Motse lehaheng la Calais: photos, recensioni, sebaka

Lehaheng motse oa Calais e kamehla hapa tlhokomelo ea bahahlauli. Hore na ke eng e thahasellisang? Moo e ke? ke litšōmo tse amanang le eona ke efe? Ena 'me ba bangata ba bang re tla hlalosa ka sehlooho sena.

Moo e ke?

Moo ke Calais? motse lehaheng e teng ka setereke Crimean Hloahloeng Bakhchisaray. Toropong e haufinyane (Bakhchisarai) ka 2.5-3 km. Toropong e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane e lutse ka phahameng moepa lithaba sehlabeng susumetsa malapeng Crimean Mountains, e lika-likelitsoe ke liphula tse tharo tse tebileng.

Calais - toropo lehaheng, eo aterese e sa fumanoa mapeng efe kapa efe. Location ka itsebisa likhakanyo: Bakhchisaray setereke, Crimean Hloahloeng.

Hore ba se ke ba kheloha tsela, ea lehaheng motse oa Calais, haufi le hokahanyang ea basesisi GPS: N 44 ° 44'27 "E ea 33 ° 55'28".

Mokhoa oa ho fumana moo?

E 'ngoe ea lipotso tse ileng tsa hlaha ka ho batho ba batlang ho etela lehaheng motse oa Calais - joang ho fumana moo? Ho na le dikgetho tse peli: ho intša ka koloi ke dipalangwang tsa setjhaba le setopong ho qetela "Staroselie" (Bakhchisarai) tsoela pele ho latela mosikong oa lipontšo ho qhobosheane, kapa ho Calais e le karolo ea sehlopha se leeto (khetho ena ea khethang bahahlauli fetisisa, holidaymakers ka plesieroorde ea lebōpong le ka boroa la Crimea Hloahloeng).

Options bakeng sa mabitso mahaheng

motse lehaheng tsa histori lona nako e telele e ho pheta-pheta a fetola lebitso la lona.

Ho ea ka phetolelo ea e mong, lebitso la pele la motse e ne e le Fulla. Ho fedisa ka lebitso joalo e ho pheta-pheta boletsoeng ka litlalehong tsa histori ea 1-2 lilemo tse makholo AD, empa bafuputsi ba ne ba sa fumane hantle hantle moo a neng.

From lekholong la bo13 la lilemo ho mehloli ea, motse ona e ile se ile a bua ka e le Kirk-Kapa (tlhahiso e nngwe le tloaelehileng la Kirk-EF), eo ka ho toba le fetolela e le "liqhobosheane mashome a mane." Hape nakong ea puso ea Crimean Khan ka fumana lebitso la Gevher-Kermen (ka phetolelo - "matlotlo Qhobosheane"), lebitso ka hlalosoa ke 'nete ea hore Tatar ulema mahakoe khabileng liheke tsohle, marako le liheke tsa qhobosheane ea.

Ka bohareng ba lekholo la bo17 lekholong la lilemo la citadel e ile ka isoa ho Karaites le a lebitso le lecha - Calais. Le fetoletsoeng e le ho tswa ho Crimea Karaite puo puo "Kale" ( "kala kala") le bolela "ho setene lerako, fortification, qhobosheane."

Ka mor'a hore a hapa Crimea ho toropong Russia Empire Calais fetoloa lehaheng motse oa Calais, e fetoletsoe ho tloha puo Crimean Tatar le bolela "ba Bajuda" kapa "ba Bajuda" qhobosheane (çufut - e le Mojuda, e le Mojuda; qale - qhobosheane). Lebitso lena ke liqhobosheane o ile a fa bahoebi ba ile a khaotsa ho ka ho mona bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya ditlhoko tsa, butle-butle lebitso la Calais fetoha official, e sebelisoa mesebetsing saense bo-rasaense ba Soviet Union 'me lingoliloeng Karaite bangodi ho tloha Bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ho fihlela ka 1991,.

Ho tloha ka 1991, baeta-pele ba Crimean Karaites rehoa lehaheng qhobosheane motse oa Calais ka Dzhuft-Calais (ka phetolelo - menahanya kapa matla habeli), empa e le hore le renaming ne e le ea nkang lintho ka bo sa reroang.

Hammoho le mabitso le Chufut- Dzhuft-Calais, ka Karaite lingoliloeng ho na le mabitso a mang a metse lehaheng ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo bo19 la lilemo e ne e bitsoa "Motse Yuhudim", 'me joale - "Village ly Kara".

History of motheo

Ho na le liphetolelo tse 'maloa mabapi le motheo oa lehaha motse. Ka mong oa bona, le ho fedisa pele ho ile ha thehoa mona Sarmatians le Alans ka 4th lekholong la lilemo la AD. Ho ea ka phetolelo ea bobeli, e leng atisa ho bo-rasaense ba ho fetisisa, ka mor'a lilemo tse 550 (nakong ea puso ea Byzantium Moemphera Justinian) le hore a sireletse ba atamela ho Chersonesos tharo lehaheng qhobosheane toropo e thehiloe: Calais, Calais le Mangul Eski-Kermen. Leha ho le joalo, ya data ka metsana tsena li ne li sa akarelletsa treatise "Ka meaho 'ya data ka bona ba fumanehang ka lebaka la lintho tse epolotsoeng le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng.

lilomong keneha le lelele lilomong thehoa ka tlhaho, li ne li Framed monna ea marako a phahameng le liqhobosheane. Citadel fetohile bolulo sireletsehileng le fortification babatsehang.

Qhobosheane ho nako ea Crimean Khanate

Ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo11 la lilemo, qhobosheane fumanoeng busa holim 'a Kipchak (molemo tsejoa e le Cumans), renaming ka Kirk-Ep.

Ka 1299 Emir Nogai masole o ile a nka ena sefefo matlafatsa ka mor'a nako e telele le ho ikutloa ke tlalellane thibella, ile a ikhapela thepa le ho lelekoa Sarmatian-lancers ba leo ho ahiloeng ho citadel. Hapa lehaheng motse Tatars bitsoang Kirk-Kapa.

Lekholong la 13-14 (nakong ea puso ea Khan Jani Beg) Mona ke e mong oa garrisons ea Crimean ulus, le ikarotseng ho tswa Golden Horde.

Active le ka potlako ntshetsopele ya lehaheng motse oa Calais ne a lekholo la bo15 la lilemo. The le lebaka la ho joalo ka potlako ntshetsopele ya citadel e ne e le hore Kirk-Kapa e ile ea fetoha motse-moholo oa pele oa Crimean Khanate. Khan Haji Giray lokisetsa bolulo o hae mona ka mor'a ho hlōla 'musi oa Kirk-Orsk Khanate Eminek Bey. Haji Giray ea e-ba mothehi oa ya lesika lohle la babusi Crimean. Nakong ea puso ea hae ea qhobosheane e ne e hahiloe ke ntlo ea 'muso Khan, ho theha madrasas, atolosoa etsoa tlas'a Jani Beg Mosque. Ho na le khopolo e le hore ka lilemo tse ea pele ea puso ea Khan Haji Giray e ile ea hahoa le koena, eo hatisitsoeng lichelete tsa tšepe ea silevera ea ka mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng "Kirk-Kapa" (mesaletsa ea mohaho ona o li ile tsa fumanoa ka archaeologists qhobosheane).

Histori ea qhobosheane ka mor'a hore ho hloka lintho tsa boemo ba motse-moholo

Ka bohareng ba lekholo la bo17 la lilemo Khan Giray Mengli laela kaho ea ntlo ea borena e ncha ka ho mokhoabo oo letsoai 'me ba fallela ea bolulo ea Khan. Qhobosheane ho ile ha fanoa ho Karaites le rehoa Calais, 'me hamorao a lebitso la eona ea ho qetela - Calais. Karaites li eketsehile sebaka Calais ke hoo e ka bang 2 linako tse loketseng adjoined lehlakoreng le ka bochabela la tsamaiso tshireletso, e leng ile ha thehoa ho khoebo kotara.

Ea boholo-holo leboteng, entsoe ka lejoe le leholo diboloko di sebopeho ya khutlonnetsepa le bonded ka seretse, e ne e le hona joale mahareng aroloa sehlabeng ka bochabela le ka bophirimela likarolo, e mong le e ba tse ka tšoare tshireletso ikemetseng. Kahoo ho ne ho lebitso le leng la qhobosheane - Dzhuft-Calais (mouoane kamoreng kapa matla habeli). Pele ho marako a citadel ho cheka tsekalalitsoeng ka har'a foro ka bophara, sitoang ho ithiba ho ho shapa basali lipheleu, ka mor'a hore a tšela ka footbridges.

Histori ho tloha ka nako ea ho busa le ka Serussia Empire

Nakong ea puso ea Peter ke oa mochana Anna Ivanovna lebotho la Russia a hapa 'me a timetsa Bakhchisaray Calais. Ka mor'a hore a hapa Crimea ho Russia Muso ka molao-taelo oa Empress lithibelo li ne li phahamisoa ho Krymchaks tsa bodulo le Karaites, ba bangata ba setseng marako a citadel, ho na le a lula a ho phela karolo e nyenyane feela ea Searmenia setjhaba le le Karaites, ba ne ba sa batle ho tlohela tsela e thehilwe oa bophelo.

Ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo baahi bohle o ile a tloha Calais ho phela ho na le e ne e le feela ka mohlokomeli lelapa. Moahi ea ho qetela ea citadel e, e tummeng Karaite Setsebi le mongoli oa ba bangata mesebetsi saense A. Firkovich, setse marako a oona ka 1874 bato.

Itšireletsa boleng qhobosheane

Hloko dintlha tsa Calais - itšireletsa. , Ho phaella ho marako a phahameng a e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane le foro ka bophara, ho na le e ne e sebelisoa e le tse seng kae ha a etsa liqeto tse ngata tactically bohlokoa. The tsela ea ho qhobosheane ho fetisa khopolo ea baitlami, ao ho 'ona ho na le mohloli oa metsi a nooang, toloki Mariyam Dere ka ho eketsehileng e hlaha steeply - ka mabitleng - ka boroa (nyenyane) pakane ea bona. liheke tsena ho ile ha hahoa e le sefi: ba ke ke ba bonoa e le nako e telele ha u ntse u atamela bona haufi-ufi. Ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe, pele ho ne ho e hekeng, 't. Ho. On marako oa heke ne eike lekhasi.

The tselaneng ho lehaheng motse oa Calais e ne e ka letsoapong moepa ya le khohlo e lilomo e le hore lira tsa ba ile ba tlameha ho hloa ho citadel ho, ile a retelehela ho le letona la hae, ka ho fetisisa ba tlokotsing, kwa thoko (lithebe etsoa ka letsohong la hae le letšehali le libetsa - ka ho le letona). Nakong ea moepa tlas'a ho hlasela lira tsa ka metsu, e li fang tsona ho tloha loopholes ho khethehileng a hlomelloa ka ho marakong tsa basireletsi qhobosheane. Ho shapa basali pheleu ho kokota heke ile hoo e ka bang ke ke ha khoneha: ka pel'a 'ona e ne e le letsoapong moepa, le tselaneng e bataletse' me ka ho toba ka pel'a wicket le entse ba retelehelang hlabang. Empa esita le haeba le sera sa ho le phunyeletse heke, ba emetse hore a ho na le leraba le leng: Storming masole Citadel ne ho Wade ka phasejeng e moqotetsane, ho khethehileng ngotsoe ka lefikeng. Ka Flooring lehong, o ile a lokisetsa ka holim'a phasejeng, ka lihlooho tsa bahlōli ba pula majoe, a tšela metsi a phehile, 'me ho ba fulang metsu, nanarela ka mahaheng, thunngoa ntle hlolohellwa ka.

Lehlakoreng le ka bochabela ea motse a sireletsa lerako le phahameng le foro ka pel'a eona, 'me e ka boroa, ka leboea le ka bophirimela mabota ha a hloka ho sireletsoa,' ke hore,. A. Plateau le lihlopha tsena e lahlela ka kotloloho fatše, ho fumana mona ka feela fumana climbers.

Architecture Calais

Calais - lehaheng motse, e photo photo photo photo la eo, ka bomalimabe, ke ke fetisa matla a eona a pele. Ho fihlela letsatsing joale ba ileng ba pholoha feela e seng mekae ea mahaheng le meaho Karaites, boholo ba mehaho e ke e le lithako.

Ka lehlakoreng le ka boroa ho e rarahaneng hantle a sireletsa ba mahaheng khale, morero o ka sehloohong oa leo - ka itšireletsa kapa ntoa. boholo ba mahaheng ba oele karolong khale ba motse, empa a sireletsa ba babeli moo polasing. Sena se seholo se entsoeng ke motho dibopeho tse ya kokangana ka lefika le betliloeng Lejoe boipelaetso litepising. Mohlomong, mahaheng ana li ne li sebelisoa e le chankaneng ka lebaka la batšoaruoa ba, e leng e ka tsoela mona bakeng sa dilemo tse (nkuwa le e thehilwe hodima mesaletsa ea mekoallo ka tlase ea lehaheng le lifensetere Sheremetiev lintlha, ea ileng a qeta hoo e ka bang 6 lilemo a le chankaneng Calais). Ka holimo mahaheng ana lekholong la bo17 la lilemo ho ile ha hahoa mohaho ona o sa bolulo.

Haufi le lehaheng bolokoa mohlala o motle oa mehaho ea lekholo la bo15 la lilemo - the Mausoleum Janicke Khanum, lebitso la eo litšōmo tse ngata. Ka mong oa bona, Janicke o ne a lula ntlong ea borena haufi le liahelo tsa sesole ho masole a 1000, tlas'a taelo ea masole a heroically sireletsa Calais, empa Hanim shoa nakong ea thibella eo. ntate oa hae Tokhtamysh Khan ba laeloa hore ba emise ho site ya lefu la hae octagonal Mausoleum, khabisitsoeng ka-portal ea phahameng le litšiea betliloeng. Ka bolibeng ba Mausoleum e ntse e tombstone lebitleng la ho moemphera tummeng.

Hantle a sireletsa le Karaite kenassas haufi Mausoleum ena. Tsena mohaho ona o likhutlo li 'nè, e lika-likelitsoe ke terraces bulehileng le litšiea le arches li ne li sebelisoa bakeng sa liboka tsa kakaretso, e neng e tšoaretsoe mona tšebeletso le laola makhotla baholo ba moea. Lilemong tsa bo-morao la bo19 mohahong o monyenyane kenassas a 'na a e-na le laebrari e pharaletseng ea ho fumanoe libuka tsa boholo-holo, bokella ka ho bo-rasaense ba A. S. Firkovichem.

Ka moqotetsane ka sehloohong seterata bolokoa ruts tloha mabili, botebo bona libakeng tse ling li fihla limithara tse 0.5, ba paka hore ka lilemo tse makholo-nako e telele le a sebetsang a bophelo hōlang hang mona.

Ho boetse ho na le thahasellisang ho etela ntlo leketlisitse fetang habohloko maikutlong ho qetela moahi ea Calais (A. S. Firkovicha). O ka lelera ka dibopeho itšireletsa karolong e ka bochabela la qhobosheane ea ka.

motse lehaheng la Calais: ulasan pelanggan

Bahahlauli ba ile ba etela motse oa qhobosheane, ke ka matla eletsa ho tsamaea ka mona le tataiso ea nang le phihlelo ba tla pheta pale ea sebaka sena se ikhethang, e tla bontša ka ho lona bohle e be khanya ka lehaheng motse Calais. Ha e bophahamong ba ka holimonyana ho 550 limithara tse ea liemahale ka ho phethahetseng a sireletsa ba mehleng ea khale, ho sheba seo, 'me u se ke ua lumela hore o kile a batho ba ne ba lula mona. Hangata, ho sheba mahaheng ana, batho ha ba lumele hore ba ne ba se nang baahi: kaofela "ba phelang" mehahong ka holimo fatše, 'me mahaheng ne e le karolo ea nako, kapa merero ea lelapa.

Seo ho bona ka mor'a moo?

Ho ea Calais - lehaheng motse, lifoto tsa e leng tla ba ka lilemo tse ngata ho ba hopotsa ya leeto lena le hlollang - tseleng morao e tla rekoa ka ketelo ea ho Mohalaleli Dormition Monastery, thehiloe a lekholo la bo8. O ka hokela ho letšoao la Dormition ea Mohalaleli Virgin, odara tsa tšebeletso, ho rapela kapa ho file le ho ngola lintlha. Ka ntlong ea baitlami e ho na le mohloli ka metsi monate ho noa.

Hape ba bonnete ba hore etela ntlong ea borena Khan ntle ka Bakhchisarai, thehiloe a lekholo la bo16 la lilemo. Sena se ntlong ea borena e ntle e tšoana le libaka tsa e ntle e ka bochabela gospel Tale. Ka ntlo ea borena o ka bona kamoo Khan a phela, ho etela le bonono musiamo le pontšo ea libetsa, fota khahlanong binoa ke Pushkin Seliba sa Meokho.

Calais - e mong oa tse seng kae ho pholoha le litoropong lehaheng ka Crimea le ho fetisisa o ile a etela har'a bona. Mahaheng le marako a qhobosheane ea, kenassas, ho Mausoleum le literateng tse patisaneng tsa motse hema histori le mehleng ea khale, qobella nahana ka morero le transience oa bophelo.