Romanticism ka mokhatlo oa bongoling. Romanticism ka lingoliloeng tsa lekholo la bo19 la lilemo

phallo ena ke e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa bonono ka setso sa XIX lekholong la lilemo la ka Russia, Europe le Amerika. Romanticism ka mokhatlo oa dingolwa hlahetse lilemong tsa bo-XVIII morao, empa e ile ea fihla le nala tsa lona ka ho fetisisa 1830s le. Ho tloha 1850s ea pele, nako e qala ho kena ho fokotseha, empa dikgwele lona ba hula ka kakaretso XIX lekholong la lilemo la, e fana ka motheo oa libakeng tse kang tšoantšetso, decadence le mocha o-romanticism.

Ho hlaha ha romanticism

Nkoa e le belegetswe ea tataiso ea Europe, haholo-holo Brithani le Fora, ka hona lebitso la tataiso bonono - «romantisme». Lebaka le leng ke hore romanticism ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ha hlaha ka lebaka la ho French Phetohelo.

The Phetohelo timetsa sehlopha se busang lohle le teng pele, hlohlelletsa sechaba le strata ea sechaba. Monna eo o ile a qala ho jeoa ke bolutu, 'me ba qala ho batla matšeliso ka ho becha le boithabiso tse ling. Khahlanong le semelo sa ena, 'me maikutlo a hore' ohle a bophelo ke papali eo ho eona ho na le bafenyi le hase letho. The mohale o ka sehloohong oa mosebetsi o lerato la e mong le e fetoha motho a bapala le qetello, ka qetello.

Romanticism ke eng

Romanticism - e 's ho hong ho e teng feela ka libuka: tloaelehang, le hlollang le fantastis liketsahalo, ka nako e tšoanang a amanang le taba ea motho ka mong ka bophelo ba eona moeeng' me a pōpo. Haholo-holo liketsahalo ho senoleha khahlanong le okametsoeng ke tsa takatso e matla a bolela, batho ba ka bohle ba entse ka ho hlaka e bontšitsoeng ke batho ba ka, hangata batho baa ba filoe moea o tletseng borabele.

Bangoli ba mehleng Baratani beha khatiso e etsoang tabeng e le hantle hore boleng ka sehloohong bophelong - boitsebiso ea motho. Mong le e mong motho a - le lefatše ka thoko e tletseng oa botle bo hlollang. E ne e le ho tloha moo tsohle ba huleloa pululelo le e telele le maikutlo, 'me ho na le tšekamelo ea ho ba idealize.

Ho latela novelists, ho loketseng - khopolo ea ephemeral, empa leha ho le joalo o na le tokelo ho ba teng. loketseng e ka nģ'ane ho bohle ba tloaelehileng, ho joalo le ka botho ba ka sehloohong le maikutlo a hae a ho toba khahlanong le likamano tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le lintho tse bonahalang.

makgetheng ikhethang

Features ya Romanticism ka mokhatlo oa bongoling ba ka mehopolo mantlha le likhohlano.

Khopolo e ka sehloohong ea hoo e batlang e mong le e mong sehlahisoa - kamehla mokhatlo oa mohale ka sebaka 'meleng. Ha e le hantle ena e le e bontša ho ferekanngoa ha moea, ho sa khaotse a hona joale ho nahana le ka nako e tšoanang - liphetoho lefatšeng mo potolohileng.

Joaloka mekhatlo ngata bonono, Romanticism na likhohlano tsa lona. Mona, khopolo kaofela e thehiloe ka kamano e rarahaneng ea protagonist e le linaha tse ling. O haholo boithati le ka nako e tšoanang ho fetohela Ea mpe, e litšila, lintho tse bonahalang tse 'nete hore ka tsela e itseng o ile a bontša ka liketso tsa hae, menahano le maikutlo a botho ba ka. Fetisisa bitsoa ka tsela ena e latelang ka mehlala ea romanticism dingolwa: Childe Harold - sebapali se ka sehloohong sa "leeto Childe Harold" Byron le Pechorin - ho tloha "Hero oa Nako Our" Lermontov.

Ha re akaretsa ka holimo, ho fellang kateng le hore ka lebaka la sehlahisoa leha e le tshwanang - lekhalo pakeng tsa 'nete le idealized lefatše e metshetshe bohale haholo.

Romanticism ka lingoliloeng European

European romanticism ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e tsotehang ka hore ka boholo ba lona ba mesebetsi ea hae e na le motheo o fantastis. Tsena ke tse 'maloa maneha litšōmo, lipale tse kgutshwanyane le libuka tsa lipale.

Linaha ka sehloohong leo ka lona romanticism ka mokhatlo oa dingolwa ne ho fetisisa mokhoa o khahlisang, ke Fora, Brithani le Jeremane.

Sena ketsahalo bonono na mekhahlelo 'maloa:

1. lilemo tse 1801-1815. Qala ho haha aesthetics maikutlo a lerato.
2. lilemo tse 1815-1830. Ho hlaha 'me ke atleha ka ho hlakileng, tlhaloso ea postulates motheo tataiso ena.
3. lilemo tse 1830-1848. Romanticism e apesa ka foromo ho feta ea sechaba.

E mong le e ea linaha tsena e entsoeng ke batho, a lona monehelo khethehileng ho ntshetsopele ya itse ketsahalo setso. Fora, le maikutlo a lerato mesebetsi dingolwa ne a ena le colouring lipolotiki, bangoli ba ne ba tletse bora ho bourgeoisie ncha. setjhabeng ena, ho ea ka litšoantšo tsa French, sentse botšepehi ba motho ka mong, e leng botle le tokoloho ea moea.

Ka neano English Romanticism teng ka nako e itseng haholo, empa ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XVIII aa ka a ema ka ntle ka mokhatlo oa ikemetseng bongoling. English sebetsa, ho fapana ho ea French, bo tletse gotika, tumelo, litsomong ea sechaba, setso, la balemi le litloaelano tse basebetsi '(ho akarelletsa le kutloisiso ea ea moea). Ho phaella moo, English prose le lyrics le tletse ho tsamaea ho ea linaheng tse ling le lithuto tsa linaheng tse ling tse hōle.

Ka Romanticism Jeremane ka mokhatlo oa dingolwa ile susumetsoa ke filosofi idealist. Bokatlase ba tšepe batho ba ikhethang le motho bolokolohi ba hateletsoeng feudalism le temoho oa bokahohle ha tsamaiso e phelang. Hoo e ka bang mong le e mong mosebetsi oa Jeremane e o ne o salla le ke lipontso ka boteng ba batho le bophelo ba moea oa hae.

Europe: mehlala ea mesebetsi

Har'a mesebetsi fetisisa bonahaleng tsa mesebetsi ea European dingolwa latelang li nkoa ho ba le moea oa Romanticism:

- the treatise "nang le tsusumetso e ea Bokreste", pale "Atala" le "Rene" Chateaubriand;

- libuka tsa lipale "Dolphin", "Corinna, kapa Italy," Germaine de Khao Stael;

- bukeng "Adolf" Benjamin Constant;

- padi "boipobolo ea Ngoana ea Century" Musset;

- bukeng "Cinq-Mars," Vigny;

- manifesto "selelekela" ho sehlahiswa, "Cromwell", le bukeng "Notre Dame, de Paris" Hugo;

- tšoantšiso "Henry III le lekhotla la hae", letoto la libuka tsa lipale ka Musketeers, "The Count la Monte Cristo" le "Koroleva Bahlakoana" Dumas;

- libuka tsa lipale "Indiana", "Wayfarer", "Horace", "Consuelo" Zhorzh Sand;

- manifesto "Racine le Shakespeare" Stendhal;

- thoko ea "Khale Sailor" le "Kristabel" Coleridge;

- "Bochabela thothokiso" le "Manfred" Byron;

- pokello ea mesebetsi ea Balzac;

- bukeng "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta;

- tshomo "Hyacinth le Rose" bukeng "Heinrich av Ofterdingen" Novalis;

- likoleke lipale khutšoanyane, lipale gospel le lipale tsa Hoffmann.

Romanticism ka lingoliloeng Russia

Russia romanticism ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e simolohile tlas'a tšusumetso e tobileng ea lingoliloeng tsa Bophirimela. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe sena, ho ne litšobotsi tse tsa lona, tseo e ntse e tsoela tlaleho ea nako e fetileng.

Sena ketsahalo bonono ka Russia botlalo bontša basebetsi e tsoetseng pele le ho revolutionaries rateng ho bourgeoisie busa, ka ho khetheha, ho tsela ea eona ea bophelo - laoleheng, tsa boitšoaro bo bobe 'me e sehlōhō. Russia romanticism ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e le ka liphello tse ka ho toba ea feto-fetoha lerabele 'me a lebeletse ho bilembo bohlokoa historing ea naha.

totobatsa mekhoa e 'meli ka lingoliloeng tsa nako eo: ea kelello le ea lehae. Pele e ne e thehiloe tlhaloso le ho hlahloba maikutlo le maikutlo; bobeli - ka ntshetsopele ya ntoa e khahlanong le setjhabeng ea kajeno. Kakaretso le maikutlo a se seholo sa novelists tsohle ke hore e le seroki kapa e le mongoli ile a tlameha ho itšoara ho latela likhopolo tseo tse o ile a hlalosa ka mesebetsi ea hae.

Russia: Mehlala ea mesebetsi

The mehlala fetisisa hlollang tsa Romanticism ka lingoliloeng Russia ea lekholong la lilemo la XIX - ke ho re:

- tshomo "Ondine", "motšoaruoa oa Chillon", ho ballade "Morena ea Morung", "le motšoasi oa litlhapi," Zhukovsky "Lenora";

- mesebetsi ea "Eugene Onegin," "Mofumahali oa Spades" ke Pushkin;

- "The Night Pele Christmas" ke ft gogol;

- "A Hero oa Nako Our" Lermontov.

Romanticism ka lingoliloeng American

Amerika, tšekamelo e ne e le hanyenyane hamorao ntshetsopeleng: qalong e khale lilemong tse 1820-1830, ho se latele - lilemo tse 1840-1860 tsa lekholong la lilemo la XIX. Ka bobeli ba mekhahlelo e khethehileng susumetsoa ke merusu ea lehae France (e leng ile sa hlahisa ho bōptjoa ha US), kahoo ho toba le ka Amerika (ntoa tsa ho ipusa ntle ho Brithani le ntoa pakeng tsa North le South).

Bonono tataiso American Romanticism emeloang ke mefuta e 'meli: le abolitionist, buella ho lokolloa bokhobeng,' me ka bochabela, idealized Plantation.

lingoliloeng American ea nako ena e thehiloe tsebong le redefining mefutakwalo hapa ho tloha Europe 'me e kopane le tsela pele le lebelo la bophelo ka ntse e ncha le ho honyenyane a tloaelane le naha ena. mesebetsi American ea ho enneng tatso intonation naha, a ka ikutloa a boipuso le ho loanela tokoloho.

American romanticism. mehlala ea lihlahisoa

- letoto la "Alhambra" lipale tsa "ghost monyaluoa", "Rip Van Winkle" le "The Legend tsa Sleepy Hollow," Washington Irving;

- padi "ho Qetela ea Mohicans" ke James Fenimore Cooper;

- thothokiso "The lekhoaba", lipale tsa "Ligeia", "Golden Beetle", "The Fall ea House of Usher" le tse ling tse E. Allan Poe;

- bukeng "The sekareleta Lengolo" le "The House ba Supileng Gables" Gorton;

- bukeng "Typee" le "Moby Dick" Melville;

- padi "ezalaki na mwa ndako Malome Tom o," Harriet Beecher Stowe;

- e le tšōmo thothokiso ea "Evangeline", "The Sefela sa Hiawatha", "ea lefereho la Miles Standish," Longfellow;

- pokello ea "Makhasi a ba Grass," Whitman;

- moqoqo "Mosali ka ea leshome le metso e robong la Lilemo" ke Margaret Fuller.

Romanticism ka mokhatlo oa dingolwa ne a ena le tšusumetso e matla ka 'mino, holong le ho penta - ho lekaneng ho hopola liketso tse se sengata le litšoantšo tsa linako tseo. Sena se etsahetse haholo-holo ka lebaka la le litšobotsi libakeng tse joalo aesthetics e phahameng le maikutlo, pathos le heroism, chivalry le idealization la batho. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ke le lilemo li Romanticism ne toka nakoana, ho ha e ame ho tloaeleha ha libuka tse ngotsoeng lilemong tsa bo-XIX, ka lilemo tse leshome tse latelang - mesebetsi bongoling ba tsebo ea ho nako ea ratoang le ea hlomphehang ka ho sechaba ho fihlela letsatsing lena.