Seo thepa ba legiruemye tšepe?

E o tsejoa hore lirafshoa le ho hloka sekoli phahameng (liphesente tse 99,99 kapa ho feta e hloekileng ntho) le matla tlaase, ea etsang hore ba thata ho li sebelisa. Ntle le mabaka a ba aluminium le koporo, li sebelisoa boenjiniere le motlakase. Tšepe, mabapi le tshebetso tsa bona, ba lokela ho rua se tenyetsehe, apara ho hanyetsa, thatafala, 'me maemong a mang, elasticity le ductility Leha ho le joalo tšepe foromo e hloekileng ho bopa ba tse sa lokang.

Legiruemye tšepe fapana ba tloaelehileng ba teng ha artificially hlahiswa additives eo fumana itseng thepa ea motsoako ya nakong e tlang. Kahoo, ka ba tloaelehileng k'habone tšepe tse boholo a sa tšoaneng "lijo-thollo" ferrite, cementite, le perlite. Le selelekela sa alloying likarolo k'habone palo hangata e fokotsehile ka pearlite (eketsa matla a tšepe).

Legiruemye tšepe ka ho kenyelletsa dintho tse eketsehileng, hangata e ba le a fosahetseng mabapi le kristale lekhoakhoa, hore a ka fana ka e tiileng e qamathelang eketsehileng (nakong sila lijo-thollo perlite le ferrite), ea fokotseha ka khatello ea kelello e ka hare, fokotswa kgonego ya ho petsoha nakong satalatsa kapa ho eketseha ha botebo ba lintho tse bonahalang le calcining a al.

The thepa ea celik ke ka ho toba itšetlehile ka metsoako eketsehileng. Ka mohlala, likarolo chromium le nikele mo pholose likarolo tšepe tloha ts'enyeho, a mankanese a eketsa tshusumetso ho hanyetsa, apara ho hanyetsa le ho thatafala eketseha. Joalo e elements kang ka silicon, nolofalletsa lihlooho tse ho molemo mamella tshusumetso acid le cobalt eketsa matla a phahameng mocheso.

Legiruemye tšepe lik'hemik'hale e arotsoe high-, medium- le tlase motsoako (dikahare ho sebelisoe ke ho feta 10%, 2,5 - 10% le ka tlase ho tse 2,5% latellana). Ka massively hlahiswa srednelegirovannye tšepe (eketsa di na le dipegelo ka 5-6%) ea sebopeho sa pearlite. E mong lits'epe tse kopantsoeng mehaho ea sebopeho (martensitic, carbide, austenitic, ferritic) ke ka tlaase ho moo ba tloaelehileng.

Bakeng sa thepa ea mofuta ona, hammoho le bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse ling liindasteri, o na GOST lona. Motsoako steels ba classified ka melao ea 'muso № 4543 - 71, ho tloha eo e mong ka bona palo ea dikarolo eketsehileng ka tšepe a cha ho khetheha. Mohlala, hromomargantsovonikelevy motsoako le thaethaniamo le molybdenum 25HGNMT sampole e entsoe ka ho fihlela ho 0,29% k'habone, ho fihlela ho 0,37% ka silicon, ho fihlela ho liphesente tse 0,8 mankanese, ho fihlela ho tse 0.6% le 1,10% ya chromium le nikele (ka ho latellana ), ho fihlela ho halofo ba etsang liphesente tse molybdenum le ba etsang liphesente tse 0,09 thaethaniamo. Ho phaella ho assortment le botekgeniki ditlhoko le GOST na ya data feletseng ka mekhoa sehlahisoa liteko, melao amohelana, lipalangoang, ambalaji le ba bang.

Legiruemye ba boetse ba aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa ho ea ka morero oa tsona: kaho, lithulusi (ya eo tsoele seha lisebelisoa tse kang e-shoa likoetlisong, difaele, lisakha, siloa cutters, joalo-joalo (Na sebelisoa ka boenjiniere le ho phetha molao feela, kaho ea marokho, likoloi seporo, oli le khase, liliba, liliba, joalo-joalo.) .) le khethehileng-morero oa tšepe le ho hanyetsa phahameng khahlanong ts'enyeho ea motlakase ya mofuta.