"Mudyug" (pshatlang leqhoa). Disele-motlakase pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug"

Russia mabopong mola hammoho le Leoatle la Arctic e moholo hoo naha hloka likepe tsa likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Empa likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa li sebetsa, eseng feela ka ho North. Ba tšoare lekhotla selemo ho pota, 'me freezing maoatle le linōka.

Histori ea Russia pshatlang leqhoa likepe

Ka linoka o ka leboea oa Russia o nako e telele o ile a sebelisa likepe leqhoa-tlōla. Pele sekepe pshatlang leqhoa e ile ea hahoa ka Kronstadt ka 1864, 'me se a ntse a qetellong ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la e ile ya ka molao a bōpa pshatlang leqhoa likepe. E tummeng pshatlang leqhoa "Ermak", maikutlo a lona e le Motlatsi Admiral S. O. Makarovu le rasaense ea tummeng D. I. Mendeleevu, e ne e thehiloe ho shipyard Senyesemane ka 1897.

Bosebeletsi ba Navy tsa Serussia Muso ka 1913, o ile a phatlalatsa ka bonolo bakeng sa kaho ea leshome le metso e guttate le koung likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Ea lefatše ho ea pele moleng pshatlang leqhoa "Svyatogor" e ile ea hahoa ka 1917 ke "Mohlomphehi Armstrong le K °" porojeke e ne S. O. Makarova. Hamorao, ho ile rehoa 'me ba qala ho jara lebitso la "Krasin".

Pele likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa Union ho ile ha hahoa ka shipyards malapeng lilemong 1938-1941. Leqhoa Fleet ea Soviet Union e ne e ena makhotleng ruuoang, Brithani, Jeremane, Sedanishe, Sefinnishe le Canada kaho.

Union pshatlang leqhoa likepe replenished le tsa nyutlelie-tsamaisoa pele pshatlang leqhoa ea lefatše ho ea "Lenin" ka 1959, e ile ea hahoa ka Admiralty Shipyard.

Disele likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa ho Union Navy hahiloeng ka shipyards Finland. E ne e le matla le likepe thaepa "Moscow" le likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa thaepa "Captain Sorokin" matla a 16,2 MW etselitsoeng kolukaluka na ka melomo ea linōka Arctic le libakeng tse ka bolibeng tebang ka thempereichara e ea -50 ° C, 'me likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa tsa mofuta "Mudyug". Ho ea qetellong ea histori Union ea malapeng icebreaking likepe e ne e sa lijana 36.

Mudyug sehlekehleke sohle

Leoatleng White haufi molomong oa Northern Dvina River ke sehlekehleke tse botle bo hlollang hore hohela bahahlauli le botle, Moea o hloekileng le leoatle, 'me histori e tšabehang. Mudyug ho Arkhangelsk ne a ena le bohlokwa mosolotogamaano, ho tšoana le ho le Kronstadt ho St. Petersburg.

Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa le qalong ea Ntoa ea Lehae ea ho na le e ne e le kampong ea mahloriso bōpiloe ke bahlaseli-ea-ntoa, eo hamorao e ileng botlamuoeng ahloloe chankaneng. Liahelong, 'me ntan'o ba ho ba chankaneng Maemo a ne a hlokang botho, moo ba seng bakae ba ileng ba pholoha, kahoo Mudyug bitsoa "sehlekehlekeng sa lefu."

Joale sehlekehlekeng ke histori le mofuta pokello, e kenyeletsang mesaletsa ea likampong le lichankaneng, ba ba tataise mwinda tora ka 1875 le tora e hahiloeng ka 1938.

Monument ho mahlatsipa a kenella ho e se e thehilwe mohopolong oa ba bolaoa sehlekehlekeng seo ka 1928, pele ho Lejoe le samente, 'me ka 1958 o ne a nkeloa sebaka ke a morema-phofu.
Lebitso la sehlekehleke sena se bitsoang sekepe. "Mudyug" - ya disele-motlakase pshatlang leqhoa bokgoni ba 7 MW, se hahiloeng ka 1982.

Pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug"

Phetolelo ea lebitso lena le Finno-Ugric - "meandering noka". Lebitso, ka kakaretso, tsela e lumellanang le tshebetso jwale ya pshatlang leqhoa ea thusang.

E ne e hahiloe ka 1982 ka e tummeng ea Sefinnishe shipyard "Wärtsilä" (likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa Sefinnishe roba leqhoa nakong icebreaking likepe tsa lefatše), hammoho le likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa tse ling tse peli - "Dixon" le "Magadan" - ka mor'a hae. O ile a qala mosebetsi oa hae e le "Mudyug" ho sebetsa ka Murmansk Shipping Company, ka nako eo o ne a isoa Arkhangelsk. Ka 1987, "Mudyug" ile remade ke morero oa Switzerland. Halofo pel'a pshatlang leqhoa ho ile feletseng tsosolosoa, 'me hona joale nko ea hae e tšoana le ea boholo bo seqhenqha galosh. sekepe tanka ea e-ba khōlō haholo, empa bo ntse bo mpefala matjato le nko e ncha, eo qalong e ile ntshetswa pele bakeng sa matša a masesaane leqhoa ka Switzerland, o ile a hlōleha ho senya leqhoa teteaneng tsa Arctic. Le pshatlang leqhoa ea thusang o ile a isoa ho St. Petersburg ka lekala la North-West ea Rosmorport.

Hona joale e se fokotsa ho ba leqhoa e monyenyane ka fairway ka ho Neva Bay, le hlobolisa ea metsi a hloekileng ka mor'a eona pilotage bophara le bataletse.

Features pshatlang leqhoa

Mong'a thusang pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug" ke North-West Basin Branch tsa FSUE "Rosmorport", ngotsoe ho koung ea St. Petersburg. "Rosmorport" lekhotla netefatsa tsamaya sireletsehileng ka metsi a likoung Russia ka Leoatle la Baltic le ka atamela ho eona.

Pshatlang leqhoa le bokgoni ba 7.3 MW leqeba develops lebelo ka metsi bulehileng ea 16,5 mafito. Bolelele ba eona ke limithara tse 111,6, bophara - limithara tse 22,2, e thaothelang sesole e - limithara tse 6,8, le bophahamo - limithara tse 38. Kakaretso displacement pshatlang leqhoa - boima ba lithane tse 8,154 tse sekete, leqhoa tse koahetsoeng - 115 di emetse disentimitara.

Leqhoa passability - bokhoni ba pshatlang leqhoa ho ho fallela ka matla a feletseng enjene ka leqhoa tiileng, ho bontša le leqhoa sejana le lekanya botenya palo e kahodimodimo ea leqhoa, eo ho eona sejana e ka ba sa khaotse a fallela ka lebelo bonyane.

Ho ea ka "Rosmorport" pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug" matsatsi a mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ka ba tsamaya e ikemetseng, le sebaka sa eona sa ho sesa ka Leoatle la Baltic ha e felle feela.

ho khethoa ha sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa

Thusang pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug" etselitsoeng ikemetseng icebreaking lijana kgolo, ke hore, rala le kanaleng metsi a hloekileng, leqhoa-ntle ho tefo. Ho tloha sehlopha sena se bolelele ba itšetlehile ka metsi a hlwekileng le kanaleng bolelele ba pshatlang leqhoa, "Mudyug" batsamai ka 'na ba nka lijana tse' maloa. Ho ka boetse ha thapo ya lijana intša propelled le mehaho phaphametseng eseng feela ka leqhoa le, empa hape ka metsi a hloekileng. The khethehileng tsa "pshatlang leqhoa", tseo mehloli e sephara le kanaleng, o dumella ho thapo likepeng ka thapo e telele.

thepa lona dumella ho tima mollo ka dimela tsohle, eseng feela ka dintho tse ding le tse phaphametseng, le ho phetha mosebetsi oa ho fana ka thuso ho lijana hore le mahlomoleng, 'me ka leqhoa,' me metsi a bulehileng.

Teko ka modernization tsa leqhoa-breaker

Qalong, leqhoa tse koahetsoeng rarolloa ke ho eketseha ha boima ba sekepe le bokgoni ba limela tsa lona matla a. Empa e ile hore fapaneng eo ho eona leqhoa e khaola a sa le hlaha ka lehlakoreng le itseng, ha gags, joalo ka ha e atlehe haholoanyane. Foromo ena e khethehileng ea mofuta o vela lumella u ho sutumelletsa ka mahlakoreng a sekepe khaola leqhoa tlasa drive leqhoa, a siea sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa hlobolisa hloekileng tsa metsi, ho ena le likhechana tsa leqhoa, e leng ho se seng le se seng sekepe ka feta.

West Jeremane khampani "Thyssen-Waas 'o ile a re se ileng sa etsahalla le atlehileng. tsa modernization tsa leqhoa-breaker" Maks Valdek "le" Mudyug "a rework. O molelele o nko kabelo le ho teba patiloe ka tlas'a karolo hae lerootho tsa lipeipi ankora hawse le ile sa hlahisa wags bitsa pshatlang leqhoa "galosh" kapa "linkong".

Ho tloha ka le liteko tse leoatle hlahile nakong ea lehlabula, leqhoa sebakeng Franz Josef ea Lefatše e ne e se teteaneng haholo, 'me liteko tse sa fana ka liphetho tse khotsofatsang. Empa nakong ea mariha ka pilotage e sebetsang hlaha neng u sa e nahana likoli. Astern leqhoa pshatloa re fallele ho hang ka se khonang ho se joalo, 'me ka pele ho ne ho tletseng hoo li pepetehang ka leqhoa. Ho phaella moo, glaciologists li bontšitse hore selotlolo selemo leqhoa le hummocks seha ha khoneha, ho fapana le mong-selemo, e khaola ho "Mudyug" liteko. Sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa o ile a qetella a isoa ho ea Leoatleng la Baltic.

mekete likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa

Mathoasong a May 2014 e neng e tšoaretsoe likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa mokete. E ile ea tšoareloa St. Petersburg, e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ka lefatše le e nehetsoeng ho sesquicentennial tsa pshatlang leqhoa likepe tsa Russia. Petersburg a nka Hits likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Feela letsatsi la pele la mokete ile a eteloa ke batho ba fetang likete tse leshome. E tummeng Arctic pshatlang leqhoa "Krasin" le histori ba ruileng le ba bahale; Port pshatlang leqhoa «Ivan Kruzenshtern", e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a hore moholo motsamai admiral HAEBA Kruzenshtern; e 'ngoe ea likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa tse tšeletseng, e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a hore e tummeng balaoli ba Soviet Union "Captain Zarubin"; likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa morao-rao le pholoso thepa bakeng sa timang har'a leoatle mollo le ntoa e khahlanong le oli qhalana "Moscow" le "St. Petersburg" - sebakeng se joalo e babatsehang e ne e le ba tšoaneloang ke mosebetsi ea "Mudyug" pshatlang leqhoa ho pilotage ka maoatle freezing.

Ka lekhetlo la bobeli moketeng e ile ea tšoareloa May 2015. O ile oa neheloa ho Tlhōlo ea hae bomashome a supileng ebile e ba tlatlapa barupeluoa ba convoys Polar nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World. Hape, St. Petersburg tšoaroa ka parade ea likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Ho phaella ho barupeluoa ba selemong se fetileng, sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa "Krasin", "Ivan Kruzenshtern", "Mudyug" le "Moscow", ba kopanela moketeng "Nevskaya Zastava" le "Captain Sorokin."

Nakong e tlang Russia pshatlang leqhoa likepe

Hona joale ba qapa boemo lenaneo bōpa le lecha icebreaking likepe tsa Russia, kaha likepe fetisisa jaana ho ngoloa theoha.

Ho kopanyelletsa le tse tla hahuoa disele-motlakase likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa: mola ho sebetsa ka Arctic, matla a ka shafts eo - 25 MW; Mocheng oa ho freezing maoatle bokgoni ba 16-18 MW; lithuso tsa ka bokgoni ba 7 MW, joaloka sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa "Mudyug".

Sehlopha sa pshatlang leqhoa Lk-25D khonang, ho fetola pshatlang leqhoa "Krasin" le "Admiral Makarov", ho fana ka ea lehlabula tsamaya le pelehi ba cargoes sa likepe le ka bochabela, 'me selemo ho pota - ka bophirimela Arctic sebakeng, ka Yenisei.

Likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa mofuta Lk-18D, tse reretsoeng ho nka sebaka sa lijana tsa "Captain Sorokin," ka fana ka lipalangoang, eseng feela ka ka bochabela Arctic le Bochabela bo Hōle, empa hape le libakeng tse ncha hlamatsehang ka beisine Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela.
Likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa thaepa Lk-7D tla eseng feela hore le nka sebaka sa ba thusang likepe disele-motlakase tse kang "Mudyug".

moloko o mocha pshatlang leqhoa e hlokahala bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea litaelo e ntjha ya sephethephethe ka Bochabela bo Hōle le Arctic, 'me tšebeletso ea likoung tse ncha le boemelong ba.