Lata dienjini Russia RD-180: tobileng

Russia RD-180 Lata dienjini e ne e le "apole ea ho hloka kutloano" pakeng tsa tse peli tse lik'hamphani US United Launch Alliance (ULA) le mohalitsong Orbital Sciences. Pele etsa hore ho le thata ho reka enjene ea bobeli bakeng sa metsu lona Antares.

Khohlano tsa Titans

molato eohle e ne e le ho kenya letsoho ha Orbital Sciences ka dithennere phumantsho ya setjhaba. ULA molao sitisa baphadisani ho reka dienjini RD-180 ka lik'hamphani tse peli. Ho rakonteraka RD Amross - SPNPO "Energomash" - le mokena-lipakeng American Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Pele hlahisa a lakatsa mokelikeli Lata enjene RD-180. The thepa e dikarolo tse ding ho United States.
Feela mokelikeli enjene RD-180 e molemo ka ho fetisisa loketseng bakeng sa 'muso oa United States o ile a phatlalatsa reka bonolo. Ho ea ka ka litsebi, litšobotsi tsa dikarolo tsena ke loketseng bakeng sa ho rockets boima microcyteme le NASA ditlhoko.

ke eng Lata enjene RD-180

RD-180 - kopanetsoe kamoreng quad sehlahisoa sa RD-170, o ile a sebelisa ka "sehlohlolong". Mokelikeli Lata enjene RD-180 koaloa-sekgoqetsane hlabileng le afterburning ya tshebetso e phahameng, matšeliso le menyetla ea RD-170 wa sebedisa ka boholo ho amoheloa ditlhoko tsa dienjini tsa Atlas V ba bile teng ba Expendable Launch Koloi.

RD-180 - ho dilenaneo haeteroliki bakeng sa ho khanna ea phunyang taolo le ho kheloha ba le qheletseng vector gimbaled le pneumatics ho actuate ea phunyang le tsamaiso purge: otlolla foreime ya ho aba mojaro oa enjene ka khotsofala. Motor qalong ea ho sebelisa LOX loto, jenereithara khase afterburning le LOX, barui khase turbine drive. Kahoo, sete keketseho ea tlhahiso ke karolo ea 10 lekholong ha e bapisoa le e matsapa bueloang le dienjini US e fana ka e hloekileng, reusable tshebetso.
Feela phutheho e khōlō ea turbo-pompo le booster pompo hlokahala ntshetsopeleng ya tekanyo e sa RD-120 le RD-170. dikarolo tse ding tsohle ba ile ba isoa ka kotloloho ho tswa ho RD-170.

The RD-180 e se e etselitsoe likhoeli tse 42 bakeng sa karoloana e nyenyane ea le theko ea moralo tloaelehileng ea enjene e ncha bakeng sa US. dilenaneo ho matha ka lipakeng le tekanyetso Atlas III microcyteme Lata Atlas V.

RD-180 e hlomelloa le para tse peli tsa likamore combustion e le nozzles. enjene e reretsoe le hlahisoang ke Russia ea saense-ho hlahisoeng mokgatlo "Energomash". parafine e sebelisoa e le mafura, le oxidizer ke mokelikeli oksijene. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba ho Lata enjene RD-180 bakeng sa 2010 ea e-ba $ limilione tse 9.

Tlhaloso ea kaho

1. LOX / parafine propellant.
2. Tse peli le qheletseng likamore (cardan likhato +8).
3. Ea ruileng oksijene pele unit trust boapeelo.
4. Turbopump phutheho ea khatello e phahameng ea.
5. The peli sethaleng mafura pompo.
6. Single-sethaleng oksijene pompo.
7. Single turbine.
8. Hypergolic thothetsang molelo.
9. Ikemetseng oona tsamaisong haeteroliki (di-valve, TVC) le matla a parafine ho tswa pompa mafura.
10. Bophelo boalosi le tsamaiso bophelo bolela lintho esale pele.
11. Km gana sefofane koetliso (mora tlhomamiso ka koloi le tshebetso All ba km gana ke mathang a).
12. Fokotsa ho segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo tloha lonthja sebaka le koloi (pneumatici le haeteroliki tsamaiso ea, ikemetseng, pellet kopantswe ka phanele qheletseng foreime ho nolofatsa ho segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo phetha molao).
13. tshebetso Organic ntlafatsa oxidant qalisa thothetsang molelo nakwana boapeelo le e oxidizer simolleng le thibela mekhoa eo felisa coking le chesa nang le monyetla silafalitsoe parafine.
14. 50-100% tsoelang pele throttling faneng ka 'nang realtime scan ninemanga.com tsela le tshwanelelanang ya enjene sebakeng seo pele ho lokisa sepeiti e qala.
15. 80% RD-170 likarolo.
16. Khatello ea kamoreng: 256,6 bareng.
17. sebakeng karo-karolelano: 36,4.
18. Qheletseng-to-boima karo-karolelano: 77,26.
19. The karo-karolelano ea ho oxidant-mafura: 2,72.

RD-180 engine. litšobotsi tsa

• Itseng boima: 5480 lik'hilograma (12080 liponto).
• Bophahamo: 3,6 limithara (11.67 maoto a).
• Bophara: 3.2 limithara (10.33 maoto a).
• Itseng tšusumetso e tsoang ho: 337,8 s.
• tšusumetso e tsoang ho itseng ka boemo ba leoatle: metsotsoana 311,3.
• Ngola nako: metsotsoana 270.
• Pele simolleng: 2000

pale

Ka November 1996, tlhahiso ea "Energomash" mokhatlo tšoara teko pele la RD-180. enjene e ne e le mohloli ka lerato bakeng sa kenya ka ho "Atlas" US Lockheed Martin Corporation. E ne e tla lokela ho tlisa tsepisa tsamaea le mothusi rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng. Ho tloha joale ho ea pele le RD-180 dienjini fetohile e ratoang haholo.

enjene e na le matla a ho boela senyeha. Rarahaneng ya taolo ya faneng NPO "Energomash" ke hoo e ka bang tsomo tšepahala o sebetsana le United States. Ka December 2012 konteraka o ne a entse, khampani e fana ka tiiso ea ho dienjini tlhahiso ea ho fihlela de 2019. tlhahiso ea tsohle e concentrated Russia.

Bōpa nka sebaka sa RD-180 ka US

liketsahalo Seukraine ba ile ea etsa hore kongei hore thibela le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa Lata dienjini Serussia bakeng sa US. RD-180 ho hlokahala hore ho nka sebaka sa manaka ya American ho etsa thepa. Ka December 2014, Ntlo e ile ea amohela phetoho. Ho hanela tšebeliso ea Russia RD-180. enjene e tla tsoela pele ho reka ka phepelo konteraka o teng ho fihlela de 2019 pakeng tsa "Energomash" le ULA.

Ho sa tsotellehe tšebelisano ile ba tsoela pele le phepelo ea RD-180 tsa likonteraka le teng, Mongoli US la Tšireletso o ile a laela qetello ea sebelisana le Russia 'me phetoho ea ho dikarolo tsa Amerika. Amerika e tlameha ho tlosa ho itšetleha ka Russia ka boemong sesole-lipolotiki.

Sena Frank Kendall (Defense Letona phumantsho) o ile a re Russia RD-180 Pentagon ke ke oa nkeloa sebaka. E le mefuta e meng ea ho ba boemong bona, Amerika e ile a phatlalatsa le bonolo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea eona e tšoanang le litšobotsi tsa dienjini tse sebaka sa eona.

Russia Motlatsi Tona-khōlō Dmitry Rogozin ka boleloa hore ke loketse ho emisa phepelo ea dienjini Lata RD-180 le K-33 Amerika.

Ke bokae ha e Lata enjene RD-180 bakeng sa US

A re ke re bua mabapi le litheko. SpaceNews ile ea tlaleha hore ho hlokahala hore a nka sebaka sa RD-180. US jwalo whim tla chelete $ limilione tse likete tse 1,5. Ho ena le hoo kholo chelete.

Ke bokae enjene RD-180? Ka mo porojekeng kaofela bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong mochine o tla tsoela pele ka lilemo tse bonyane tse tšeletseng. Ho latela litsebi, ho US ke ke ha khoneha ka ho feletseng a lahla ho sebelisa dienjini RD-180. Bothata ka nakoana ke keng ya rarollwa, ka dienjini e tla be re loketse feela 2022 |.
Ho sa tsotellehe ho tiisetsa ho tswa US Air Force hore RD-180 di fumaneha ka bolokoang thepa e rekisoang ka ho imenneng hlokahalang, lebaka la ho hloka e ntse e le teng. Ka lebaka leo, ba bangata ba qala-baholo ba le ho chechisetsoa morao. Ho qeta sebakeng sena ka eketsa ho $ limilione tse likete tse 5.
Ha US phehisana le lefisang kongei, China se etsahala ka RD-180 tlhahiso.

le pono e nepahetseng

Pentagon e abetswe bonyane $ limilione tse 162 Aerojet Rocketdyne le United Launch Alliance ntshetsopeleng ya dienjini Lata AR1 le BA-4, bonkgetheng ba tlosa enjene Russia tlhahiso, eo hona joale e fofang booster Atlas V.

The US Air Force qeta ho le dipeeletso tsa qalong ka dienjini e ncha Lata, e le sesole le tšekamelo ea ho tloha ho itšetleha lona ka Serussia RD-180, le sebelisitsoe ka Atlas V, e matha le boholo ba US satellitari muso bakeng sa puisano sireletsehile, tsamaya le ho bokelloa bohlale.
Air kena ka ho ts'oarana ka setjhaba-poraefete le Aerojet Rocketdyne le ULA, totobatsa chelete khompani ho Co-chelete ntshetsopele ya enjene.

Mopresidente le CEO ULA tsoela pele ho kopana le ho se finyella pakane ea tsamaiso ea ho fetisisa e ka tšeptjoang le US ya lonthja ka theko ka theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa, ntshetsopele ya enjene e ncha, e leng se tla kenyelletsa menyetla e ncha ka ho feletseng bakeng sa tshebediso ya ka holim'a sepakapaka.

The lumellana le Aerojet Rocketdyne koahela ho ntshetsa pele le liteko tsa Lata enjene AR1. Thupelong ena matla a hore chesa motsoako oa parafine le oksijene mokelikeli. Tsena ke propellants tšoanang, joaloka RD-180 enjene tsa Atlas V.

Aerojet Rocketdyne batla ho theha enjene eo o ba amohetse lengolo la airworthiness ke de 2019, empa lonthja pele e lebeletsoe feela 2020.
Air Force allocates bonyane $ limilione tse 115,3 ka lenaneo ntshetsopeleng AR1, ha Aerojet Rocketdyne le ULA mmoho sebelise $ limilione tse 57,7 liranta US - a re ka polelo e Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Pele teko ea qeto 'muso ka ntšetsa pele tšehetso bakeng sa bōptjoa ha enjene lenaneo AR1 na le boleng palo e kahodimodimo ea $ limilione tse 804 - ho $ ka 536 limilione tse ho tswa ho Air Force le $ limilione tse 236 ho tloha Aerojet Rocketdyne le ULA.

«AR1 khutlise US ho hula pele tsa tlhahiso ea parafine dienjini Lata tsa nyutlelie - Drake a re ka o tobetsa ho lokolloa. - Re hlahisang ho hoka-hokoa moraorao tlhahiso ea kajeno, ha a ntse a ho inahanela ka tsebo ea rōna ke ba ruileng bakeng sa ho hlahisa moloko o mocha oa dienjini Lata, tsohle se etsoa bakeng sa selelekela tsa Motors tse felise hore re itšetlehile ka ba fanang ka thepa linaheng tse ling bakeng sa tlhomelo ya thepa tshireletso ea sechaba ba naha ya rona ".

Engine AR1 tla akarelletsa likarolo 3D-hatisitsoeng le mosebetsi le ruisitseng oksijene jenereithara khase afterburning. Ena ke tshebetso atlehang haholoanyane oa potoloho ea enjene ho feta ka tse ling tse hona joale e fumaneha bakeng sa ho hydrocarbons mokelikeli ka dienjini Lata US.

Engine BA-4 e bua haholo ya Air Force. Bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong lona ba abelwa chelete Infusion. Air Force o lumela ho lefa bonyane 46,6 liranta tse limilione tse United Launch Alliance bakeng sa moloko o latelang ya Vulcan metsu. ULA khampani The Hape o ile a lumela ho eketsa ho liranta tse limilione tse 40,8 tlasa dipehelo tsa khau muso.

karolo eo tau ya dithuso tsa ditjhelete ka lekhetlo la pele - $ 45800000 - tla ea ntshetsopele ya mosebetsi oo ho bopa e-4 enjene e tla hlahisa liponto 550.000 ba le qheletseng le jang motswako wa cryogenic liquefied khase ea tlhaho le oksijene mokelikeli.

dienjini tse peli BA-4 e tla qobella sethaleng pele ea Lata Vulcan. Bahlanka ba ka bolela hore BA-4 o tšehetsoa ka ho feletseng ke khamphani ka thuso ea United Launch Alliance. Ditjhelete tsa Air Force tla ho kgothaletsa tsoelo-pele ea ho ikopanya ha enjene ea khamphani BA-4 microcyteme Lata Vulcan.

Aerojet Rocketdyne advertises AR1 e le Phetolo e bonolo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa RD-180 ka lebaka la boholo ba eona le motsoako phofo. Motors AR1 tse peli lia hlokahala ho ea kopana le tshebetso ya nozzle habeli RD-180 enjene Atlas V.

Baeta-pele ba ULA re enjene BA-4 ho tloha Blue Origin, bohwebi sebaka khampani thehiloe ke Amazon.com, e tla be re loketse hang, 'me le tla qetella ba ho le bonolo ho hlaphoheloa bakeng wa sebedisa.

Ha RD-180 enjene ne molemo oa simolodisiwa ga kumo fetang 60 atleha, nako e fihlile ea ho le dipeeletso tsa US ka tlhahiso ea malapeng ba dienjini tšoanang.

BA-4 lokela tlatsa setifikaite eona ka 2017, 'me o ikemiseditse ho ULA Vulcan pele sefofane sa Lata pele bofelo ba de 2019.

The Air Force hape ke ditjhelete kaho sebaka sa astronauts le phelang ka sebaka morolo le sathelaete ditshebeletso tebileng.

ULA o tsoela pele ho sebetsa le Blue Origin, 'me le Aerojet Rocketdyne. O ile a tsamaea le ho version tse peli tsa moloko o latelang ya dienjini American, e leng ke ke hobane'ng ha khampani e ho kopantswe le lifeme tsa lefatše tse pedi ea etellang pele ka seo a se finyeletseng e le sebaka.

ULA AR1 boloka enjene tloha Aerojet Rocketdyne ka khetho e bekapo. Tlhopho ea ho qetela e lebeletsoe ho elella bofelong ba 2016.

ditlamo tsa lichelete ho Force le Aerojet Rocketdyne ULA bula ka mor'a February 29, 2016 ka mor'a fihla ditumellano tsa tšoanang le SpaceX le Orbital ATK.
Ka mo porojekeng e ntjha ya boosters tiileng Lata entsoeng ka Orbital ATK bakeng sa metsu ULA o Vulcan bakeng launcher tsa lona, o tla boela a fumana dithuso Orbital ATK.

Moriti oa Lefatše ka sebaka "maru"

dienjini Russia RD-180 United States se na le mefuta e meng. Motlatsi oa mopresidente oa Aerojet Rocketdyne Dzhim Meyzer boleloa hore United States ha ba ele hloko ka ho lekaneng hore tsoelo-pele ea prototypes bona oksijene-parafine.
O ile a re Amerika e sebele lagging ka mor'a Chinese Serussia le ka pōpo ea litsamaiso joalo ophthalmogyric. O ile a boela a bolela hore o ne a se ntshetswa oksijene-parafine enjene United States, e leng e 'nile ea sebetsa Merlin 1lets. Se hlahisa khampani SpaceX. Feela mona le litšobotsi tse haholo ho ke ke ha ho fihlela ho e RD-180.

Ya e le hantle, ho ke nang kelello ka ho feletseng, hobane lefatše ke ke lahlela leru sebaka ho na moriti. Empa ka kutloisiso ea lipolotiki - ka ho re oho, e lahliloeng.

bahlahisi US ba le bonolo, le bo-ralipolotiki ba tšoha

Ofisiri phahameng tsa US Air Force itse ho tla emisa ho tsoibiloang satellitari tshireletso ea sechaba palama Atlas V Lata United Launch Alliance, haeba Lekala la Lichelete dumela hore bohlokoa ba dilenaneo Serussia ha e khahlanong le kongei US.

Pejana ho moo, Senator Dzhon Makkeyn e ile a botsa Air Force ho paka hore ho kopanngoa ha makala tsa morao tjena ka Lata lona Russia le indasteri sebaka ha beha theko ea dienjini RD-180 bakeng sa tlōlo ea kongei US behilweng khahlanong le balaoli ba Russia ka 2014.

mekhatlo ea 'muso oa United States se ile sa etsa ke Lekala la Lichelete, hlahlobeng foreshe ka pelehi ha RD-180. 'Me re loketse ho se khomarele kongei. Atlas V hexagon baka tšitiso e matla ho ea Pentagon feta boitšoaro ba ntoa.

McCain tšoara utloeng tsa cosmodrome sesole, moo a ileng a reha ka BBC ho fumana le maikutlo a foreshe ea molao e Imports RD-18O silafatsang kongei US khahlanong le bahlanka ba Russia latelang a hapa ya Crimean hloahloa ka Ukraine.

McCain qolla tsoa tse peli tse boemong bo phahameng Russia ba boholong: Russia Motlatsi Tona-khōlō Dmitry Rogozin le Sergei Chemezov, ho moeletsi ya Mopresidente Russia Vladimir Putin. Ba na le, ho fihlela morao tjena, ba ne ba bashebelli ba ka lefapha la sebaka. Le hoja ba se na molemo o lichelete tloha rekisa RD-180, kongei ne behilweng ka ho bona.

28 ditaelo December Putin sebaka lefapha la Russia e hlophisoa bocha. tsosoloso ena e etsa liphetoho ho Russia sebaka indasteri le sebaka mokhatlo o fanang ka "Roskosmos" tlasa ntjha mokhatlo oa sechaba, eo hape a bitsoang "Roskosmos". McCain ile a hlokomela hore mokhatlo ona o e hona joale e eteletsoeng pele ke Rogozin; Chemezov boetse e na le ho etsa le eona. Rogozin le Chemezov ne ba le har'a ba pele semmuso Russia ba ileng ba amohela ho tumello nakong ea bothata Seukraine. Ha e 'ngoe kapa e tse ling tse ka se kena United States. Thepa e le hore ba nang le tsona, ba 'nile ba hoamisoa.