SSR Moldavia: nalane ya thuto, tlhaloso, libaka le metseng e meholo. Matsoho le folakha Moldova SSR

Sehlooho sena se tla sheba hore na SSR Moldavia. rephabliki ena e ile sebakeng ka boroa-bophirimela ho feteletseng ba karolo European ea Soviet Union, eo ho eona ke karolo. MSSR ileng ba bōptjoa ka 1940, ka la 2 August, 'me qhaloa ka 1991, 27 August. Ka bochabela, leboea le boroa ho meeli le SSR Seukraine, le ka bophirimela - le Romania. Ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba lona e ne batho 4337 sekete. Chişinău City e ne e le motse-moholo oa MSSR.

Metse e ka sehloohong ea Moldova ka 1989 e ne e le Chişinău (667,100 baahi), Tiraspol (181 900 baahi ba), Balti (158 500 baahi ba), Bender (130 000 baahi ba). Nakong ea lilemo tsa matla a Soviet Union ho phaella metseng e nyenyane le metsaneng ea pele e neng e eketseha motse Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Ikopanya USSR Bessarabia

'Muso oa Soviet Union ka 1940, ea 26 le ea 27 June, o ile a romela lintlha tse peli ho Seromania boeta-pele, e leng a batla ka potlako hore a phethe mosebetsi oa Bessarabia. Romania moqhaka lekhotla e ne e sitoa ho fumana tšehetso ea Jeremane le Italy, kahoo ka tlameha ho fana ka tumello ho puso ea Soviet Union. Mmuso Seromania li ile tsa amohela lintlha le tshisinyo ho tloha 28 June, 1940 ka ho khutla ha Bessarabia, mokhoa le nako ea ho khaotsa ho tsuba ba likarohano tsa eona le batsamaisi ba. Red Army diyuniti kena ka letsatsi le le leng (28 June) profinseng ea Bessarabia RSFSR.

Tsamaiso ea 9th Army e ile qhaloa ka July 10. Bessarabia le lebotho la naha setseng ka linaha tsena e-ba karolo ea Odessa Military Setereke.

sebopeho

Ka 1940, la 2 August, e neng e tšoaretsoe VII fa setlhopha se kopane Ea Holimo-limo ba Soviet Union ba USSR, eo amohetse molao ka ho thehoa ha ho Union ea Republic Moldavia.

Moldavia SSR ka sebopeho lona ne masimong a latelang: counties 6 of Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) le literekeng 6 tsa pele e neng e ASSR Moldavia (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) The libakeng tse setseng MASSR le le Ismail, Akkerman le Khotin literekeng tsa Bessarabia ile ra isoa ho SSR Seukraine.

Hamorao, ka 1940, 4 November, USSR ka Holimo-limo Union Presidium o ile a ntša molao-taelo eo a tiisa phetoho ea meeli pakeng tsa MSSR le USSR. Nakoana pele ena, Molotov le Schulenburg etsa qeto ea tumellano tse eketsehileng, ho ya ka e le batho ba Jeremane ho tloha Northern Bukovina (tse fetang 14,000) le Southern Bessarabia (ka 100,000) ba ile ba lelekeloa Jeremane. Ka nako eo linaha letho ba ile ha thehoa mapolasi, moo batho ba ka memeloa ho ea Ukraine.

Bōptjoa ha SSR Moldavia e ile phethahatsoa ka potlako. Sebōpeho sa rephabliki e kenyelleditswe 61 baahi ba c ho fedisa ka palo ea batho ba 55 000 (metsana 14 libakeng tse pele e neng e MASSR, 1 motse, Cahul setereke, metse 46 ya Bender seterekeng). Ke SSR Seukraine ba ile ba fallela metsaneng e 96 e nang le baahi ba ka 203 000 ba (76 metsaneng ea setereke Khotyn, 14 - Akkerman le 6 - Ismail counties).

liphetoho tsena li ne li susumetsoa ke 'nete ea hore metsaneng ea SSR Seukraine fetile rena Se-bulgaria, Seukraine le Serussia baahi,' me ka isoa ho Moldavia SSR - Gagauz le Moldova.

sephetho

Ka lebaka leo, ho MSSR e ne e le tšimo ea o leng sona 33,7 likete sq. Km, nang le baahi ba meea milione 2,7, e leng 70% ne Moldovans. Chisinau ea e-ba motse-moholo oa rephabliki ena. Ka mor'a hore ho kopanngoa ha makala tsa Bessarabia, ba SSR Moldavia e lahlehileng 10 likete sq. Km naha le batho ba limilione tse 0.5.

O ile a tšoaroa 'me a lelekeloa 8000 Ka 1940, ho batho ba matsoalloa a moo, ' me ka 1941 13 June - ho feta 30 sekete.

Bessarabia nakong ea lilemo tse ntoa

Nakong ea baahi Second World Ntoa Bessarabia kenya letsoho ntoeng mahlakoreng ka bobeli a loantšanang. The Seromania lebotho la li ne li bitsoa 10,000 Bessarabians: ba loantša Soviet Union, 'me tse fetang halofo ba bona ba tetse ho sethotsela. Ho lokolloa ha ka SSR Moldavia ho tswa ho Seromania Mosebetsi hlahile ka 1944. Hang ha rephabliki o ile a nka masole a Soviet Union, o ile a ea ka pele 256 000 baahi ba Moldova, eo ka 1944-1945 feletsoeng bophelong ba batho ba 40 592.

Boemo babapatsi

Ho joalo, re li tšohlileng sebopeho sa SSR Moldavia. Hore na ho etsahala'ng? Ho tsosolosoa ha moruo oa rephabliki o mocha oa USSR, tekanyetso ea matlotlo ile ka isoa li-ruble tse limilione tse 448. Pele ho tsohle, a tsosolosa marokho le mecha ea puisano e ka mose ho Dniester phatloha ikhula Seromania sesole. ea Red Army e ile ea romeloa ho ea nhat tsa mafapha moruo hore thusa baahi ba moo. Kaofela ha Nistru noka tšela September 19, 1944 ba 'nile ba tsosolosoa,' me ka ho Moldova e ile ea khoneha ho kenya mechine le thepa. Mariha ka 1945, le rephabliki e ne e imported thepa bakeng sa 22 tsa mekhatlo e kgolo.

Maemo a moruo

Ho tsosolosa indasteri Moldavia SSR amohetse mashala (lithane tse 226,000), tšepe ferrous (lithane tse 20,000), lihlahisoa tsa oli (tonnes 51 000). Ke papiso ka boemo ba 1940, tsoekere e ile ya hlahiswa ka 1945 ho feta 16%, ka holimo jeresi ke 36%, oli 84%, setene ka 42%, motlakase ke 48% le ea letlalo lieta ke 46%. 226 ile tsosolosoa kopanetsweng le mapolasi 60.

Tse ngata le lirephabliking tsa Soviet Union (haholo-holo RSFSR) Moldova a isoa likhomo (10,800 hlooho), linku (47 700 hlooho), dipeo (boima ba lithane tse 17,4), lipere (17 300 hlooho), mokhoa oa masimo a sebetsana le ho feta. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1946, tlala 'me palo ea likhomo o ile a qala ho sekama. Ka tsela eo, ka lebaka la 25 000 linku le lipōli, ha feela le RSFSR, ke 1947 o ile a lula ho na le lihlooho tse ling tse fetang 18 000. Ka 1949, ho balemi ruileng ba ile ba lelekeloa naheng ea habo, 'me thepa ea bona: thepa, naha, liphoofolo tse ruiloeng le lijalo - isoa mapolasi kopanetsweng.

tlala

Joalokaha u ka bona, e leng thuso ea tsotehang amohetse Moldavia SSR. Pale tsoela hore ho sa tsotellehe sena, ka hare ho naha bothata ea e-ka 1946, leha ho le joalo, e le libakeng tse ling tsa USSR. Ka Bessarabia ho ne ho le likhaello tsa lijo ka mor'a qetellong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, 'me esita le ka 1945, chaba nakong ea lehlabula e omme. Ka lebaka la khaello ea lijo palo ea litšito (haholo-holo bosholu) e ile ea eketseha ka tsela e hlollang.

Ka lebaka la bothata le, lihoai li ile ba qala ho hana ho nehelana ka kotulo (haholo-holo bohobe) matla. Ka linako tse ling kaofela kopanetsweng gane go tsenelela pokello lihlahisoa. liketsahalo tsena, ba boholong sebakeng seo ho thoeng ke "linnete tsa fetoha ha maikutlo a kotsi". Ke ka lebaka leo boeta-pele ba USSR lokolloa Moldova ho tswa ho phepelo litokisetso tse itseng ka lirephabliki tse ling tsa Soviet Union, 'me le Lefubelu Army.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho tloha ka 1947 ho Moldova ho tloha lirephabliki tse ngata tsa Soviet Union imported phepelo e eketsehileng lijo.

Sovietization

The boeta-pele ba Soviet Union ba ho tsoela pele leano la Sovietization la 1940, emisitswe ka lebaka la ntoa. Matla dynamically matlafatsa ka har'a naha. Ea Holimo-limo ba Soviet Union ba Moldavia Union Bososhiale Republic le 'muso mor'a hore a khutlele ho tloha sebakeng seo, pele kenngoa ka Soroca,' me joale ile a fallela Chisinau. Tataisa ho tsosolosa boholong sebakeng seo: ho likomiti phethahatso lebatowa li ile tsa bōptjoa ke lona kabelong ya tobileng. Ka hoetla selemong sa 1944 ba ile ba qala ho sebetsa le likomiti motse phethahatso, hammoho le mahaeng, setereke le seterekeng. Ho ile tsosolosoa mesebetsi bochochisi le teko.

Presidium Ea Holimo-limo la 16 June, 1949 o ile a ntša molao-taelo ka ho thehoa ha likomiti tsa setereke phethahatso, masepala, seterekeng le motse. October 16 e ile ea hatisoa ka molao-taelo e ncha ho theha bo felisoe ba counties le literekeng. Tips - Ka December 1947, likhetho ka 'muso ea moo ba ne ba hlophisitsoe ka hare ho naha ka lekhetlo la pele ka mor'a ntoa. likomiti phethahatso kgethilweng ka fa setlhopha se kopane e qalang ea Masoviet. Mafapha a taolo ya le dikhomishene khethehileng bōptjoa tlas'a likomiti phethahatso.

lelekoa

The balemi, ea ileng a khona ho tsotehang chelete ea thepa poraefete, tshehetswa ke Romania ka 1941. sehlopha sena sa sala Moldova ho fihlela ka 1949. Ka lilemo tse 1944-1945, boeta-pele ba Soviet Union ba ile qobella ka likhoka dekulakize baahi joalo. Litebele le thepa ka ho mapolesa sebakeng ea moo apare rekoto. 'Muso oa Soviet Union o balwa hore ka 1946, o ile a lula ka naheng ea Moldova 27 025 ba nang le naha poraefete.

Ka mor'a hore ntoa, tlala ka hare ho naha, e le hore ho na le e ne e le mokhatlo oa-ba khahlanong le Soviet Union. Har'a baahi ba mahaeng ho fetisisa angoa ke tlala, ba ile ba aba limemo ba batlang batho ho hanela muso oa Soviet Union. Hammoho le lipampiri-ba khahlanong le Soviet Union o ile a ntša tataiso ea bolumeli, ba hasa lequloana moo.

Ka 1949 April 6th Politburo tsa CPSU (b) fetile qeto ka lelekoa naheng ea Bessarabia, pele e neng e sehlotšoana sa borapeli seo, kulaks, beng ba masimo, bagwebi le ba neng ba ile a thusa bahlaseli ba Jeremane le Seromania le thusa Whites. Kantle ho naha lelekoa malapa. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa "Sebelisa" South ". Moldova 11 290 malapeng a batho ba 40 860 ba ile ba lelekeloa. Expropriated thepa fetisitswe ka rua mapolasing matla boemo le kopanetsweng, le matlo 'me mehaho e rekisetsoa motho ka mong poraefete.

Moldova e ne e le karolo ea Soviet Union ka lilemo tse 47 ho fihlela la 27 August, 1991, pele ho phatlalatso ea boipuso.

la tsamaiso karohano

Ke eng e tla emela SSR Moldavia? literekeng tsa lona ka ka tjhelete e ya diyuniti 52 ke ka lebaka la ho arola counties ea la 11 November, 1940. 6 ho feta libakeng tsa naha a tsoa ASSR Moldavia.

Moldova e neng e tšoaretsoe ho counties latelang:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky le libakeng tse);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni le libakeng tse);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova le Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, le Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-libaka);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski le libakeng tse);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti le libakeng tse Suslensky).

Moldova ne latelang literekeng Republican thonngwa:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Ke eng hape e ena le Moldavia SSR? Republican thonngwa motse li ne li latelang naheng ena:

• Chişinău;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

boeta-pele

Kahoo, Moldavia Union Bososhiale Republic ne e le karolo ea Soviet Union ka 1940. taolo ya lona e moholo a sebelisa ho Moldova ba Makomonisi Party, e neng e le karolo ea CPSU. Ka 1990, ho kosimbaki tsa likhetho multiparty qala. E o tsejoa hore 'mele oa phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa Mokha oa Makomonisi oa MSSR ne Komiti Central (CC). Ka 1940-1990 a leba mongoli oa pele oa rephabliki ea Moldova CP.

Ka 1990, ka mor'a likhetho April, theha entseng selekane sa "Popular Front" (mekhatlo bao e seng a makomonisi a) le litho tse itseng tsa taolo ya Moldova ba Makomonisi Party, o ile a hana ho itshola a makomonisi a. Sena se ile sa bonahala ka kabo ea posts by e isang: mateanong a le matla a phethahatso ema le baemeli ba "Front Batho ba", le molao - Makomonisi pele. From April 27 ho ea ho September 3, 1990 ka poso ea molula-setulo oa ka Holimo-limo Union ea Moldavia e neng e tšoaretsoe Mircea Snegur. Lona e tšoanang ka 1990, la 3 September o ile a khethoa e le mopresidente oa rephabliki ena. Mircea Druk ne Molula-setulo sa Lekhotla la Matona ea 25 May 1990 ho 28 May 1991, ka nako eo maemo a hona ile a hapa Muravskiy Valery.

Lekhotla le Phahameng

e ne e le eng ka ho fetisisa ha molao o ba Moldova lilemong 1940-1991? E ne e le la le Phahameng (unicameral), eo matona (ntle le likhetho 1991), ba ne ba ya kgethilweng ho se na bothata ka lebaka la lilemo tse 4 (lilemo tse 5 kaha 1979). Pele dikgetho, bonkgetheng amoheloang ke moeta-pele oa Mokha oa Makomonisi oa Moldova.

Lekhotla le Phahameng hase mokhatlo oa ka ho sa feleng, litho tsa eona ba bokana ka makhetlo a 2-3 selemo ka fa setlhopha se kopane, e leng e ile ea nka matsatsi a seng makae. Ho khanna mosebetsi taolo a sa khaotse a kgethilweng ralipolotiki sebetsa Mopresidente, nkoa e le hlooho kopanetsweng ea rephabliki ena.

baki matsoho

Joale nahana ka seaparo tsa matsoho a SSR Moldavia. Sena ke letšoao la ea sechaba sa SSR Moldavia, e thehiloeng seaparo se matsoho a Soviet Union. Ho ea ka sehlooho se reng 167th ea Molao oa Motheo oa Moldova, amohelehang ka 1978. Ka la 15 April, ho na le setšoantšo sa hamore le sekele, kenngoa ka letsatsi. sebopeho sena se pota-potiloe ke litsebe tsa poone, litsebe tsa poone, e tetemang ea morara le khubelu lente le, leo ho na le mengolo: kwa tlase ke mangolo bonahalang "RSSM" ka lehlakoreng le letona, u ka bala tsekedi Russia, On letšehali - ena ke polelo e ngotsoe ka "Proletarians ea linaha tsohle, kopanya!" puo Moldova. Ka holimo a tsa seaparo se matsoho a khabisitsoeng ka naleli hlano nchocho.

Seaparo se Arms ba SSR Moldavia na version 'maloa. Qalong, ke a batla a fapane le tsa mopeleto le morao tsa lentsoe "kopanya" puo Moldova le bolelele ba mahlaseli a letsatsi. Seaparo sa matsoho a Republic ile ea amoheloa ka fa setlhopha se kopane plenary tsa 'muso oa Moldova, e ile ea etsahala ka 1990, leqepheng la 3 November.

folakha

'Me e shebahalang joaloka folakha ea SSR Moldavia? Ke ya khutlonnetsepa peli tsehelitseng lesela e khubelu, e le setsi sa e sa e tletseng bolelele penta tala mola. Ka semelo sa khubelu ka e ka holimo le letšehali le sekhutlo ke karolo botlaaseng ba tšoantšetsa tsa MSSR - hamore le sekele le-o ile a bolela tse hlano khauta naleli e khubelu, selikalikoe lenaneng la khauta leliboho.

Motako ae phethang e mong ea bone e le bophara ba lesela. Hamore le sekele ngotsoe ka lisekoere inahanelang bao lehlakoreng tšoana le ea bohlano ea bophara ba folakha. The mohele ea hamore le sekele ka likhutlong e ka tlaase ea lisekoere, 'me lehare sekele e itšetlehile ka e le setsi sa lehlakoreng lona e ka holimo.

naleli hlano nchocho o boetse o bontšitsoe ho tloaelehileng lesakaneng bophara lekanang le karolo ea leshome ea e le bophara ba ho web. MSSR taolo ya amohelehang ena folakha molao-taelo oa January 31, 1952. phanele a latelang o ile a hlalosa sehloohong 168 ea Molao oa Motheo oa ho MSSR 1978.

Re tšepa hore ka mor'a ho bala sehlooho sa rōna, o fumana setšoantšo se feletseng sa SSR Moldavia.