo tsa fapaneng mefuta e oa meea e hloka e itseng eo di ea oksijene ho kena boapeelo. dintho chang sebakeng sa acetylene sebelisoa ka lebaka la theko e bona tlaase le ka monyetla oa ho fana ka tlhahiso atile. Ba li sebelisoa liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng, empa ho sebelisa mekhoa e meng e felle feela ka ho futhumatsang bona batlang e tlaase linaheng tse ling.

Lithapo le tjheseletsa fluxes

Bakeng sa terata ya tjheseletsa ha ho hlokehang tsejoeng op o dia letšoao. Holim 'a terata filler o etsoa boreleli le lokolohileng ratoa ke mafome, tekanyo e, kirisi. E kgethile ho tswa ho qhibiliha, index e tlaase ka litšobotsi tsa welded tšepe. E mong oa thepa ya boleng ba terata e butle-butle lona ntle bohale spray qhibiliha ejection. E le e le mokhelo, haeba ho sa hlokahale hore terata ya koporo tjheseletsa, etella sechaba pele, koporo, celik e sebelisoa ho hasesaane tšepe hlobolisa la lintho tse bonahalang e tšoanang le eo tlama.

Ha ho tjheseletsa lirafshoa tse kang aluminium, magnesium, koporo, koporo, tšepe tse entsweng, ho na le ke tšobotsi e sebetsang sebelisana 'mala bōpa le oksijene ho tswa ho sepakapaka kapa lelakabe oxidizing. Ba itšoara joang ho lebisa hore ho thehoe oxides le lintlha tse phahameng qhibiliha, e bopa e kotsi filimi le thatafatsa phetoho lintho tse bonahalang ka holim'a metsi le ka puso mokelikeli. Tjheseletsa tse bonahalang bitsoa ts'ebetsong, e bopilweng ka le ho peista kapa phofo ea sebopeho loketse, sebelisoa ho sireletsa entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa letamo holim'a. lintho tse bonahalang tse ke boric acid e, calcined borax. Fluxes ha sebelisoa ka ho tjheseletsa steels alloyed.

tiiso Safety metsi

Devices bakeng sa ho sireletsa phala rabara le jenereithara khase ho busetsa ho tswa burners khutlisetsang mollo bitsoa hekeng. Ditlhoko tsa thepa tjheseletsa e etsa qeto ea hore metsi sefi e hahoa joalo hore oksijene ha hotetsa kapa acetylenically boima ka lesoba boapeelo kapa serumula. Metsi sefi se hakaalo hore e ba teng ka phetolo sesebediswa, ho ke ke tlhokahalo ea polokeho mollo e hakaalo entseng.

koalo e behoa lekhalo pakeng tsa serumula le serumula, ho ea ka litaelo tseo e le boemong bo botle le ho ba nako le nako tlala metsi ya maemo a boemong ba. sesebediswa sena ke balebeli ba potoloho ka sehloohong ea thepa e tjheseletsa.

Diselennere bakeng sa poloko ea likhase petetswa

Diselennere entsoe ka methapo ea tšepe cylindrical sebopeho. The lesoba conical ka molala karolo e koetsoeng e koetsoe-theoha belofo ka tshekatsheko ya. Komponeng balune leboteng entse tsela seamless, le lintho tse bonahalang tse e alloyed k'habone tšepe. Paint fihlela qetellong nolofalletsa ho lemoha mofuta oa khase beha ka hare. Oksijene e isoa ka lijaneng putsoa, diselennere acetylene penta tšoeu, bosehla bo botala bb ba itse dikahare hydrogen, tse setseng likhase combustible di kenngoa ka setshelo e khubelu.

Ka holim'a silindara le khase tse ngotsweng ya data nameplate. Storage ditlhoko tsa thepa tjheseletsa alakisi diselennere hlomamisa plate 'me e tsitsitseng ho molaleng leboteng. Moqomo valve bakeng sa polokelo ea oksijene e entsoe ka koporo, ho sebelisa tšepe e sa lumelloa ka lebaka la ho ts'enyeho ea thepa e ka mahareng gaseous. Cranes acetylene diselennere khase entsoe ka tšepe, ho e hanetsoeng ho sebelisa koporo le motsoako koporo tse nang le ho feta 70%. Acetylene bopa motsoako e phatlohile ka kopanelo le koporo.

gearboxes khase

Joalo tjheseletsa lintho tse bonahalang e le reducer sebeletsa ho reset khatello khase e tsoang silindara le ho boloka le bontša boemong ya kamehla nakong ea lohle tshebetso nako tsotellehe phokotsong la khatello ka lintho tse bonahalang balune. Reducers lokolloa kopanetsoe-kamoreng le ba se nang balekane-kamoreng. ka tsela e atlehileng mosebetsi pele ho feta, khatello e hlokomelwa kamehla le ha le hatsele nakong nako e telele metsoako tšebeliso khase. Bakeng sa fa khase ho boapeelo ba rabara Hose le lesela lera hore feta le teko pele sa matla le hlooho thibelo, e le ho na le litokomane tse khethehileng. Thoko sebetsa hoses tsa oksijene le acetylene. Bakeng sa parafine le tšebeliso peterole filing sleeveless ea lintho tse bonahalang ka manganga ho peterole.

Ditlhoko tsa thepa tjheseletsa

Bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe ea thepa tjheseletsa sebelisoa ho latela melao-motheo ea thata-thata, e leng ho hlaka hore na ditlhoko ho amoheloa le ho laola lintho. mekga tsohle hore o ile a ea ho hlahisa ho tjheseletsa consumables fekthering a fuoa lengolo mme bo hlalosang le entsprechen botekgeniki:

• tekena phepelo moetsi thepa;
• matshwaonyana entsoeng ka mangolo le linomoro tse bontšang ho cha le mofuta;
• serial palo ya qhibiliha sa mokga le phetoho;
• pontshi kapa holim'a boemo ba terata eleketrode;
• le lik'hemik'hale tsa motsoako le Peresente pontšo;
• ho phetha molao feela litšobotsi tse sa sephetho ao cheseletse seam;
• letlooa boima.

Kakaretso ditlhoko tsa kaofela li-electrode li stably tukang selikalikoe, hantle-thehoa seam. Metal hardfacing fumana tsamaisanang ho esale pele lik'hemik'hale, qhibiliha molamu ha sebetsa e evenly ntle qaphaletso le excretion ea dintho nang le chefo e. Terata khothalletsa ho hlahisa boleng bo phahameng tjheseletsa, slag e tlosoa holim kopanetsoeng habonolo seam barbotage ke tsoarellang. Li-electrode tobileng li boloketsoe bakeng sa nako e telele.

Ho phetha tshebetso tjheseletsa mong le e mong dintlha ka botlalo. Tšebeliso ea thepa boleng mosebetsing oa phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa ho ba metsoako e tsitsitseng le tsoarellang tšepe.