Phepelo ea metsi le ho lahla metsi: tsamaiso, litefiso le melao. Ho fana ka metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ka molao

'Muso oa Russia o amohetse Molao oa Phepelo ea Metsi le Tlhoekiso ea Metsi qetellong ea July 2013. Morero ona o etselitsoe ho laola maemo a ho fana ka litšebeletso tse tšoanang. Melao ea molao e totobatsa melao ea metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Sehloohong sena u ka ba bala.

Litokisetso tse akaretsang

Litlhoko tsa morao-rao li laola likamano pakeng tsa balaoli ba boholong e le mokhatlo oa muso le lihlooho tsa Russia Federation. Ho feta moo, mekhoa ena e sebetsa metseng le metse e nang le boipuso ba sechaba, libakeng tse fanang ka metsi le metsi, hammoho le lipalangoang (ho akarelletsa le likhoerekhoere). Leha ho le joalo, sena se akarelletsa mesebetsi leha e le efe ea ho hokahanya sebakeng sena. Tsena li kenyeletsa ho fana ka metsi a batang (tsamaiso ea metsi a meholo le a tloaelehileng), bobeli ba ho noa le theknoloji. Ho feta moo, litaelo tse tšoanang li sebetsa ho mechine ea likhoerekhoere e kenyang tsamaiso ea bohareng ba lipeipi.

Mehaho bakeng sa mehaho ea bolulo le bolulo

Ke habohlokoa hore re hlokomele hore kamano pakeng tsa mekhatlo ea metsi le mekhoa ea likhoerekhoere le beng (basebelisi) ba bolulo (ka bobeli foleteng le likarolong tse ikemetseng) e laoloa ke Molao oa Federal "Ho fana ka metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere" feela karolong e sa laoloang ke melao ea bolulo. Maemo a tšoanang a sebetsa ho li-HBC (ho kenyeletsa mekhatlo ea bareki ea tse ling tsohle tse khethehileng) le bonngoe ba beng ba matlo le beng ba matlo. Ho phaella moo, maemo ana a sebetsa ho likhamphani tsa tsamaiso, tseo mosebetsi oa tsona e leng ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa sechaba, ho akarelletsa le ho fana ka metsi a batang le ho lahla metsi ho beng (basebelisi) ba mohaho o ka holimo.

Lintlha tsa motheo

Molao oa hona joale "Tšebelisong ea Metsi le Tlhoekiso ea Metsi" o theha le ho hlakisa likhopolo tse 'maloa. A re hlahlobeng tse ling tsa tsona. Molao-motheo o totobatsa lintlha tse latelang:

1. "Meeli ea tekano" - emela mela e arohanang metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Li fetela pakeng tsa beng ka tsona ho latela letšoao la botho kapa thepa ka mabaka a mang a molao. Ho na le karohano pakeng tsa lintho tse amanang le likaroloana tse ka sehloohong, empa hape le marang-rang a tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere le metsi.

2. "kotsi" ke ketsahalo e kotsi haholo. Hangata li lebisa tlhokomelong ea hore metsi le tlhoekiso ea metsi li emisoa ka ho feletseng kapa ka mokhoa o itseng. 'Me maemong a mangata, e beha kotsi tikolohong, hammoho le bophelo bo botle ba batho. Hape ha ho tsotellehe moo koluoa e ileng ea etsahala teng-boemong bo bohareng, ho tsamaisoa ha likhoerekhoere kapa metsi (ho akarelletsa le mehaho ea batho ka bomong).

3. "Tlhahlobo ea ho laola" ke ho hlahloba likhoerekhoere tse kenang lipakeng tsa bohareng. E etsoa e le hore e tsebe hantle hore na thepa le mofuta oa metsi a khethiloeng ke eng. The terata e entsoe ka taolo ea likhoerekhoere hantle.

4. "Transit Organization" ke setsi se fanang ka tšebeletso ea ho fetisetsa metsi. Ketsahalo ea mofuta ona e boetse e tsamaisa ho tsamaisa metsi a litšila. Bakeng sa morero ona, re sebelisa mokhoa oa rona oa ho fana ka metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sefahleho sa mokhatlo ona se ka sebetsa joaloka mohoebi oa khoebo.

5. "Ho laola hantle" ke seli se reretsoeng ho senya ho bareki. Ho hlile ho boleloa ka tumellano e fapaneng, kapa tumellanong e le 'ngoe ea metsi le ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere, kapa ka konteraka e' ngoe. Ho phaella moo, hantle hantle, e fumanehang ka tsela ea mochine, e ka sebelisoa e le sejana sa sampling. Leha ho le joalo, feela haeba e sa kenngoa ka har'a tube ea bohareng.

6. "Mekhoa ea metsi" ke ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e kenang tsamaisong ea metsi e laolang tikoloho. Ho joalo: thawed, drainage, pula, nosetsa le ho kenella.

Maemo a tšohanyetso: litokisetso tse akaretsang

Ha ho le boemong bo kotsi, litlhoko tse ikhethang li thehoa, ho latela hore na metsi le lits'ebeletso tsa metsi li hloekisoa joang. SNiP e na le litekanyetso tsa tekanyetso le litekanyetso (bobeli ba naha le ba naha). Ho phaella moo, ho na le taeo e tsoetseng pele e tsoetseng pele. E laola mosebetsi ka metsi a nooang nakong ea ts'ebetsong.

Tsamaiso ea ho phetha likonteraka

Ha metsi le ho lahla metsi li etsoa motheong oa tumellano e fihletseng, ho na le taelo e itseng ea ho etsoa.

1. Ha ho sebelisoa pipe ea bohareng, likonteraka tsa mefuta e meraro li ka saenngoa. Litumellano li phethoa ka thoko bakeng sa phepelo kapa metsi a lahleheloang ke metsi. Hape ho na le konteraka e akaretsang.

2. Ts'ebetsong ea mofuta ona e tla phethoa ho latela mekhoa e amohelehang e thehiloeng ke 'Muso oa Russia. Tokomane ena e netefalitsoe, ka lehlakoreng le le leng, ke moeletsi, 'me e mong ke moemeli oa mokhatlo o fanang ka ts'ebeletso. Ka tumellano, har'a tse ling, litefello tsa metsi le ho lahla metsi li ka hlalosoa.

3. Ketsahalong ea hore mebuso ea libaka e sebelise mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ka ntle e le mohlokomeli ho fa mofani ka marang-rang a metsi a batang le a likhoerekhoere, likonteraka tse boletsoeng ka holimo li phethoa ka ho toba.

4. Ha ho se na mokhethoa, ba ngolisoang ba ka saena likonteraka (ho kenyeletsa tumellano e le 'ngoe) le setsi, bao mehaho ea bona e amanang le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere kapa likhoerekhoere.

Mabaka a ho phetha tumellano

Konteraka ea metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ke feela ka mor'a hore mofani a romelle kopo (kopo ea batlisisi). Ebang ha u amohela nyehelo e joalo ho tsoa ho mofani oa tšebeletso kapa mokhatlo o tiisetsang (haeba o le teng). Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tabeng eo mohiri a sa khoneng ho ea ho eona qetellong ea tumellano, molemong oa hae, moemeli ea nang le tumello o ka saena lipampiri tsohle. Leha ho le joalo, liketso tse joalo lia khoneha feela haeba ho e-na le matla a 'muelli.

Lintlha tsa tiiso ea tokomane

Ho tloha ka nako eo kopo e kenngoa, motho ea ngolisitsoeng o abeloa matsatsi a 20 mokhatlong o fanang ka litšebeletso tsa metsi. Ha ho e-na le ho hloka boitsebiso ka tlhaho ea tlhahisoleseding e hlokehang (litokomane) pele ho matsatsi a 5 a sebetsang (ho tloha letsatsing la ho romella kopo), mofani o fumana tsebiso mabapi le tlhokahalo ea ho fana ka setsi se nang le tlhahisoleseding e lahlehileng. Hang ha molaetsa o joalo o romeloa ho motho ea eang kopo, ho hlahlojoa ha thepa ho emisoa ho fihlela boitsebiso bohle bo hlokahalang bo amoheloa. Maemo ana a boleloa ke litlhoko tsa morao-rao (lintlha tse 16 le tse 17). Setsi sa lipompong le lits'ebeletso tsa matšeliso se na le tokelo ea ho khaotsa ho nahana ka khetho ea ho hokahanya motho ea ngolisang liphaephe kapa tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere le ho khutlisetsa litokomane tsohle ho eena ka se bontšang sesosa se tobileng. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore liketso tse joalo lia khoneha feela haeba tlhahiso e hlokahalang e sa fanoe ka nako (ke hore, pele matsatsi a 20 ho tloha letsatsing la tsebiso).

Ts'ebetso ea ho ngolisa konteraka

Ha mofani oa litšebeletso kapa mokhatlo o tiisang (ka mor'a ho khetha o mong) o etsa qeto ea ho phetha phetisano, tumellano ea tumellano e romeloa ho motho ea ngolisitseng likopi tse 2, tseo har'a lintho tse ling li nang le leano la ho fana ka metsi le tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Mokhanni o amohela litokomane tsena ho sa tsotellehe mofuta oa tumellano. Pokello ea lipampiri e tšoana le haeba motho a kenela konteraka feela bakeng sa ho fana ka metsi a batang kapa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere, kapa matšoao a konteraka e akaretsang. Tokisetso ea tokomane ena e thehiloe motheong oa litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng, tseo 'muso oa Russia o li hlahlobileng le ho o amohela.

Mabaka a ho hlōleha

Ketsahalong ea hore likopo tse tsoang ho ba ngolisitsoeng ba 'maloa bakeng sa ho hokahanya liphaephe tse bohareng tsa mohaho o tšoanang li amoheloa ke mokhatlo oa metsi le likhoerekhoere, ho hlahloba taba ena ho ka emisoa. Tabeng ena, ho behoa meeli e itseng. Haeba setsi se etsa qeto ea ho emisa ho hlahlojoa ha likopo, bohle ba ikemetseng ba rometseng litokomane ba tlamehile ho fana ka bopaki ba matla a bona a ho saena konteraka ea metsi a batang, likhoerekhoere (kapa tumellano e akaretsang) matsatsing a 30. Ke hore, ho hlahisa lintlha tse hlahang ho Tlaleho ea Naha e Kopaneng bakeng sa thepa ea matlo e bontšitsoeng ho phatlalatsoa. Haeba litokomane tse hlokehang (tse tiisang matla a mofani) li sa kenngoa ka nako e behiloeng, k'hamphani ea metsi e na le tokelo ea ho khaotsa ho amoheloa ha kopo le ho e khutlisetsa ho motho ea ngolisitseng ka mohopolo ka lebaka. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba litokomane tse rometsoeng li lumellana le melao ea morao-rao, mokhatlo o ikemiselitse ho fetisetsa ho mofani ho feta matsatsi a 20 ho tloha ha ho fumana tumellano ea likonteraka (e amoheloang ke 'Muso oa Russia) ka likopi tse 2.

Melao ea ho hlahloba litumellano tsa mofani

Kamora ho fumana litokomane tse nepahetseng, mokotla o lokela ho saena mme a romele sampotso e lekanang le setsi, eseng nako ea matsatsi a 30, ho tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere kapa liphaephe tseo e tla kopanngoa le tsona. Ha motho ea nang le tumello a nka khato molemong oa mofani, joale hammoho le litokomane, bopaki bo tlameha ho fanoa bo tiisetsang litokelo tsa motho. Haeba ka nako e behiloeng, mofani ha aa ka a khutlisetsa likontraka mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng, joale ho nkoa hore o phethoa ka maemo a boletsoeng ka matšeliso. Qeto e joalo e etsoa tabeng ea tlhahiso e potlakileng ea ho fetola tumellano. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore liphetoho tsa tokomane li nkoa feela ha li hanyetsa molao o amohelehang.

Maemo a ho lokisa litokomane

Ho tloha nakong ea ha ho fumanoa lipontšo tsa likonteraka tsa ho kopanya tsamaiso ea drainage kapa pipeline ea bohareng, mokotlane o na le tokelo ea matsatsi a 30 ho etsa tlhahiso ea phetoho ea matšeliso a fanoeng. Leha ho le joalo, litokisetso tsena ha lia lokela ho hanyetsa Molao oa Ts'ebetso, hammoho le litlhoko tsa morao-rao le mehlala ea mohlala e amoheloang ke 'muso oa Russia. Mookameli o romella liphetoho tse loketseng mokhatlong, oo konteraka e fihletsoeng ka oona, ka tsela efe kapa efe e loketseng. Ntho e ka sehloohong ke hore motho ea ngolisitsoeng a fumane bopaki ba ho tsamaisoa ha litokomane tsena.

Nako ea ho hlahloba liphetoho

Ha setsi, setsi sa tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere le likhoerekhoere tseo mofani a ikemiselitseng ho li kopanya, o fumana konteraka le liphetoho tse boletsoeng, o etsa qeto ea ho li hlahloba pele ho matsatsi a 5. 'Me nakong ena k'hamphani e tlameha ho nka mehato e hlokahalang ho felisa ho se lumellane hohle le ho khutlela ho ea ngolisetsang ho tseba le ho saena litekanyetso tse ncha tsa tumellano. Mookameli, ho tloha karolong ea eona, ho tloha ha a fumana litokomane tse lokisoeng, o etsa ho hlahloba le ho tekena likopi tse peli tsa konteraka e ncha ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ha mokhatlo o sa khone ho etsa liphetoho tse bontšitsoeng, hammoho le ho fana ka tumello e sa lebelloang tumellanong le tumellano e tsitsitsoeng, mofani oa tokelo o na le tokelo ea ho kopa lekhotla. Ka nako e ts'oanang, a ka fana ka litlhoko tsa ho qobella k'hamphani ho etsa konteraka.

Melao ea katoloso ea konteraka

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa mofani le khampani e fanang ka metsi le ho lahla metsi ke bakeng sa nako e itseng, e boletsoeng tumellanong. Haeba ho le joalo ha ho le ea mong oa liphatlalatso ea tsebang hore o felisitsoe matsatsi a 30 pele ho fela letsatsi le hlalositsoeng, nako ea ho netefatsa ea litokomane tsena e tla atolosoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore maemo ana a sebetsa le ho kenyelletsa liphetoho tse khonehang kapa ho fihlela qetellong ea konteraka le litlhoko tse ncha.

Tefo

Ho tloha mathoasong a 2014, ho ile ha thehoa likhaello tse ling tsa metsi le ho lahla metsi (sena se sebetsa ho bohle ba lulang sebakeng seo, ntle le literekeng tsa Novomoskovsk le Troitsky). Metsi a metsi a nang le metsi a lekaneng a le 28,40 ka limithara, ho lahla metsi - 20.15. Litefiso tsa ho fela ha selemo li tla be li phahame ho feta. Ho tloha ka November 2014, litšenyehelo tsa metsi a batang ka lik'hilograma li tla ba 29.16, ho lahla metsi - 20.69.