The mekoloko kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia: tlhaloso, lebitso le sebaka

"U se ke ka boemo ba leholimo thota e fapaneng mona" - mantsoe Vladimira Vysotskogo, tse tsejoang ho hoo e ka bang tsohle, e ka ba le lepetjo le reng ea sehlooho sena. Ho ka lithabeng, ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa liphallelo tsohle tsa tlhaho. Ha ho makatse, binoa mesebetsi ea liroki tse ngata, ba ile ba hohela bahahlauli, climbers le batho ba neng ba batla ho qoelisa bona ka bobona ka e ikhethang, ha ho letho le ka boemo ba leholimo bo tšoanang. Sheba 'mapa' meleng, e mong a ka bona e ngata mekoloko lithaba hasane ka mose ho bophara. Ruileng bona 'me sebaka Serussia.

makgetheng libaka tsa Russia

lithabeng tseo Russia, joaloka balebeli ba leliboho lehlakoreng ka boroa le ka leboea-bochabela mathōkong a naha, ho bōpa e ikhethang le e ka tšeptjoang thebe ea libakeng bataletse. Feela Ural tse matla ka sebete lifapano le expanses leholo la Russia, ha ho rarolla le meeli, kapa ha nako e ntse. The bongata ba baahi ba lulang libakeng tse bataletseng, bona lithaba kapa TV, kapa ka linako tse ling, ho khefu libakeng tse lithaba. Ka tlaase ho halofo ea libaka oa liphallelo ka Russia e koahetsoe ke lithaba. Le hoo e ka bang tsohle mekoloko ea Russia tse ka South le Hōle East dinaheng.

Ka bokhutšoanyane ka lithabeng

Haeba u tšoara litšobotsi hlalosang, eo u ka bona hantle hore na lithaba li ka pel'a moshebelli, ho tsebahatsa 'maloa tsa lintlha tse itseng:

• bophahamo ba fetang limithara tse 200 ka holimo ho boemong ba leoto;
• matsoapong moepa;
• ho ba teng ha litlhōrō.

Ka tšimoloho ea lithaba fapana. Haeba ho na le e ne e le deformation ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše, ho ile ha hlaha lithaba - mofuta tectonic.

Ka lebaka la e tebileng ha seretse se chesang ho foqoha ha molora, le likaroloana tse ling ipokellela, eaba ba etsa lithaba. lihlopha tse joalo li se hlahang ho yona ha seretse se chesang, 'me kamehla ho na le ke ka mokoting o chekiloeng ka holimo a joalo a thaba.

bophahamo liphetoho, le bakoang ke khoholeho ea mobu, e ka boela bōpa lithaba. Hangata e tse fapaneng tse 'maloa tsa hlahang ho yona homogeneous bokane tšimong e tšoanang. Joale ba bitsoa tsamaiso ea lithaba.

List of maporogo Russia

Ho fumana 'muso boselamose, litlhaku tseo ka tloaelo a romela "ka mor'a lithaba le leoatle." Ke feela moo re u re le tseleng re. Thabeng mekoloko ea Russia, ka ntle ho hlompheha Ural, teng mathōkong a naha. Ka sebakeng seo eona e ka bang 20 kapa mekoloko ho feta lithaba 1, th. Tsebahatsa litlhōrō, phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa tsona e nkoa Elbrus. Empa ho na le ho joalo ba sa utloeng litsebeng le ka thata ho finyella libakeng tse lekanya bophahamo ba bang litlhōrō ke ke ha khoneha. Conventionally maporogo Russia ka arotsoe ka likarolo tse tšeletseng:

1. Caucasus.
2. Ural Mountains.
3. Hibiny.
4. Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela.
5. South Siberia.
6. North-bochabela ea Siberia.

Lintho tsena tse tharo tse fetileng akarelletsa oa tšimo ea e pharaletseng haholo, e leng beha kholo ka ho fetisisa thaba e mekoloko le maporogo ea Russia.

Tse fapaneng Siberia leboea-bochabela

Sebakeng se ka leboea-bochabela ea Siberia ke botle bo hlollang tsa mefuta. Bacha le ba hōlileng lithaba, taiga libakeng tsa tundra e - hore 's ea mofuta wa sebaka le la sebakeng seo. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Bochabela-Siberia Plateau, Thaba Tlhōlo, fihla ba bolelele ba km 3. O ile a ke e mong oa phahameng ka ho fetisisa har'a lithaba tsohle tsa Bochabela Siberia, eo otlolla bakeng sa km fetang 14. Ntle gogo ena, drive kenyeletsang Verkhoyansk Range, Mountain Byrranga le Central Siberia Plateau.

Masimong a ka leboea-bochabela atoloswa nako ea mafika ea Mesozoic le Cenozoic. Hape, ho na le glaciers ea boholo-holo le ea kajeno. Subarctic mofuta tlelaemete isang 'nete ea hore ba bang ba linōka tse hoamisoa ka feletseng, ke hore, ka ho toba ho ea tlaase e.

Se lithaba naheng Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk Ridge ka 'mapa oa Russia ke e' ngoe ea tse supileng libakeng tse lithaba tsa leboea-bochabela. E leng ka naheng ea Yakutia. tsamaiso e kenyeletsa mekoloko joalo e kholo ea Russia e le Harulahsky, Orulgan le Suntar-Hayata. Boemo ba leholimo ba sebakeng sena e fapaneng ho tiea. Batang le tlaase le dithemparetjha e laoloa ke likhoeli tse 8-9 ka mola. Ka January, mocheso karolelano e theolela ho -40. Snowpack qala ho qhibiliha ka June, le hoja ea selemo e fihla ho pota bohareng ba bo-May. Lehlabula le batlang e le khutšoanyane le botsoalle, ka seoelo ho futhumala ho feta likhato tse 14. E ne e nakong ena ka karolo eo tau oa pula.

Ka lebaka la maemo a boemo ba leholimo thata, baahi ba sebaka sena se seng oa bohlokoa haholo, ka ho latellana, makhulo le meru li sebelisoa hampe. Liminerale Verkhoyansk lithaba oona tsamaisong - khauta le tšepe polymetallic. Verkhoyansk Ridge ka 'mapa oa Russia otlolla bakeng sa 1200 km le ho tswa Lena River ke Tompo, Aldana inflows.

botle khethehileng li bitsa lithaba tsa moo. Russia Ridge bitsoa Verkhoyanskiy ke tsoana haholo kemisong Alpine sebaka. Ka litlhōrō jeoa ke bolutu a batang Verkhoyansk Range laola Arctic matšoafo. Feela ka tlase ho hoammeng tundra sōtō lehoatata e nkeloa sebaka ke limela tsa lona mafutsana. Ka matsoapo hola dwarf Siberia phaene, dwarf birch, larch le lihlahla. Hape, ho na le steppe kenyelletsoa.

Sehlōhō ka boroa Siberia: lithaba sepakapaka

Ho ea ka bochabela ea Ural Mountains, tse fetang likete-kete km, thaba e Siberia - naha ea botle hlollang le ho hloka sekoli. Russia ranges tse sebakeng sena, e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara:

• Altai.
• Alatau.
• Sayan.
• Salair.
• Tuva lithaba.
• Transbaikalia.
• Baikal.
• The mokokotlo.
• Aldan Plateau.

Mountain ranges le maporogo ea Russia, tse kang Altai, motle haholo le shebahala joaloka khoro e kaba. E bohareng ba e Altai Mountains e teng Teletskoye Lake. Libakeng tse ling, ho na le masabasabeng, makhulo, joaloka Alpine, kalaka meru. Altai ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke Thaba ea Belukha. bophahamo ba hae - km fetang 4,5.

Hlahlamang ho Altai le lithabeng haufi Alatau le Sayan. The lithaba libakeng tsena sona e ba sephara haholo, ho fihla ho fihlela ho km makholo a tšeletseng. The Sayan Mountains qala tsela e khōlō Yenisei. Qalong, nōka e ne e lehaqasi le capricious, empa ka mor'a ho hahoa ha dimela fehlang motlakase kokobetsa bohale ba hae. tsamaiso ea tsena thabeng ea maporogo haufi Russia, bao mabitso li tsejoa ho qapa: Tuvan le lithabeng le ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa Mongun-Taiga, Sangi-Len, Tannu-Ola. Litlhōrō tsa Dome Sayan Mountains Tuva-joaloka. Haufi le moeli Mongolian glaciers nyenyane matsoapo itesella ho steppe libakeng.

balebeli ba chesehang ba tebileng Lake Baikal le lithabeng Baikal sebakeng, joaloka foreimi ea bohlokoa pota-potiloe ke pond purest. Ka tsela eo, ponahalo ea eona e tlameha letšeng phahameng tectonic mosebetsi a hlokomela ena mefuta e fapaneng lithaba. About puso le tletseng likhathatso la karolo e ka holimo ea lefatše sebakeng sena re litšisinyeho tsa lefatše khafetsa. Ha seretse e sa kamehla tletse botlaaseng ba letša, e ne e ka fihla ka botebo ba 6 km.

Nakoana ka bochabela ke mekoloko ea lithaba tsa Russia tlasa lebitso la Baikal. Tšobotsi bona ke bophara palo e kahodimodimo ea lebanta Thaba e fihla likete km. Bolelele palo yohle ya Trans-Baikal ke ka 4 likete tse km.

Mokokotlo: borokho pakeng tsa libaka

Haufi le ka boroa ranges Pacific tse amanang le Bochabela bo Hōle. A maqhama o tlohang ka liketso tse ketane e Russia e ba mokokotlo le Aldan sehlabeng. The orilla ka sehloohong sa batho ba bangata ba fetoha pakane le ho tlohelloa, le likhohlong, le meru. Liphiramide tse lithabeng tseo tšobotsi tsa tlhaho pakeng tsa Amour le Saha, le vertex ha tsoha ka holimo 2 km. Ka matsoapong 'me ka likhohlo Stanovoi Range hōla lifate haholo phaene. Liphiri, lipōli le liphokojoe hoo e ka bang baahi feela ba libaka tsena, haese ka lihlopha tse nyenyane tsa nomads: ho Chukchi, Tungus le Yakuts.

Bochabela bo Hōle: boholo ba

Mountain mekoloko ea Bochabela bo Hōle e fapaneng haholo le tsejoa esale pele. Dzhugdzhur tsa orilla teng lebōpong la Leoatle la Okhotsk, ba huleloa ka naha ea Amur le Primorye le Sakhalin, Kamchatka le Kurils. Ho pholletsa le tlisang liphallelo ke variegated haholo, sitisoa ke gulfs, liphula le matša. Ka matla Sakhalin Island teng East Sakhalin le West Sakhalin Mountains. Ho feta moo, ho tloha Kamchatka ho Japane, le Kuril orilla otlolla, eaba ba etsa e khethollang sehlekehleke sohle selikalikoe. Ka ho Kamchatka Hloahloeng ikhethang foqohang seretse se chesang Kluchevskoy.

Kluchevskoy: perela ea Kamchatka

Sena se foqohang seretse se chesang le mafolo-folo ke ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea hloahloeng. vertex bophahamo ke ka 5 km, kapa ho ba nepahetseng, ho feta limithara tse 4800. Ka lebaka leo, seretse se chesang a hlokomela Eurasian phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-la bo17 la lilemo ka mor'a nako, e ile ea qhoma ka makhetlo a 55, le hoja ntle ho baka tšenyo ka ho teba ka metsana e haufi le moo. Age Klyuchevskoy leralleng nang le makholo a lilemo tse 70. Pheleng molora ka matsoapo a leralla Klyuchevskoy ka shebella ho sa feleng, hammoho le li tsamaea le letšo-letšo lipalesa makhulo mosikong oa eona.

Ba ba neng ba etsa qeto ea ho hloella tlhōrōng ea thaba, e lokela ho a hopola hore e likhase ha seretse se chesang sa lumelloe ho ba le ho eona bakeng sa metsotso e nako e telele ho feta 10. Le phahameng bophahamong e boetse ke sa tsela e molemohali ea ho ama 'mele oa motho. Empa lekhetlong lena e tla ka ho lekaneng hore thabela botle potolohileng libaka tse phahameng tse lithaba. Ka maikutlo a leha e le efe tabeng ea ho hlōla Klyuchevskoy maralla tla ba teng ka bophelo bohle.

Caucasus tlas'a ka ...

Russia e kholo ka ho fetisisa thaba e orilla - e Moholo Caucasus - e teng pakeng tsa Leoatle le Letšo le Leoatle la Caspian. Caucasus Mountains ke sa le monyenyane, empa ba ntse ba khetholloa ka kgolo ya kamehla. Ka selemo sa ea litlhōrō tsa eona li be haufi le leholimo bakeng sa emetse disentimitara tse seng kae. Greater Caucasus e na le se phahameng haholo Black Mountains, se tlaase lithaba tsa Terek, Sunzha le hore u se ke ua esita le fihle letšoao la kilometer dari ngoe. Ka boroa, e mong a ka bona lehlakoreng phahameng, arola le orilla ka sehloohong. Boikakaso ba lithabeng Caucasian - tlhōrōng ea Elbrus - ke feela ka tsimo e ea lateral Range.

Caucasus Center e ka tlasa avalanches a pharaletseng a koluoa le rockfalls. Empa boemo ba leholimo ka karolo ena ea lithaba e bonolo, tropike, ka ntho e tšoanang ho ea ka boroa ea Europe. Karolong e ka bochabela ea Caucasus e tšoana le Central ea Asia e fokolang liphallelo. Ha ho makatse hore ebe 'muso fanoa ho eona, ea bitsoang Dagestan, e fetoletsoeng e le ho bolela "se lithaba naheng".

Empa ka kakaretso Caucasus e ntle haholo hore esita le Velikiy Aleksandr Sergeevich rorisoa mo mangolong a hae.

A batla a ea Elbrus

Bua ya Caucasus, ho ke ke ha khoneha a se ke a letho ka litlhōrō tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Europe - Elbrus. Ho ena le hoo, e litlhōrō tse peli, hobane thabeng na litlhōrō tse peli tse nang le phapang ka ba bolelele ba ka bang 20 limithara tse. Ke mofuta wa sebopeho sa Elbrus - e ke foqohe seretse se chesang. About milione lilemong tse fetileng, nakong ea sebopeho lona, ka matsoapo a thaba ka breakneck lebelo hoholoa magato aa molora, mobu, e be liqubu tsa majoe. Ena eohle e ke ho butle-butle eketsa bophahamo ba foqohang seretse se chesang e. Hona joale 'a lefika sebopeho nang le boemo kakgolo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa le ski lithaba lefatšeng. Ho phaella moo, ho sa tsoa etsoa ho lethathamo la limakatso tse supileng tsa Serussia. Ka matsoapo a karolong e ka boroa ea Thaba ea Elbrus ba a hlomelloa le likoloi kabel le sebaka sa phutholohile lula bahahlauli.

Legends tsa Urals

Ho bua ka mekoloko Russia lithaba, motho a ke ke a lebala ka Ural Mountains. Ke motlotlo ea naha, a ea le mola fihla moo ho arohanang pakeng tsa bochabela le ka bophirimela. Mountains otlolla bakeng sa 2.000 km le nako e telele ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa, ho tloha Leoatleng la Arctic ho SeKazakh masabasabeng. Ho na le ke tšōmo le hore e ka lithabeng tsena li simolohile tsoelo-pele Aryans buka e ikhethang ea bohlale, ea batla mesaletsa ea letšoele la bo-rasaense le bahahlauli ba tsamaeang ho Urals ena. Na ho na le le libaka phahametseng tlhaho, e ka 'na ho thahasella esita ufologists, ka rumored, ka bajaki Ural morung bone. Sebaka sena sa liphihlelo tse hlollang e teng ka phakeng ea sechaba Taganay. Ha ho tsebahale hore kamoo lipale tsa 'nete tsa baahi ba moo, empa ha e le hantle hore sebakeng sena ho na le ho hlōleha ha oa thepa le batho ba lekaneng etela lipono makatsang - e le hantle ha latoloa.

Ka Urals, esita le nang le stonehenge lona. Ba bolela sebakeng sena o na le matla ka ho fetisisa eneji, le tšepiso. Ho gets bukkake tlosa mehopolo e mpe le matšoenyeho.

Ural litempele boholo-holo le matlong a baitlami kamehla hohela baeti ba tsoang lefatšeng lohle.

Hape, Ural Mountains - le Mecca bahahlauli, 'me ka nako leha e le efe. Lehlabula - rafting, pere palama, trekking, le mariha - ski le lineano tse matsoapo lehloa. Le lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka mor'a qala ho ea sepakapaka Chelyabinsk meteorite Lefatše e be litsela tse ratoang ho setšeng sa eona sa incidence.

Ho na le lintho tse ho etsa e Urals le Speleology: mahaheng mehahong hlalosa tšimo e tebileng ea mosebetsi.

Russia mekoloko tse fapa-fapaneng haholo, 'me ba etsa e khōlō tsa tlhaho leruo la naha ena tse fapa-fapaneng le sa hlakang. Boholo ba baahi ba Russia lulang lithoteng tsa, empa ke lithaba tse kamehla hohela batho ba nang le hloekileng botle eona tse hlaha.