Northern Renaissance le litšobotsi tsa lona

Poleloana e reng "Renaissance» ( «rinascita») ke ea bonono Rahistori Dzhordzho Vazari. Hamorao, lentsoe ile ka isoa nyoloha ka French le ile fetoleloa Renaissance (Renaissance) - e le o boetse o bitsoa nako e. The foreime nako ha ho bonolo ho bona hore: ho lumeloa hore o ile a qala ka lefu la seoa le leholo ka 1347 'me e ile ea fela le qaleha ea Age New, pele bourgeois phetohelo. Ho tsosoa nakong ee? Vasari nahana hore moea oa bohlale oa boholo-holo bo-rafilosofi ba Bagerike le setso sa Roma. All ena e lithunthung ka Italy ka mor'a "lilemo tse lefifi" - jwalo bitsoa Rahistori nakong ea Mehla e Bohareng. Transalpine kapa Northern Renaissance tlile haholo hamorao Setaliana, 'me e na le lona makgetheng ipatlele tlholeho feela ho eena.

Ho ea ka leboea tsa Alps ka Bophirimela le Europe Central bakeng sa nako e telele ka ho setso sa oa busa Gothic, eo e ile ea fihla le tlhōrō ea eona e leng XIV lekholong la lilemo la ( "Flamboyant Gothic"). Leha ho le joalo, mathoasong a ho XIV le XV lilemo tse makholo Burgundy, ba qala ho hlaha painters le sculptors hore a furalla canons ea hloekisitsoeng Gothic. Sena ke haholo-holo Limbourg Bara le moseti K.Slyuter. Ha Duchy ea Burgundy fetela le libakeng tse hōle le profinseng joale French 'me a koahela Belgium le Netherlands. Ha ho makatse hore e ka Leboea ea Renaissance ne ho fetisisa bonahaleng linaheng tseo.

Haeba qalong ea Setaliana Renaissance ba ho amahanngoa le ho ho oa ha Constantinople le fihla ka Italy ea palo e khōlō ea baphaphathehi tswa Byzantium Empire, ea ileng a isoa le bona setso Segerike, naha eo lilemo tse lekholo hamorao ho ile ha latela Northern Renaissance - Netherlands, Jeremane, Fora, Engelane le tse ling tse nako e telele a lula ke ea boholo-holo pono. Haeba a etsa anthropocentrism, ka leboea tsa Alps ka Italy, filosofi ea batho ba tloaelehileng - pantheism.

Pantheism bolela hore Molimo e diffused tsa tlhaho, empa ka lebaka e khabisitse naha mona o tšoaneloa ke ntsetseng pele ka seile e le tšobotsi e tsoang ho Molimo. Mofuta Setaliana Renaissance idealized, ka ho khetheha ba amohuoa ntlha ea sebele 'me hangata o sebeletsa e le okametsoeng bakeng sa potreite le. Northern Renaissance, e batlang ho hapa mefuta ea sebele, baka e mofutakwalo sa itšetleha ka ho penta - landschap. Haholo-holo mokhoa ona ka bonono bonwang atleha tlasa borashe Jeremane baetsi ba litšoantšo A. Dürer, Lucas Cranach A. Altdorfer, Zh.Fuke Mofora, Dutchman J. Patinir.

Potreite - mofutakwalo mong moo ho fetisisa ka ho hlaka o ile a bontša ka Leboea Renaissance. Artists H. Holbein Jr. le Dürer Jeremane, Rogier le van der Weyden le Jan vene Eyck ka Niderdandah, J. le F. Clouet Clouet, Jean Fouquet Fora leka ho fetisa ha se botle ba 'mele ea sefahleho, empa kelello ea motho e bontšitsoeng leqepheng seile e, ho fihlela haholo maikutlong expressiveness tsa setšoantšo. Ka mor'a aesthetics mehleng e bohareng tsa "ugliness", mong'a dibaga hangata sebelisa seo fetoa fetisisa Ieronim Boskh.

Bobeli mofutakwalo hore spawned Northern Renaissance, litšoantšo ena letsatsi le letsatsi. Italy, moreki e ka sehloohong ea bonono entse kereke, e leng batla ho bona litšoantšo tsa liketsahalo Bibele. Netherlands, ka ho eketsehileng a hlaheletseng 'lebaleng la boithabiso lipolotiki tsa sehlopha sa bourgeoisie o fetang baton ho: mohoebi guilds le mabenkele sekepe rekiloeng baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ka litsoantso tsa bona khahlanong le okametsoeng ke la motse oa hae e le letsoalloa, e leng, ho kopantswe le ho hlaha ha landschap sa, etsa litšoantšo mofutakwalo. Mong'a kholo ka ho fetisisa ea litšoantšo mofutakwalo - Pieter Bruegel the Elder, eo hape a bitsoang "la balemi", ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore o ne a rata ho bontšang litšoantšo tsa bophelo la balemi. Bakeng sa hae le lintho tse ling "tse nyenyane Dutch" e tšoauoa ka e sebini se ipabola hakae e sa tloaelehang le lintlha ka ho phethahetseng prorisovyvanie.