Nature North America. Haholo-holo ea mofuta oa Amerika Leboea

Amerika Leboea, moo jeokrafi le e se tseba feela lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, 'me esita le ka nako eo ka ho feletseng, ke k'honthinente e khōlō. O ile a bula e ne e le batho ba Europe lekholong la bo10. Bolelele ba North America e moholo hoo tlhaho e fapaneng, e seng feela e ka boroa le e ka leboea, empa hape le ka likarolong tse ka bophirimela le e ka bochabela ea k'honthinente e.

phuputso e entsoeng kakaretso

Mapa North America ( 'meleng) e bontša hore ka leboea le hōle ea mona, ka ho k'honthinente Eurasian, teng arctic lefeelleng la - sebakeng sa leqhoa le lehloa. Naheng ena, ha ho letho le e ntse e hōla ntle le mosses le boriba. From Alaska, Labrador leboea le Hudson Bay qala sebakeng tundra. Ho ntse ho ka etsahala ho ea kopana le dwarf lifate, lihlahla le joang tlaase. Tundra phallang ka morung phaene. Ka kakaretso, meru North American koahela karolo ea boraro ea k'honthinente e. Taiga le tšoeu le spruces ntšo, phaene le firs nkeloa sebaka balsame e tsoakiloeng le deciduous merung, moo ho na le Linden, maples, dieike, chestnuts. Ebe moru thins tsoa, 'me le re susumelletsa ho ea ka boroa ka morung,' me ka mor'a - ka steppe le. libakeng tsena tsa Amerika Leboea li bitsoa prairies. Ka naha e na le ea sebele ea lehoatata, empa ba hataketse khaola ka lithabeng e le tsa bona.

makgetheng klimate

Mofuta wa North America e le tse fapa-fapaneng e le k'honthinente e ka libaka tsohle klimate, ka ntle ho equator. Mariha meteo e haholo angoa ke mahlaseli a letsatsi, 'me nakong ea lehlabula - tšusumetsong ea maoatle. Karolong e ka leboea ea naha ka January frosts fihle -20 ... -25 likhato, ha a ntse a karolong e bohareng ea Greenland e ka ba ho fihlela ho likhato -55. Alaska, 'me boholo ba Hudson Bay bate qeta mariha ho -15 ... -20,' me moea nakong ea lehlabula e thabisa ho tsa +5 ... + 10. Libakeng le mocheso leholimo (leboea la melomo ea Columbia) qeta mariha mocheso ke -10 ... -5 likhato le se fetang +20 lehlabula. Tšimo ho tloha Florida ho California, ke ea lebanta tropike. Ka Mississippi Valley lehlabuleng karolelano ho futhumala ha ho +25 ... + 30, 'me frosts qeta mariha ka' na ea fihla ho likhato tse 15.

Arctic

Bontša 'mapa oa Amerika Leboea (' meleng), ke karolo ka leboea k'honthinente e se monotonous. Ho itšetlehile ka sebaka le mofuta wa liphetoho. Eng kapa eng eo e sa koahetsoe ke leqhoa, ba phelelang ho ka metsi. Mala tundra ka linako tse ling esita le khanya ho feta Russia hoetla moru. Leqhoa leoatleng fana e mengata e fapaneng e babatsehang ea mebala e le phetoho e boreleli ho tloha tšoeu ho batho ba batšo. Leqhoa e atisa ho 'mala le botala hues putsoa. Ke lehae la ho libere Polar le walruses, linonyana le se haholo, le hoja bongata ba likokoanyana tse sebediswa bakeng sa lijo tsa bona barui.

Ka holimo ho halofo ea sushi US Arctic ke Greenland, e leng 85% khurumeditsweng leqhoa lakane. Leha ho le joalo, lebōpo lona ha ho joalo pholileng e le ho bonahala ho ba bangata. Ka ea lehlabula, batho ba mona esita le ho sesa ka letšeng. limela Greenland ke sa tšoaneng haholo 'me o na le mefuta e makholo a' maloa e fapaneng ya dimela, har'a oona ho na le esita le tsa birch. Empa, ho hlakile, haholo-holo naheng e koahetsoeng ka limela bath ya tundra ena. Mona e fumanoa polanete nyenyane ka ho fetisisa sefate - sa dwarf moluoane, fihla ba bolelele ba sa feteng 5 di emetse disentimitara. Lebōpong le ka bophirimela la Greenland na le lintho tsa tlhaho tse matla haholoanyane. Ho na le leqhoa le mabopo majoe indented ke likou le likou.

moru boreal

Mofuta wa North America ruileng merung. Ka boroa ho tundra ho hola osinovidnye phagocyte le hum kalse mohbat ka, se ka boroa-bophirimela - phaene le phaene meru, tseo fa tsela e eang boroa ho libaka phetoho le limela phaene le deciduous. Canada ka leboea bohale ama botle le khutsitseng ka nako efe kapa efe ea selemo, empa ka ea lehlabula, ha ho e-phaene moru khanya le mebala e khanyang, ke haholo-holo ntle. Yukon le British Columbia ba koahetsoe ke le leoatle la lifate. Limela le liphoofolo tsa Amerika Leboea ka libaka ena e bontša hore mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e. Ea liphoofolo mona ho na le e tšoeu-gelada likhama, bison tse hlaha, coyotes, li-beaver, likhama, ea bohlooho le khubelu Kangna, morung caribou, mebutlanyana le hares, wolverines.

Ka phetoho sebakeng conifers qala ho moemedi wa sona le deciduous: eike, elderberry, alder, maple leaf. Tsoakiloeng moru otlolla tloha British Columbia ke sebakeng Great Lakes le ho feta - ho New England. Lithabeng tsa Southern California le pota-potiloe ke makhulo a koahetsoeng ka meru e tala. Sebakeng mabopong ke e ngata ea limela eksotiske - lifate sa palema le lifate eucalyptus imported ho tloha Australia. Ka Kentucky, Alabama le Tennessee Hōla le moru oa sebele sephara-leaved. Ka e re tsena, le Georgia, eena o ho ea ka bochabela, ka boroa ho Virginia. Ho na le dieike, Hazel, Elm, birch, hornbeam, Magnolia, alder, moluoane, maple leaf, phagocyte, chestnut, molora, leoka.

meru mocheso ba aroloa ho ba hlobolisa ea parklands Prairie. Ba matha ka East Texas, pota-pota le Great Lithoteng le koahela lithoteng tsa Illinois, 'me joale o kgaoleditse le Rocky Mountains,' me hape hlaha karolong e ka boroa British Columbia. mofuta ona wa sebaka tšoauoa ka joang le hlaha ka har'a bona lifate le 'ngoe: junipere, phaene, a eike, maple leaf, phaene.

Prairie

Kahoo bitsoa sebaka se nang meeli, occupying kaofela bohareng karolo ea k'honthinente e. Mofuta wa North America o ile tsa fetoha haholo ka lebaka la ho tshusumetso batho, 'me Prairie foromo ka eona qalong e hona joale fumana feela ka le likoatipa nyenyane. Ba bang kaofela ba naha e lengoa, nosetsa artificially a tšela ka mela matla le marangrang a tseleng. Hammoho linōka lithoteng moroallo otlolla fumanehang moo polasing. dimela tse ngata le liphoofolo tsa Amerika Leboea, pele a kopana mona, joale nyamela kapa haholo tsa fokotswa.

Ka Prairie mariha e batang ka ho lekaneng: lehloa oela, meea e kupa. Ha ho fihla selemo e ka ba le meroallo e matla. Mona ke nako e molemo ea - ka khoeli ea pele tsa lehlabula, ha tsohle ke monko o monate 'me lithunthung. Ka August tabeng ea komello, mello atisa ho etsahala'ng. Leha ho le joalo, likhutlong tsa Prairie, ho a sireletsa senyeha, Maamerika lumela bohale ba botle keng ea lekanngoa. Bahahlauli ba rata sebakeng sena hoo e ka lebōpong le ka leoatle le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa moru.

le lithabeng

From Alaska ho Mexico, ho otlolla ketane ea Cordillera, 'me pakeng tsa bona maporogo leshano lithoteng le sehlabeng. le lithabeng Rocky koahetsoeng ka limela e hlollang le jara a mangata makatsang putsoa matša. Lehloa le ka matsoapong ka leboea le phuleng sekotlolo-e bōpehileng joaloka ke ke qhibiliha tsohle lehlabula. Lithabeng tsa Arizona, Utah le Colorado pota-potiloe ke sehlabeng se phahameng. sebakeng sena kaofela e na le boemo ba leholimo tsa lona, mofuta lona le sebopeho Geological, liphoofolo tse hlollang le limela. A mangata fokotsa Geological strata ka e 'ngoe ea limakatso tsa Amerika Leboea - Grand Canyon, botebo seo ka sona fihla limithara tse 1800,' me bolelele - km 340. Batho ba tsoang likarolong tsohle tsa lefatše tlile mona ho tla bona ka mahlo a bona mahlong oa bosafeleng le boholo ba lintho tsa tlhaho.

lebōpong le lehlabathe

Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ea naha, e leng sehlekehleke sa Nantucket ho Florida 'me ho pota Koung ea Mexico hlobolisa mabopong otlolla le lotho ea litutulu lehlabathe. Libakeng tse ling ho ka litutulu le lifate phaene, le groundsel, hlaha a ema. Mona e fumanoa e ngata linonyana: mockingbirds, blackbirds, likokolofitoe putsoa, li-woodpecker, Marsh lycidae trupialy, oats, cormorants, gulls, matata. Linonyana fepa ka lintho tse phelang metsing: tlhapi, makhala, makhala pere, 'me joalo-joalo.

Qetellong

Mofuta wa North America bakeng sa nako e telele ke ha ho tšoane le ho e ne e le pele. Ka mor'a lema ea prairies, meru rema, ho haha motse, batho ba 'nile robile ho leka-lekana ea tlhaho. Man bolaoa mopalami leeba, 'me a bolaea mohlape oa linare, le liphoofolo tse setseng, ba le ho tloaela maemo a macha. U ka bona kamoo motse le literateng opossums phethola makotikoti lithōle ho ea batla lijo, raccoon haufi lireschorente ikōpela ho thonaka makumane a, 'me hammoho le litsela tse khōlō fula likhama tse hlaha, ka ho feletseng tsotelle ho likoloi careening. New York, e melelele ea liphooko nesting le liphakoe, le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapa ba nkile motso mefuta e fapaneng ya linonyana. Mona 's ka eena, liphoofolo anthropogenic landschap!