Seretse: mefuta e fapaneng, litšobotsi tse

All methati ea ho hōla batho amanang le bora bo sa khaotseng le inkela ka mahahapa ea masimong a tsoang linaheng tse ling. E leng motse oa boholo-holo e ne e le qhobosheane, e Garrison ileng ea hantle e sirelelitsoe ke marako a phahameng. Hangata, ho hapa e matlafatsang joalo bolela tlhōlo ka ho feletseng ea ntoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho thibelloa telele la motse la tsamaea le mahlatsipa phahameng haholo ka mahlakoreng a mabeli.

Ho ne ho hlokahala ho bōptjoa disebediswsa botekgeniki reretsoe ho timetsa "ka lintho tse tebileng" tšireletso. Ho tloha ka nako ya Aleksandra Makedonskogo tlile ho buuoa pele ea "Ballista" - liletsa khonang ho betsa majoe ka tsela lesira. Tsobotsi ena lumella hore sesebediswa, ke phetoho ea catapult e, sesosa tshenyo sera, maphepheng bakeng fortification.

Qetellong ba supileng lekholong la lilemo la ballista molao-motheo e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka ho hahoa ha seretse - sethunya, fula e hlaha ka lehlakoreng le ya likhato 45. Mohlahlami oa lithunya 'me ea e-ba seretse sa. Photo sesebediswa, mefuta ea eona, ho loantša litšobotsi le tobileng tse hlahisoang tlhahlobo ena. E boetse e hlalosa histori ea pōpo le ntshetsopeleng mekhahlelo ea mofuta ona ea libetsa.

tlhaloso

Seretse - libetsa sethunya, e etselitsoeng ho thunya nakong e hlaha ka lehlakoreng le kgolo ya bophahamo e le hore a hlōle ka sireletsa manpower le ho timetsoa ha ea puisano se etselitsoeng qhobosheane ea tšimo. E le e mosa ea seretse, e tšoauoa ka ho ba sieo ha ka palo le sesebediswa monahano o - ho tlosa likarolo tsena Range ho, e leng e behiloeng ka ka lebaka kapa makoloi armored. Thunya ho tloha ntse masiba seretse mahlaahlela, eo ho eona shank e tlamelletsoeng qoso propellant.

lesedi tsa histori

Sebetsa pele hore letlobo le projectile, ka, a betsa fihlela tsela moepa e ne e sebelisoa ke e Russia lebothong la ntoa le Japane ka 1904-1905., Nakong sireletsa Port Arthur. 'Mōpi oa "sethusathuto bakeng sa thunya ka mefuta e fapaneng le haufi," e ile ea ofisiri le moenjiniere Leonid Nikolaevich Gobyato.

Sethunya ea e-ba motheo oa 75 limilimithara howitzer le moqomo le fokotswa ikamahanya le maemo ho ka sekepe a betsa e. Ka mor'a moo, le lecha "ho makatse hore ebe-sethunya," e ipakile litšoaneleho tsa bona tse babatsehang ntoa, ho ile ha bitsoa "seretse". A betsa kgatlhanang lisebelisoa itšetlehile ka liphetoho tse hlaha ka lehlakoreng le ya tšekamelo ea moqomo, 'me chelete e qoso, le di akareditse go tsewa tloha limithara tse 50 ho ea ho 400.

boiphihlelo Russia ea seretse e se ka hloko o ile a ithuta ka ho litsebi linaheng tse ling. Tshebediso tsa litonanahali tsa sesebediswa ba ile ba fumana ka mor'a Ntoa ea World 1914-1918. Ka matsoho a ea lebotho la borena la Russia ka 1915 ba lopolloa likanono tsa caliber 47 le 58 limilimithara, e neng a betsa fapaneng ya limithara tse 400 le 520, ka ho latellana. Bakeli a maqheka ana e ne e le motsamaisi oa libetsa E. A. Lihonin.

The seretse sesebediswa

Ho utloisisa kamoo ho thunya seretse, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka li entseng ka eona. Sethunya nang dikarolo mararo a ka sehloohong:

1. Kutu. E elements ka mokgwa wa le phala e etsang qeto ea hore tataiso ea sefofane ea projectile ena. likarolo Vertex loketseng soketeng (a) ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa ho play loading bonolo. The tlase ea moqomo - breech le drummer petelitsoe ka ho sona (ka) e le phunyeletsa ho komiki likhetla (merafong).
2. Lekapa botlaaseng. Dintlha ke hinged mabapi le moqomo. Ho sebetsa lebisa sethunya nakong a betsa ka ho fetisa matla a monahano o holim'a metsi (fatše, cheisi le sa t. D.).
3. Fry. Setho tšehetsa moqomo oa sebetsa. The a phuthilweng stowed boemo ba ka tsela selemo SIRC (s).

Molao-motheo oa tshebetso le mefuta e fapaneng ya seretse

Seretse hamore mochine lokisetsa striker ka, mounted karolong e ka tlaase ea kutu. Sethunya qoso - Ming - fepa ka karolo thiba molomo. li-slide Munition holim boreleli, le komiki teng ka karolo mohatla, "prick" ka stinger a betsa Pin, le etsa hore ho thunngoa se hlahile. mofuta ona e bitsoa drummer thata, ho ke ke e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ka ho haha le ho e ka fana ka palo e phahameng ea mollo.

Mahlaahlela lithunya - Ming - ke lerotholi e bōpehileng joaloka 'mele burster warhead, le botsitso empennage mohatla. E beha tsoaka le ka sehloohong (propellant), 'me liqoso tse eketsehileng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka sona e laolwa ke lebelo ka lekhetlo la pele le hole ea projectile sefofane.

Ho fumana sebaka se ka eo seretse ke khona ho etsa ho thunngoa, thusa tafole khethehileng a bōpa batho ka bomong ka mong mofuta oa lithunya. Nahana ka mohlala o tloaelehileng oa dipalelo joalo.

A betsa tafole. Seretse 120mm São 2S9

Kahoo, re ka etsa qeto ea hore projectile sefofane hole itšetlehile eseng feela ka ea boholo ba propellant, empa hape ke ho bophahamo angle ea lisebelisoa. Hlokomela hore lebelo ea pele ea ho munition le hole hore ke khona ho hlōla hape correlated le bolelele ba moqomo oa seretse sa.

Likanono. Features lisebelisoa, lipakane tsa bona le maikemisetso

Ntoeng, bohlokwa e khōlō o khomaretse tsamaiso sebelisa mollo, monyetla oa ho kopo tsa bona ka pele-pele ho, liphello tse bosula tsa ho sebetsa le matla a ho pata. Litlhokahalo tsena li ka botlalo le boikarabelo ba seretse. Kaha e ne e seletsa le hinged tsela a betsa, ho fana ka:

1. Timetso ea sera sa manpower, eo e teng ka libakeng tse a pepesa le ho liforo, liforo, likhohlo le gullies, bakeng sa mabota paatsepama le libaka tse phahameng.
2. Hlongoa hlahang lifiliming mosi ho bebofatsa mosebetsi wa redeployment ya diyuniti lona patiloe.
3. Fana ka kgaso sebakeng ka morero oa ho sera sa "foufatsa".

entsprechen tshebetso e nang le seretse e le

• A betsa telele. E behilweng ke bonyane le hole palo e kahodimodimo ho projectile sefofane, o ile a ntša seletsa. Ka mohlala, palo e kahodimodimo a betsa fapaneng ea Russia 420 - limilimithara intša propelled seretse 2B1 "Oka", e limithara tse 45.000.
• The dikhutloteng ea moqomo supile. paramethara ena e fetola ke repositioning tšehetso bipod (bipod) lisebelisoa. The hlaha ka lehlakoreng le ya paatsepama seretse tataiso fapana ho likhato 45 ho 85, 'me tse tshekaletseng - 360.
• Nako ea ho tlisa boemo a betsa. Litšobotsi tse hore lekanya lebelo la lisebelisoa ho lokisetsa ho boloka mollo. Ka mohlala, tse ruuoang seretse 2B14-1 "floating" e ka itokisa ka botlalo bakeng sa ho metsotsoana e 30.
• Sekhahla lebetsoeng le. E behilweng ke palo ea Shots hore sethunya se hlahisa ka motsotso. The lebetsoeng le khoneha lebelo la likanono khanya ka 'na ba ka bang 30 ile phone. / Min.
• Misa munition. Ho totobatsa boima ba projectile, e leng ka mollo seretse ka. 120 - limilimithara sethunya French ho hlahisoeng RT61 (f1), ho etsa mohlala, e ka khona ho a betsa mahlaahlela ea 15 kilogerama.
• Misa sethunya boemong a betsa. Ho akarelletsa ho le boima ba 'mele ea lintho tse tsohle (seamohedi tube, palo-bipod le poleiti tšehetso) ka' muso oa bokana. Ka lithunya intša propelled ka paramethara sena se akarelletsa ea boima ba 'mele ea cheisi ena. Mohlala - e boima seretse kamehla American lebotho la M-30 ba le boemong bo a betsa, boima lik'hilograma 305, 'me propelled MLRs BM-21 "Grad", etsoa Soviet Union e na le boima ba lik'hilograma 13.700.

Boleng Martial seretse

• The palo e phahameng ea mollo. Sesebediswa bontšang bonolo recharging, e le hore u mollo lithunya ka matla a maholo haholo. Rate ba mefuta e meng ea likanono morao-rao ho fihlela ho garela 170-190 ka motsotso.
• Multi-morero oa phahameng-e leng matla mahlaahlela. Shrapnel, ho phatloha, lesihla, incendiary, mosi le khanya - tsena ke feela ba bang ba sa mefuta ya projectiles hore ka lelekoa seretse. A betsa libetsa mefuta e fapaneng e laolwa ka ho fetola le matla a lefisa ea ejecting ka theko ka.
• A sesebediswa bonolo. Boiketlo ba likanono kaho boholo, monyetla oa ho disassembly bona le lipalangoang bonolo ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho susumelletsa sethunya holim'a sebaka batallang, tswelela pele ho lula lefapha bona mollo. Ba bang ba dikai ka sebelisoa bakeng sa 'mele oa koloi ho thunngoa.
• Ka ho sa feleng ho itokisa. Likanono tse tšoauoa ka phahameng lebelo ho khanna "sebetsa" boemo, ka lebaka la ho fokotsa a phutheho.
• Moepa tseleng sefofane projectile. A sebetsa le matla a ho otla pakane ea ka koetsoeng le sireletswa ho fula libetsa le morathatha mollo. Thanks ho tšobotsi ena, e seretse khona ho a betsa "ka holimo-limo" ba diyuniti tsa bona.

tlhophiso

A hlahlobeng hakhutšoanyane se mefuta lisebelisoa, e thehiloeng likanono Serussia. Ho tloha mehleng ea Soviet Union, mofuta ona wa Sebetsa ile classified e le e latelang:

1. lisebelisoa Rotne (55-65 limilimithara boholo).
2. Battalion (80-85 limilimithara).
3. Regiment (105-125 limilimithara).
4. Mokhahlelo (kgolo caliber le arabelang).

Sesebediswa seretse moqomo fapana bobeli smoothbore le lithunya rifled. Ho na le litsela tse peli tsa lefisa - le thiba molomo le breech. tekanyo ea ho itsamaise ea feta tekanyo e fapaneng hape. Ho na le lisebelisoa tse km gana mohlala, 2B9M "Cornflower" - seretse setšoantšong e hlahiswa mona ka tlase. Ho na le ke likanono intša propelled - palame mabili kapa bonwe cheisi.

lisebelisoa ntshetsopeleng

Bohato ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho hōla ha likanono e ne e le oa Bobeli ea Lefatše Ntoa ea 1939-1945. indasteri Union feela ile a ntša ho feta 345.000 ea lithunya tsena! Ha ho pelaelo hore, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho hopola tummeng "Katyusha" BM-13 - pele Balebeli Lata seretse. A betsa fapaneng ya lisebelisoa di akareditse go tsewa ho tloha 4350 ho 5500 m. Litšobotsi tsa sehlooho tsa likanono nako eo, ba eme ka matsoho a linaha tsa setho sa ntoa, ba kopanngoa ka tafole ena.

lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale

Kajeno likanono, ka lebaka la ho ntshetsopele e potlakileng ea ea theknoloji e sesole-liindasteri fetohile bartolomeo-morao-rao sethunya telele. Re ke ke ra hlalosa ka ho qaqileng menyetla kaofela libetsa tsa lekholong la lilemo la XXI, 'me u hlahlobe ea mohlala le' ngoe feela. 'Me le tla bona hore ka mohlala oa kamoo hole kenella tsoela pele pele.

Ka MILEX-2011 e ile ea etsahala Minsk ka sesole-botekgeniki pontšo, baenjiniere ba Russia e ile hlahiswa seretse khutsitseng 2B25, e bitsoang "Gull". The peculiarity ya sehlahiswa sena ke hore ho na le ka ho fetisisa ka lekunutu ntoa sebelisoa. Ka a betsa seretse, e leng phofo likhase "notletsoe" ka munition le Sebetsa ha hlahisa mosi, molumo kapa leqhubu makala.

"Ba-Gal" otla liphofu ka mekoloko ea 1000-1300 limithara ka lebelo la garela 15. / Min. seretse Weight ha feta lik'hilograma tse 15, 'me ho projectile boima ke lik'hilograma 1,9 feela. 2B25 e reretsoe ho etsa bonnete ba ho sebetsa ha diyuniti khethehileng le ha e na analogues lefatšeng.

bofello

Ntshetsopeleng ya tsamaiso ea tsamaya le k'homphieutha taolo mollo entse seretse ka libetsa phahameng sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho boloka thepa ea lona ea motheo - le bonolo le le bonolo, mahlaahlela cheap, hinged tsela a betsa 'me ho sa hlokahale hore ho lokisetsa e telele ba "lere". Seretse ntse ke o mong oa mefuta e ho fetisisa e ka tšeptjoang ea libetsa tse sa hloka mehlodi ya e khethehileng le dipalelo tse ngata libetsa.