Reserve Karadag Crimea. Flora le liphoofolo tsa pokello Karadag

Reserve Karadag (ho tloha Turkic - "Black Mountain") - hukung ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa Crimea, e leng tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa ea baeti ea hloahloeng. Lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng e sa fella lona boroa-ka bochabela, pakeng tsa metse e ba Spa, Koktebel le Shebetovka (haufi Feodosia), ke eena a le mong feela ka Europe Geological Sepheo, eo Houses oa boholo-holo foqohe seretse se chesang.

Karadag pokello: foqohang seretse se chesang

lekhopho lona hore etsahetseng ba fetang limilione tse 120 tse fetileng, 'me ba latela ka mor'a dithulaganyo tsa tlhaho etsa hore pōpo ea e rarahaneng e ikhethang ea bohehang, hlomphehang le o ikhethang. Black Sea ho tloha lebōpong la Karadag shebahala hlollang: e putsoa-putsoa metsi a phatsimang, joaloka frosting tinted le kamehla fetola 'mala ho tloha turquoise ho bonolo tlokomang cornflower, ho hlōlisana le' mala o moputsoa ea leholimong.

Sveta Gora Karadag: mehlolo ea ho phekola

Massif Karadaga thehoa ke divertise 'maloa tsa dibopeho tse whimsical tšoanang mabota keneha le turrets le battlements. Ka mor'a bona e emela ho domed Halalelang Mountain - ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya Karadag bophahamo limithara tse 577. Koahetsoeng ka lehong, e entsoe ka likaroloana hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng ba le pina e - lefika thehoa ke molora ha seretse se chesang 'me ho ba le mebala e botala. Ba boholo-holo e ne e le ka holimo-limo ea thaba e ne e le sehalalelo sa molimotsana Kali. Ka ke lilemo tse lekholo li AD. e. Mountain o halalelang e ne e le sebaka sa borapeli ba molimo-mofolisi Asclepius.

Lilemong tsa bo-XIX tšōmo e ile hasana har'a baahi Tatar, e leng thaba e halalelang e ne e le unmarked lebitleng ea mohalaleli, ho folisa ba kulang. Leng tumelo eo e le mosebetsi ea mohlolo, 'me ho ne ho sa tsejoe hore na ke hobane'ng a ne a masantu masengeli komemiama le Mamosleme,' me Bakreste. Haufi le mantsiboea litiletile tsa batho ba ne ba thologela ka pokello jwale Karadag 'me ba tlisa sebakeng sena ka likariki bakuli ba pele shoalane e tšoara sehiloeng palesa ea moriri le likotoana tsa liaparo, tlameletsoe bona ho makala a lifate le lihlahla ka sepheo sa ho boloka le lefu lena ka sebakeng sena. Mokuli o ne a behoa tombstone e koahetsoeng ka matlalo a linku, 'me a setse bosiu. Ka toro e ne e le Moea o Halalelang, a hlalosa sesosa sa boloetse bona 'pontšo ea ho filed ba didika hae kapa romeloa hlaphoheloa. Itloaetseng ho mohlolo o phekola teng ka makholo a lilemo, hoo e ka bang ho e le qalo ea Second Ntoa ea Lefatše.

Ho tloha maikutlo saense folisa bokhoni ba Mountain Halalelang o ile a hlalosa ka ho phello bokeletseng ena sebaka e matla eneji, le geomagnetic ka matla ho susumetsa le boemo ba leholimo, limela le liphoofolo. A sepulchral letlapa (Lejoe - megalith) ke accumulator matla, o ne a akhotsoang tsoha, theiboleng e utsoitsoe, sebaka desecrated nakong Union. Hona joale, boiteko ba ho tsosolosa liemahale lahlehile.

Karadag lefika

Karadag Nature Reserve, ea histori ea eona e ke a batla a tšoana le fantastis gospel Tale, buka e ikhethang lefika lihlopha, thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintho tsa tlhaho le ho tšoana le liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang: A pere-Gingerbread, ho khafrae, Ivan Rogue, Thumb Diabolose. Whole thematic sebopeho emela Ridge Kagarach bao divertise ba bitsoa Morena, Mofumahali, Terone, Sweet. Libakeng tse ling lithaba li fokotsehe a batla a, ho senola ka Cove tse nyenyane le mabōpo a moqotetsane-rimmed, hape le lebitso le sa tloaelehang: Frog, carnelian, tau, Border, lesholu, Barakhta.

Golden Gate - karete ea khoebo ea Karadag

Rock lihlopha Golden Heke ke pontšo ea Karadag. matsatsi a 'maloa feela ba selemo (haufi le letsatsi la mariha letsatsi le tsoang tlung), eo ka eona u ka ratang ho letsatsi le chaba. E o tsejoa hore seketshe hekeng Karadag akarelelitsoeng ho ka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho ea "Eugene Onegin" JOALOKAHA Pushkin, ba neng ba tsamaea ka Tauris. Golden Heke ntse o na le lebitso bobeli - Shaitan-kapu (ho seng joalo - Diabolose Heke). Ho ne ho lumeloa hore ka sebakeng sena ho na le tsela e ea liheleng. Kwa, oa Khauta Heke ke khoro, e botebo metsi tlas'a e leng limithara tse 15, bolelele ka holimo leoatle - limithara tse 8, bophara - limithara tse 6. Ho na le ke ho lumela hore, tsamaea tlas'a khoro ena, ho lahlela chelete ea tšepe ka lefikeng '(kahoo o ile a ea lla) le hang-hang etsa lakatsa hore e tla ka sebele tla.

The ikhethang tsa Karadag

Karadag pokello (photo photo photo photo fanoa ka sehlooho se reng,) e ikhethang, e seng feela mafika le lithaba ikhethang foromo, empa e boetse e le limela le liphoofolo. Ke tikoloho ya tse ngata kotsing ea ho fela, ka seoelo le tloaelehile haholo (fumanoa feela mona) mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo. Karadag pokello - e ikhethang Biocomplex Crimean tšimong ea eo, hammoho le e khabisitse naha mona bohehang, ea sa tloaelehang maemo tlhaho, mobung oa liminerale seoelo, e ikhethang Geological sebopeho, liketsahalo tsa histori tsa thahasello e khōlō ea bo-rasaense ba lefatšeng ka bophara hammoho le batho ba ratang tlhaho, baeti ea hloahloa le bahahlauli.

Thuto Karadag Reserve

Ke ka lebaka la boima ba etela Crimea perela e ile ea thehoa ka 1979 Karadag Nature Reserve, sebaka se koahetsoeng hectars hoo e ka bang 2,9 likete tse, e leng hectars 809 - Black Sea metsi sebakeng seo. tekanyo ena e ne e hlokahala le feela e ne e le e kholo e ho matlafatsa tshireletso ya boemo e ratoang ea tšimong. Unorganized, hlaha, bohahlauli e se e le tšokelo mineralogical maruo a Karadag, 'me ea baka tšenyo e khōlō ho limela - mollo - le liphoofolo - ho hobosoa.

Ka hona, le sebopeho sa pokello - ka tekanyo e itseng ho hlokahala, le hoja a batla a belated: mefuta e tse sa sireletsehang tsa linonyana tse khōlō tsa phofu, bo-'mankhane le liphoofolo tse ling li se li ile tsa nyamela.

Nature Karadag pokello e ruileng mefuta le emeloang ke libaka tse tharo:

• ho tswa ho bophahamo ba leoatle ho limithara tse 250 - sebakeng steppe, hlapolotsoeng morung le lihlahla;
• ho tloha limithara tse 250 ho ea 450 - morung oa pubescent eike;
• holimo limithara tse 450 - hornbeam le sessile-the oak meru.

Crimea, ho na le ka 2400 mefuta ea limela tse thunyang. Le hoo e ka bang halofo ea bona ke fumaneha ka Karadag. The limela lohle la pokello e akarelletsa 2.782 mefuta, tse ngata tsa tsona di kenyelleditswe ka Red Data Books tsa palo e fapaneng. Ho na le limela tse phela feela mona le kae kapa kae moo e mong.

Ka lefatše tsa thuto bakeng sa nako e telele ha ho phehisano, ha ho na pokello Karadag lithaba Crimea le sharply e fapaneng ho tloha steppe karolo ea hloahloeng, a ho qetela khopotso ea Black Sea Atlantis - Pontida, hang tsoang hloahloa le Turkish Black Sea lebōpong le. Ena e tsela e sa tobang a bontša ka jeokrafi le boemo ba leholimo ba pokello Karadag. Pontida ka boetse ho amahanngoa le ho omisa mobu le Caucasus le Linaheng tsa Balkan: kamoo e mong ka hlaha mona 'me le lula, dimela mefuta Phoofolo feela libakeng tsena.

Karadag pokello: Liphoofolo

Karadag liphoofolo le ho etsa hore thahasello e khōlō. Sena phakoe, lengau semathi kena ka International Red Book. Liphoofolo tse anyesang ba emeloang ke bo-'mankhane ka mefuta-futa 'ohle a bona. Har'a likokoanyana seoelo ka ho tsejoa fatše beetle, Crimean, owlfly, kgolo flightless lerutle (steppe Dybok), mefuta e 'maloa ea mantis. Ke lehae la ho lejoe marten, ea Crimean le lefika mekholutsoane, bokotokwe, hedgehogs, likhama, e hlaha boar. Linonyana, ho feta 200 mefuta e, le hoja e se bohle sehlaheng mona.

Baahi ba metsi Karadag

Leoatle hohela metsi hloekileng le mefuta-futa e ba tlase (khetla lefika, majoe, lehlabathe), e leng se etsang esita le boleng ba invertebrates benthic, haholo-holo crustaceans, annelids le bivalves. Ho hakanngoa hore baahi ba metsi Karadag etsa 50-70% ea liphoofolo tsohle Black Sea. Hape Karadag Beach hangata khoneha ho kopana le Black Sea-dolphin. Fishing boleng ke mussels. Ka bomalimabe, nyamela e mong tšoasa litlhapi Black Sea morue - oyster. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ho ata ha ho Black Sea brine - le jang nama hohotse Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela. From mohlaseli ena mabifi ho phaella ho oyster utloa bohloko tse ling Black Sea bivalves: a modiolyus kgolo, scallop, polititapes. Leha ho le joalo, joale o rapana massively hasana ho tloha lebōpong la Karadag, e ile ea mefuta e tsa hlaseloa, le likhetla tsa lona e ntle ka katleho a robehang bahahlauli.

Karadag phoofolo ea tonanahali ea teng?

The metsi Karadag, ho ea ka tšōmo ea boholo-holo, leo ho ahiloeng ho ke phoofolo ea tonanahali ea leoatle. Theoha ka lipale tsa Baroma, Bagerike le Byzantines, ho bonahala joaloka e kholo ea lefifi-grey Noha le paws maholohali clawed, tšosang molomo, nang le marontho le mela e seng mekae ea meno e kholo e bohale le ho khona ho ntshetsa pele nakong e mokhatlo oa phahameng lebelo, habonolo fihlela likepe sekepe. Ka lilemo tse makholo XVI-XVIII Turkish basesisi ho pheta-pheta tsebisa le Sultan tsa tsukutloa le Black Sea noha. Re mo bona, le balaoli ba sesole sa metsing ea Admiral Fedora Ushakova, tlaleha taba ho Moemphera Nicholas I. Morena o ile a romela leeto ho ea palama phoofolo ea tonanahali, empa o ne a atleha. le lehe e khōlō e ile ea fumanoa ka drakonoobraznym embryo vesivshee dikilogeramo 12.

litšōmo tsena li 'nile tsa tiisoa ka 1990, ha batšoasi ba litlhapi ba 3 limaele tswa Karadag pokello ea dinetweke tseo hulela mmele holofala tsa dolphin e. Ho ahlola ke loma bophara molomong oa phoofolo ea tonanahali ea leoatle le ne le ka mitha, 'me meno - 4-5 di emetse disentimitara. Bone catcher lahlela batšoasi ba litlhapi ba ka tšoha. Ka 1991, mohlala selemong se fetileng ka makhetlo-khetlo ka boeona e ka ya netweke le hoo e ka bang sebaka se le seng tšoaroa dolphin e 'ngoe le likotsi tse tšoanang.

Karadag moeti Hloahloeng

Karadag Nature Reserve e arotsoe likarolo: bulehileng - ho bahahlauli, hammoho le ba sireletsehile - tieo sireletsoa. Bakeng sa baeti ba tla mona le monyaka, mofuta musiamo bula Dolphinarium le Aquarium, a khanna maeto sekepe, excursions ho tseleng tlholeho le litsela katoa koahela likarolong tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa pokello ea; Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba ba a sireletsa ho tloha tlhaselo e tobileng.

Karadag Biological Station le Reserve kamehla inventoried ea limela le liphoofolo, tsamaisa ka ho phethahetseng ho etsa lipatlisiso, ho ithuta liphoofolo benthic le plankton metsing. Motheong oa pokello ea feta baithuti ka go ikatisetsa Geological le likokoana-hloko ba magoro ya ditheo tse ngata ho ruta.