Phagocytosis - ke eng? ke motheo oa phagocytosis eng? mekhahlelo ea phagocytosis

Ho joalo, phagocytosis - ha e le eng? A re ke re leka ho utloisisa tlhaloso ya lentsoe lena. Lentsoe "phagocytosis" simoloha ho tloha tse peli tse Segerike morpheme - phagos (harolang) le kytos (seleng e). Machaba Medical poleloana e reng phagokytosis, ho fapana le russified na qetellong osis, e fetolela ho tloha Segerike e le "thulaganyou e" kapa "lipono tse makatsang." Kahoo, tlhaloso ena ho toba le bolela tshebetso ya ho amohelwa ha moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling lisele tse itseng, morero mokhatlo oa tlhokeng, nkhape le absorption le bokaholimo ba matsoele morago ga moo. A sehloohong sena a re tla bua ka motheo oa phagocytosis. re boetse re bua ka hore na ke phagocytes, nahana ka mehato e le fumana phapang pakeng tsa phagocytosis feletseng le fellang.

History tsa sibolloa ha lisele tse khethehileng motile

The e ikhethang Russia rasaense - II Mechnikov ka 1882 - 1883 lilemo. khanna liteko ka tshilo ya dijo intracellular, ho ithuta bonaletsang larvae ea linaleli leoatle. Rasaense ba ipotsa hore na ho lula phelang multicellular le matla a ho hapa lijo lisele tse fapaneng ho hang. Le silehe hantle, e le ho etsa se protozoa tse kang amoeba game. I. I. Mechnikov qeta boiphihlelo: ho kena 'meleng oa larvae ea carmine phofo le shebella ka bophara tsena khoahlapisitseng nyane mali-e khubelu hōla seleng ea leboteng. Ba tšoaroa ke le ho metsoa pente. Joale e ntan'o ba rasaense khopolo eo ka phelang efe kapa efe lokela ho ba le lisele tsa tshireletso khethehileng, e leng se ka monya le ho silehe likaroloana tse ling kotsi ho 'mele. Ho netefatsa khopolo ea bona, bo-rasaense ba sebelisitse Spikes pinki, tse kenyelletsoa ka 'mele oa larvae ea starfish e. Hamorao, bafuputsi ba ile ba fumana hore lisele tsa pota-potiloe ke meutloa, leka ho loantša "tse senyang lijalo" le sutumelletsa bona. Tsena itseng likaroloana sireletsang fumanoa 'meleng oa larvae, e leng rasaense ea bitsoang phagocytes. Ka phihlelo ena e senotse I. I. Mechnikov phagocytosis. Ka 1883, o ile a sibolloa hae le eang ho bosupa Congress ya naturalists Serussia. Nakong e tlang, le rasaense ea tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka tsela ea ena, entse bolwetse bapisang la ho ruruha, hammoho le khopolo phagocytic ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana. Ka 1908, hammoho le rasaense Paul Ehrlich, o ile a fumana Khau ea Nobel bakeng sa bohlokoa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa bona tsa likokoana-hloko.

Lipono tse makatsang tsa phagocytosis - ke eng?

I. I. Mechnikov shebella 'me ka ithuta mosebetsi oa phagocytosis ka liphetoho tshireletso la batho le liphoofolo e phahameng. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore mokhoa ona o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ho phekola maqeba a tse fapa-fapaneng. Likokoana-hloko Encyclopedic Dictionary e fana ka tlhaloso e latelang. Phagocytosis e mafolofolo ee e amang maikutlo, le absorption lintho tsoang linaheng tse ling tse kang libaktheria, le likhechana seleng ea microfungi, tse phelang unicellular kapa liseleng itseng (phagocytes), fumaneha ka efe kapa efe multicellular phelang. ke motheo oa phagocytosis eng? Ho lumeloa hore e le foromo e moholo ea tšireletso multicellular phelang. The batho sesole tshebetsong phagocytosis hape o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. O ba itšoara joang pele ho qaloa ho mefuta e fapaneng ya likokoana-hloko, libaktheria le mahlahana a tse ling tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. Phagocytes khaotse potoloha ho pholletsa le 'mele, ho batla ho "tse senyang lijalo". Ha moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling e khetholloa, le tlama tsa eona le receptors. monyang Whereupon phagocyte disenyi le timetsa.

lihlopha tse peli tse ka sehloohong ea lisele motile - "basireletsi"

Phagocytes ke kamehla a sebetsang a 'me o itokiselitse ka nako efe kapa efe ho sebetsana le mohloli oa tshwaetso. Ba na le boikemelo itseng, hobane ba ne ba ka phetha mesebetsi ea bona, e seng feela ka hare empa hape kantle ho 'mele: holim'a lera la ka mucous le libakeng tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse senyehileng. phagocytes batho ka ho ya ka katleho ea bona, bo-rasaense ba li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli - sa "litsebi" le "unprofessional". Pele ke monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, lisele tse palo, dendritic lisele le dinama tse nyenyane tse. The kgolo selefouno phagocytic lisele tse ke lisele tsa mali tse tšoeu - lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali. Ba falla ho e bua haholo ka a hlabang le ho kenya tshebetsong mesebetsi sireletsang. Phagocytosis akarelletsa ho ba bonoa ba leukocytes, absorption le ho timetsoa ha lintho mojaki, hammoho le bafu kapa senyehile ipatlele lisele tse lona. Ka mor'a ho phetha mesebetsi ea tsona ea lisele tse tšoeu mali fallela maling, 'me e tsoela pele ho potoloha maling,' me e mong - ho feta apoptosis kapa liphetoho dystrophic. sehlopha "Unprofessional" e na le fibroblasts le reticular lisele tse endothelial, eo na le e tlase phagocytic mosebetsi.

Tshebetso ya ho phagocytosis: ho ba sethaleng pele

Nahana hore na mokhoa oa ho ho laola likokoana kotsi. Bo-rasaense ba fumana mekhahlelo e mene ea phagocytosis. Pele ke convergence: phagocyte atamela ho Sepheo tsoang linaheng tse ling. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho thulana ka phoso kapa ka lebaka la ho ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo directional mokhatlo oa - chemotaxis. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea chemotaxis - positive, (ikutloeleng phagocytes) le mpe (motsamao oa phagocytes). Ka tloaelo ho, chemotaxis amahane isoa sebakeng sa tšenyo e dinama tse nyenyane tse, hammoho le a bakoang ke likokoanyana tse sa bonahaleng le lijo tsa bona.

Khomarela phagocytes ho moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling

Mora convergence kletki "mosireletsi" ka phatsa e kotsi ea Mokhahlelo oa bobeli qala. O khomarela. Phagocyte fihle taba eo o re ho lona 'me a ikamahanya. Mohlala, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, e leng o ile a fihla e le setsi sa ho ruruha le adherent leboteng sejana, a sa thuheng hole le lona, esita le ho sa tsotellehe phallo lebelo le leholo. mochine mamarello o etsoa ke bokaholimo qoso phagocyte. E le busa, ho ke ke mpe, 'me holim' a beha dintho phagocyte e sebele qosoa. Tabeng ena, ho na le ke mamarello molemo ka ho fetisisa. likaroloana hlonamisitsoe qosoa, ho etsa mohlala, hlahala, ba haptjoa ke phagocytes haholo hobe le ho feta. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le ho khomarela likaroloana joalo. E etsoa ka ketso ea mucopolysaccharides, o teng holim'a phagocytes lera la hammoho le ka ho fokotsa e tiileng e qamathelang tsa cytoplasm le koahetseng whey moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Mokhahlelo oa boraro oa phagocytosis

Mora ikamahanya ho tsoang linaheng tse ling Sepheo phagocyte qala absorption lona, e leng ho ka hlaha ka litsela tse peli. A le makhatheng a ho ikopanya le tsa linaha tse ling khetla Sepheo, 'me joale e ntan'o ba Sepheo e huleloa ka seleng. Kahoo Sepheo li koaloa ka metshetshe ntle le lera le, 'me qetellong detached vacuole thehoa, se se akaretsang ka hare ho phatsa sa batleheng. Bobeli absorption tseleng - the ketsahalo ea pseudopodia, likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling le koahetseng ho lohellanya ka ho bona. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba kenyeleditsweng ka vacuoles ka hare ho lisele tse. E le busa, ka thuso ea phagocytes pseudopodia monya microfungi. Hula mantsoe kapa chalametse kotsi Sepheo fetoha khoneha hobane khetla e filoe thepa phagocyte contractile.

Intracellular bokaholimo ba matsoele tsa "disenyi"

Mokhahlelo oa bone e akarelletsa phagocytosis tsa tshilo ya dijo intracellular. Hlahellang tjena. The vacuole nang likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling li akarelletsa lysosomes le rarahaneng la enzyme tshilong ya dijo di butswe le a tšela. Sena se etsa e tikoloho eo bokaholimo ba matsoele le hlaha habonolo likokoana-hloko macromolecules ribonuclease, amylase, protease le lipase. Ka lebaka activates enzyme tshilo ya dijo le ho timetsoa ha le hlaha, 'me joale ho lokolloa ha lihlahisoa vacuole hlepha. Hona joale hore u tseba seo ha e mekhahlelo e mene ea phagocytosis. Ho sireletsa 'mele e etsoa ka mekhahlelo e: pele ho na le convergence phagocyte le Sepheo, joale khahloa, i.e. tokisetso ea likaroloana batleheng ka holim' a "mosireletsi", 'me ka mor'a moo - ho absorption le tshilo ya dijo ea disenyi ya.

Fella le e feletseng phagocytosis. le phapang e bona eng?

Ho itšetlehile ka hore na e tla ba lebaka la intracellular tshilo ya dijo ea likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling, mefuta e 'meli ea hlaphoheloa - feletseng le fellang phagocytosis. Ntho ea pele e phethiloe timetsoa ka ho feletseng le ho tlosoa ha lihlahisoa tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ka ho tikoloho. Fella phagocytosis - ke eng? Lentsoe lena le bolela hore lisele ka bojaki ba ananelang phagocytes, ba lule ba solofetsang. Ba ka timetsa vacuole, kapa ho sebedisa e le "mobu" bakeng sa ho ikatisa. Mohlala oa phagocytosis fella ke uptake gonococcal 'meleng, tseo ha e na maloetseng ho bona. Ha likokoana-hloko ea fella ka phagocytosis tsa phagocytes bolokwa hare, 'me jala ho pholletsa le' mele. Ho joalo, sebakeng sa mochine ho sireletsa phagocytosis fetoha mokhanni oa lefu, ho thusa tse senyang lijalo ho jala le ho ata.

Lisosa tsa intracellular thulaganyou e tshilo ya dijo

Phagocytosis tlōlo le hlaha ka lebaka la mefokolo ea sebopeho sa phagocytes hammoho le hatelloang mosebetsi oa selefouno kletok- "Basireletsi ba". Ho phaella moo, e phetoho e bohloko ka tshilo ya dijo intracellular mohlomong ka lebaka la ho mafu a lefa, tse kang mafu a le Alder Chedyaka-Higashi. Tlōlo sebopeho sa phagocytes, ho akarelletsa le nchafatso ea leukocytes, hangata ho etsahala ha mahlaseli kapa ka lebaka la ho neutropenia lefa. Hatelloang mosebetsi oa phagocytes ka 'na etsahala ka lebaka la ho khaello ea lihomone tse ling, electrolyte le divithamini. Hape chefo glycolytic le chefo likokoana-hloko tse hampe ama ea ka tšebetso ea phagocytes. Re tšepa, ka sehlooho sena, o ka habonolo arabe potso ena: "? Phagocytosis - se e". Mahlohonolo!