The conductive litsela khōlō ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo

Ho laola 'mele kaofela kapa e mong le e lekala motho, koloi, hlokahala tseleng conductive ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. mosebetsi oa bona se seholo ke ho pulse length pepa, o ile a romela batho "ya khomphuta ya hao" ho 'mele, ya e le hantle. hloleha efe kapa efe ka ho tshebetso ya ho romela kapa ho nka pulse length kapa reflex le kutloelo-bohloko linthong tsa tlhaho e tletse lintho tse ngata pathologies tebileng 'me bophelo bo botle ho pholletsa le bophelo.

ke litseleng ka boko le lesapong la mokokotlo eng?

Litseleng tsa boko le lesapong la mokokotlo sebeletsa e le mehaho e rarahaneng neural. Ha ba ntse ba mosebetsi oa bona o ile a hlokomela tšepiso ea shocks pulsed libakeng tse itseng ea taba ea bohlooho. Ha e le hantle, le linaoa tse matšoao susumelletsa 'mele a sebetse ka boko ba pitso. lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa likhoele methapo ea kutlo ho latela likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tse conductive khoele tseleng. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• boqapi ba methapo ea kutlo;
• amanang ka tsela;
• commissural tlamme spines.

Ho phaella moo, operability tsa conductors lesapo la mokokotlo necessitates itšehla thajana latelang tlhophiso ho latela seo ba ka 'na ba e reng:

• dilenaneo;
• tšoara.

Nahanela maikutlo le tšebetso dilenaneo tsa batho

Kapa litseleng kutlo nahanela lesapong la mokokotlo 'me boko di e elements bohlokoahali ea puisano pakeng tsa tse peli tse tsamaiso ea rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa ho' mele. Ba ile ba romela e lepotlapotla ka tsepiso ea hae ea ho le leng le le lekala, likhoele mesifa, matsoho le maoto. molaetsa Instant tsa pulse length pontšo - motheo ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha ba ile ba lumela ho sisinyeha sebedisana a kgokagantswego a 'mele oa motho, o phethile ntle tshebediso ya boiteko ba letho elang hloko. Linaoa romeloa boko methapo ea kutlo likhoele ka khona ho lemoha ka kutloisiso ea ama, kutloisiso ea bohloko, 'mele mokgwa wa mocheso, e kopanetsoeng' me mesifa motility.

Motor litseleng tsa boko lesapo la mokokotlo lekanya boleng ba reflex batho itšoara joang. Ho fana ka tšepiso ea ka matshwao a medumo pulse length ho tloha hloohong ho dipheletso le orilla le reflex oona tsamaisong mesifa, ba fa motho matla a ho bokgoni ba ho ba le boitšoaro dilenaneo - tšebelisano. Hape ka litseleng tsena le boikarabelo ba ho susumelletsa phetiso ea litakatso tsa ka nģa ea makala bonwang le utluwang.

Li hokae litseleng?

Ka mor'a ho hlahloba matšoao a khethollang anatomical ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, o lokela ho sebetsana le taba ea moo tseleng conductive haholo ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo li teng, jwalo ka lentsoe lena e lokela ho sebelisoa masela a mangata methapo ea kutlo le masela. Ba behoa ka dintho itseng ea bohlokoa: moputsoa le o mosoeu. Kokangana cortex le linaka lesapo la mokokotlo setse le hemispheres letona, ke 'litseleng neural ka maqhama fana ka ikopanya le pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tse ya data.

Mesebetsi ya conductors ba makala bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa batho ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha morero le sepheeo sa reretsoe ka mafapha a itseng. Ka ho khetheha, le litsela conductive ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo li teng ka hara vertebra holimo le hlooho, o ile a hlalosa ka ho qaqileng e khōloanyane ka etsahala ka tsela ena:

1. Amanang ka mabapi - ka ea mofuta ofe "marokho" hore amahanya sebaka pakeng tsa hemispheres cortex le lesapo la mokokotlo nuclei ntho. Ka sebopeho sa bona faeba etsahala boholo bo sa tšoaneng. Batlang e le khutšoanyane ha ea ka nģ'ane ho ea Lefatše kapa lobes boko. methapo ea kutlo e sa fetisetsa linaoa feta sebakeng se itseng ho taba ea bohlooho.
2. tsela Commissural re 'mele o le sebopeho callused le etsa mosebetsi oa ho e sa tsoa thehoa metsoako likarohano ka hlooho le lesapong la mokokotlo. Masela ho tloha ka sehloohong bolelelane palesa joaloka mahlaseli, di kenngoa ka e tšoeu lesapo la mokokotlo ntho.
3. Boqapi ba likhoele methapo ea kutlo behoa ka kotloloho ka khoele lesapo la mokokotlo. tshebetso bona nolofalletsa takatso ho ka potlako hlaha ea Lefatše e le ho theha ho buisana le litho tsa ka hare. Karolo e ka nyoloha 'me a theoha litseleng tsa khoele lesapo la mokokotlo ho tluoa tabeng ea mofuta ona wa faeba.

Tsamaiso nyolosa le conductors tlaase ho linoka

Ascending litseleng tsa khoele lesapo la mokokotlo a etsa hore ho hlokahala batho bakeng sa pono, ho utloa, mesebetsi dilenaneo le ho ikopanya le bona le litsamaiso bohlokoa ea 'mele. Receptors ya data dikgokelo di ka sebaka pakeng tsa hypothalamus le karolo ea pele ea karolong e ngotsoeng lesapo la mokokotlo. The nyoloha tseleng ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo li khona ho nka le ho romela ho eketsehileng matlafatsoa pulse length tsoa holim 'a le dikarolo le e ka holimo ea epidermis le lera la mucous, bophelo-tšehetso mekhatlo.

Le eena, a theoha litseleng lesapo la mokokotlo e kenyeletsa thepa ea motheo e latelang tsamaisong lona:

• Pyramidal neuron (simoloha ka cortex bokong, moo rushes fatše, ba eta boko bakoang, 'me e mong le e toloki e teng ka manaka a eona mokokotlo).
• Neuron bohareng (enjene e tlohang pel'a lenaka hemispheres le makhapetla a nang le rootlets reflex; hammoho axons ka ketane 'me e akarelletsa likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea methapo pheriferale).
• likhoele Spinocerebellar (conductors ea lipheletsong tlaase le lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo, ho akarelletsa le chesele tšesaane le ligament).

Motho ea tloaelehileng, ha ho khetheha tšimong ea neurosurgery, ho ke ho le thata ka ho lekaneng hore a utloisise tsamaiso, eo e rarahaneng conductive tsela ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Human anatomy ba lefapha ke hlile ferekanyang sebopeho nang le phetiso neural tšusumetso e tsoang ho. Empa ka lebaka la 'mele oa hae batho teng ka unit trust e le' ngoe. Ka lebaka la tataiso habeli eo khoele lesapo la mokokotlo li tseleng conductive e fanoa ke phetiso hang-hang tsa litakatso tseo tsoele tlhahisoleseding ho tswa ho makala a laola.

Tataisa kutlo tebileng

Sebopeho sa mangata methapo ea kutlo ho nka bohato ka tsela e holimo, ke selotlolo sengoathoana. litsela tsena conductive ba thehoa ea lesapo la mokokotlo khoele likarolo tse 'maloa:

• Burdach toloki le toloki Gaulle (tseleng ke tebileng nahanela tšekamelo lehlakoreng morao tsa lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo);
• spinothalamic toloki (teng ka lehlakoreng la ka lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo);
• Gowers toloki le toloki Flechsig (cerebellar tseleng teng lehlakoreng lenaneng la).

Ka hare intervertebral nodes teng lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo lengolo la tebileng tsa nahanela. Dithulaganyo localized ka libaka pheriferale li phethoa ka loketse ho fetisisa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse, tendons, likhoele osteochondral le receptors bona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, le thulaganyo pivot seleng, Lokisa morao, le lule le tataiso ho thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Ka nahanela tebileng, kamorao methapo ea kutlo le metso u se ke ua tsamaea tebileng ka taba ea bohlooho, eaba ba etsa kamorao lesapo la mokokotlo litšiea.

Moo likhoele tsena kena thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, lia aroloa ka khutšoanyane 'me nako e telele. litseleng Ho ekelletsa moo lesapong la mokokotlo 'me boko ba romeloa ho hemispheres, moo ba e khōlō kabobotjha. Boholo ba bona ba ntse ba le ka ka libaka ea ka pele le ka morao tsa convolutions e bohareng le e ka moqhaka.

Ho latela hore tsela ya data e phethile rekolohela, eo ka eona motho a ka ikutloa joang mesifa-articular hae sethusathuto, ho ikutloa efe kapa efe eo ke sisinyehang kapa thothometsa tactile buisana. Toloki Gaulle, teng e nepahetseng e bohareng ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, aba ho nahanela la karolo e ka tlaase ea 'mele ea. Toloki Burdach teng ka holimo 'me o sebeletsa e le motataisi nahanela maoto le matsoho e ka holimo' me 'mele o karete ngollana.

U tseba joang ka isa tekanyong ea kutlo?

Lekanya tebileng nahanela lengolo la khoneha le liteko tse sa rarahanang tse seng kae. Ho li phetha ho ba le mamello koala mahlo a bona. mosebetsi oa eona ke ho khetholla libakeng tse itseng tseo ka tsona e le ngaka kapa mofuputsi etsa mofuta etseng letho la tshisinyo ka manonyeletso tsa menoana, matsoho kapa maoto. Ho boetse ho tse lakatsehang ho hlalosa ka ho qaqileng mmele mele kapa boemo ba hore o ile a nka maoto le matsoho a hae.

Ka thuso ea e tokiso fereko ho thothometsa nahanela, o ka hlahloba litsela conductive ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Mesebetsi ya sesebediswa sena ho tla u thusa ho qoolla ketsahalo nako e leng nakong eo ba le mamello ka ho hlaka o ikutloa ba thothometsa. Ho etsa sena, nka sesebediswa le tobetsa e ho utloa molumo. Mothating ona, u lokela ho beha ka ho hlahella efe kapa efe le masatsoana 'mele. Tabeng ea moo nahanela joalo oela pejana ho maemong a mang, e ka ba nahana hore otla litšiea ka morao.

Teko ka ba le boikutlo bo diriswa bolela hore mokuli, mahlo a hae koaloa, feela supa sebakeng seo ho sona ho metsotsoana e seng mekae pele ho mo ama mofuputsi. Khotsofatsang pontshi ho nkoa ka nako eo, haeba mokuli o ile a lumela phoso ka hare disentimitara ngoe.

The thetsana nahanela ea letlalo

Sebōpeho sa litseleng le conductive ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo ho fumana hore na tekanyo ea ho letlalo nahanela ka phahameng ka ho pheriferale. 'nete ea hore le thulaganyo neural amehang receptors letlalo protoneyrona. Appendages, teng centrally karolong e ka morao ea dithulaganyo, potlakela ho toba ho thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, le hore ho na le e thehoa Lisauera area.

Feela joaloka tseleng tebileng nahanela, letlalo e entsoe ka sequentially kopantswe lisele tse 'maloa methapo ea kutlo. Ka ho ipapisa le likhoele methapo ea kutlo spinothalamic toloki ya data linaoa a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tswa ho lipheletsong e ka tlaase kapa karete ea tlaase 'mele, ke hanyenyane ka holimo' me pakeng tsa.

Letlalo nahanela fapana ho latela mekgwatiriso e thehiloeng mofuta wa hlasimollang le. Ho:

• mocheso;
• mogote;
• bohloko;
• tactile.

Ka mofuta ona ea ho qetela ea letlalo nahanela, re tloaetse hore a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tebileng nahanela conductors.

U tseba joang mabapi le bohloko ba haufi le ho kena le phapang mocheso?

Ho bona hore boemo ba bohloko, lingaka li sebelisa pricking mokhoa. Ka libaka tse ngata tse sa lebelloang ho ba le mamello ngaka ha e seng mekae khanya jabs ka phini nyenyane. mahlo a mokuli e lokela ho koaloa ka lebaka bona se etsahalang, ho lokela ha ho joalo.

Monyako beha nahanela mocheso ke ho le bonolo. Boemong e tloaelehileng motho eo a ena sensations fapaneng ka thempereichara e, eo phapang e ne e le ka 1-2 °. Ho khetholla sekoli pathological ka tlōlo ea letlalo nahanela, lingaka li sebelisa e khethehileng sesebediswa - termoesteziometr. Haeba ho ke ke ha ho joalo, ho ka etsahala hore a leke ho mocheso le metsi a chesang.

Pathologies amanang le litseleng phytoteratology

Ka tsela e nyolosa ba tseleng conductive thehoa ke thapo lesapo la mokokotlo le boemong ena, eo ka eona motho a ka ikutloa tactile buisana. Ho ithuta bohlokoa ba ho nka ntho e 'ngoe le bonolo, bonolo le morethetho Hore screening o motle bakeng sa boitsebiso ba tekanyo e oa nahanela, hammoho le netefatso ya moriri itšoara joang, bristles, joalo-joalo

Mafu a amanang le letlalo nahanela, ho letsatsi, nahana ana:

1. Thethebatso - ho lahleheloa ke e feletseng ea letlalo nahanela ho holim sebakeng itseng ea 'mele. Tabeng ea tlōlo ea bohloko nahanela le hlaha analgesia, le mocheso - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - thethebatso khutlisetsang ketsahalo le hlaha ka tlaase nyakallo monyako, haeba ho bonahala gipalgeziya eketseha.
3. Misperception irritants (mohlala, ho ba le mamello mixes batang le mofuthu) ke dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - e hloka taolo liponahatso tse e ka ba ngata haholo, ho tloha hahaba formication, maikutlo a ho tšoha le temana lona ka phelang eohle.
5. Hyperpathia o na le poleloana e reng ho fetisisa e hlakileng. O ile a boela le tšekamelo ea ho hlōla thalamus, ho hōlisa monyako oa excitability, ho hloleha ho hlwaya sebakeng sa heno halefisang, boima-tlhaloganyo maikutlo colouring tsohle hore etsahalang le haholo botsoalle dilenaneo karabo.

Features mehaho downlink conductors

Theoha boko le lesapong la mokokotlo litseleng kenyeletsa mangata a 'maloa, ho akarelletsa le:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, lesapo la mokokotlo;
• skeletal-lesapo la mokokotlo;
• reticulo-lesapo la mokokotlo;
• kamorao longitudinal.

Kaofela ha thepa ea motheo e ka holimo - litseleng dilenaneo ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, e leng metsoako ea mangata methapo ea kutlo ka tataiso tlaase.

Seo ho thoeng ke pyramidal tseleng e qala ho tswa ho kholo ka ho fetisisa lisele tse tšoanang ka lera ka holimo ea boko, haholo-holo ka sebaka sa gyrus bohareng. Ho boetse ho na le tseleng anterior lesapong la mokokotlo - ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso e lebisitsoe fatše 'me o tsoela ka mafapha a' maloa a ka morao a liqholo komiki. A le makhatheng a mateanong a litsela tsa medulla le lesapong la mokokotlo ka fumanoa e le karolo ea sefapano, eaba ba etsa otlolohileng pyramidal toloki.

The tegmentum hlahisa conductive Rubra-lesapo la mokokotlo tseleng. Qala ho nka ho tloha khubung khubelu. Ha exiting likhoele tsa eona li tšela le lekoa ka khoele lesapo la mokokotlo ka Warhol le ho medulla oblongata. Rubra-lesapo la mokokotlo tseleng dumella litakatso tsa ho tloha cerebellum le basal ganglia.

Litseleng tsa taba e tšoeu ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo qala ho khubu Deiters '. Sebakeng brainstem ea, tsela ea vestibulo-lesapo la mokokotlo e tsoela pele ka ho dorsal le terminates ka manaka a eona ka pele. From mokhanni e itšetlehile ka temana eo ea litakatso tsa ho tloha ka didirisiwa skeletal ho methapo ea kutlo dilenaneo ea tsamaiso ea pheriferale.

Lisele letlooeng la sebopeho hindbrain qala tsela reticulo-lesapo la mokokotlo hore tabeng e tšoeu ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo hangata hasane ke tufts motho lehlakoreng le ka pele. Ha e le hantle, ho ke kgokahanyo ya sehlooho pakeng tsa setsi sa reflex tsa boko le musculoskeletal tsamaiso.

Kamorao longitudinal ligament o boetse o ameha mabapi le mehaho e enjene ea bakoang boko. E ama mosebetsi oa nuclei ba oculomotor le tsamaiso skeletal ka kakaretso. The morao longitudinal toloki e teng ka lesapo la mokokotlo cervical.

Liphello tsa ho se mafu a lesapong la mokokotlo

Kahoo, litsela tsa conductive ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo ke tsa bohlokoa tlohang likarolo hore fana ka motho monyetla oa mokhatlo oa ebile a ba nahanela. Neurophysiology ya data litsela tsa amahanngoa le ho peculiarities ya sebopeho la mokokotlo. E o tsejoa hore lesapo la mokokotlo khoele sebopeho pota-potiloe ke likhoele mesifa, e na le sebopeho cylindrical. Ka hare ho lesapo la mokokotlo brainstem dintho amanang ka le dilenaneo reflex litseleng laola tshebetso ea litsamaiso tsohle tsa 'mele.

Ka ketsahalo ea mafu lesapong la mokokotlo, tšenyo e phetha molao kapa malformation conductivity pakeng tsa litsi tse peli tsa motheo ka ho haholo tsa fokotswa. Maloetse a litseleng sokela monna e feletseng cessation ea ho ikoetlisa, 'me tahlehelo ea pono kutlo.

Lebaka le ka sehloohong bakeng sa lebaka la ho hloka tšusumetso e tsoang ho conduction ke lefu la dipheletso methapo ea kutlo. Boemo thata ka ho fetisisa ea meferefere conduction pakeng tsa boko le lesapong la mokokotlo e shoele litho le ho hloka boikutlo ka maoto le matsoho e. Ebe ho ka ba le mathata a ka litho tse ka hare, boko tshenyo amanang le ligament neural. Mohlala, meferefere karolong e ka tlaase ea lesapo la mokokotlo kutu bere bakeng sa laoleheng ho ntša metsi le mantle a mekhatlo.

O tšoara mokokotlo lefu thapo le litseleng?

Feela bonahala liphetoho tse holofatsang hoo e ka bang hang-hang bonahatsoa wiring ea lesapo la mokokotlo mosebetsi khoele. Khatello reflexes isang liphetoho phatlalletsoang pathological bakoa ke ho lahleheloa ke likhoele neural. Botlalo tsosolosa robehileng conductivity libakeng etsahala. Lefu lena le hlaha ka potlako le ho tsoela pele ka lebelo le lehalima, kahoo re qobe ho feteletseng conduction tsela e sa tloaelehang ka feela ba, haeba ka nako e loketseng qala meriana. Kapele sena se etsoa, le tla ba le menyetla ea cessation ea ho hōla pathological.

Bao e seng ba khannang ntse lesapo la mokokotlo pampitšana ba hloka kalafo, mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho eo e tla emisa tshebetso ya ho shoa dipheletso methapo ea kutlo. Sena se ka finyelloa feela haeba lintlha tse e thibelang e ka hore susumetsoa ponahalo ea lefu lena. Feela ebe u ka qala ho sebelisa phekolo ka sepheo sa ho palo e kahodimodimo khoneha hlaphoheloa ha mesebetsi kutlo le tsa likoloi.

meriana kalafo o ikemiseditse ho emisa tshebetso ya ho shoa lisele tse boko. mosebetsi oa bona ke ho tsosolosoa ha krovopodachi litsebeng ho sebakeng senyehileng ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Nakong ea kalafo lingaka ka lintlha lilemo, mofuta le ho tiea tsa tshenyo le lefu letotong. Ka litseleng phekolo ke habohlokoa ho lula re ena le tlhotlheletso kamehla likhoele methapo ea kutlo ke mokhoa oa ho linaoa motlakase. Sena se tla be le khotsofatsang mesifa molumo.

Ho buuoa o etsoa ho tsosolosa lesapong la mokokotlo conduction, leha ho le joalo e etsoang ka litsela tse peli:

1. Hatelloang sa lisosa tsa shoele litho tsa dikgokelo neural.
2. Tlhotlheletso ya kutu lesapo la mokokotlo bakeng sa ho fumana ea pele ea mesebetsi lahlehile.

Sebelisa ho tlameha ho etelloa pele ke hore a hlahlobe ho phethahetseng tsa bongaka ea 'mele kaofela. Sena se tla beha dithulaganyo diriswa degeneration tsa likhoele methapo ea kutlo. Ka maemo a ho haholo likotsi lesapo la mokokotlo, o lokela ho qala ka tlosa compression bakang.