Lipids - ke eng? Lipids: mesebetsi, litšobotsi

Lipids - ke eng? Ka Segerike lentsoe "lipids" le bolela "likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa mafura." Li emela sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tsa lintho tse phelang tsa tlhaho, ho akarelletsa le mafura a ho toba, hammoho le lintho tse kang mafura. Ke karolo ea lisele tsohle tse phelang, ntle ho tse ling, 'me li arotsoe ka likarolo tse bonolo le tse rarahaneng. Ho hlophisoa ha lipilisi tse bonolo ho akarelletsa joala le mafura a mafura, 'me ho rarahane ho na le likarolo tse phahameng tsa limolek'hule. Ka bobeli li amana le likokoana-hloko tsa 'mele, li na le phello ho li-enzyme tse sebetsang, hape li kenya letsoho ho thehoa maikutlo a methapo e etsang hore mesifa e senyehe.

Mafura le hydrophobia

E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea lipids ke ho thehoa ha matla a' mele oa 'mele le ho fana ka metsi a letlalo a hloekileng a kopantsoeng le tšireletso ea ho qhoqha ha metsi. Lintho tse ling tse mafura tse se nang mafura a mafura li boetse li aroloa e le lipids, ka mohlala, sterols le terpenes. Lipids ha e khone ho susumetsoa ke tikoloho e nang le metsi a mangata, empa li qhibiliha hang-hang ka lihlahisoa tsa manyolo tse kang chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, tlhahiso ea liboka tsa machaba ka nako le nako mabapi le lintho tse ncha tse fumanoeng, ke taba e sa feleng ea lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso tsa saense. Potso e reng "Lipids - ke eng?" Le ka mohla u lahleheloa ke bohlokoa ba eona. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea saense ha e eme. Haufinyane tjena, ho na le tse ling tse ncha tsa mafura tse fumanoeng tse nang le kamano e ntle le lipids. Phapanyetsano ea metsoako ea li-organic e ka ba thata ka lebaka la ho tšoana le litšoaneleho tse ling, empa ka phapang e khōlō mefuteng e meng. Ka makhetlo a mangata sehlopha se ikemetseng se bōptjoa, ka mor'a moo setšoantšo se akaretsang sa ho sebelisana ho lumellanang ha lintho tse amanang le tsona ho tsosolosoa.

Cell Membrane

Lipids - ke eng e mabapi le morero? Pele ho tsohle, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea lisele tse phelang le lisele tsa likokoana-hloko. Boholo ba lits'ebetso tsa 'mele li etsahala ka ho kenngoa ha lipids, ho thehoa ha membrane ea lisele, ho sebelisana le ho arohana ha lipontšo sepakapakeng ha li etse ntle le mafura a mafura.

Lipids - ke eng, haeba e nkoa ka maikutlo a ho itlhahisa ha li-hormone tsa steroid, phosphoinositides le prostaglandin? Hona ke pele ho tsohle, boteng ba mali a mali a mangata a mafura a mangata, ao ka tlhaloso, e leng likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mehaho ea lipilisi. Ka lebaka la metsoako ea hydrophobic ea ho qetela, 'mele o tlameha ho hlahisa mekhoa e rarahaneng bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa bona. Li-lipids tse nang le mafura a mangata li fetisetsoa ho rarahaneng le albumins, 'me li-lipoprotein li kenngoa metsing li tsamaisoa ka tsela e tloaelehileng.

Kemiso ea lipids

Ho aroloa ha metsoako ea tlhaho ea tlhaho, ka sehlopha, ke mokhoa o amanang le mathata a mang a likhang. Lipids tse amanang le lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tsa moralo li ka hlalosoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang ho lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng. Lihlopha tse kholo tsa lipids li kenyelletsa metsoako e bonolo le e rarahaneng.

Tse bonolo ke tsena:

• Glycerides ke li-glycerol joala le mafura a mafura a sehlopha se phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
• Li-axide - ester ea mafura a mafura le li-2-atom joala.

Lipids tse rarahaneng:

• Phospholipid e kenyelletsa - ka ho kenngoa ha likaroloana tsa nitrogen, glycerophospholipids, ophitolipids.
• Li-glycolipids - tse karolong e ka ntle ea 'mele.
• Li-steroid ke lintho tse mafolofolo haholo liphathing tsa liphoofolo.
• Mafura a mangata - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, hydrocarbon.

Tshebetso

Mafura a li-lipid a sebetsa e le lisebelisoa tsa lisele tsa sele. Ba kenya letsoho ho tsamaisa lintho tse fapa-fapaneng tse pota-potileng 'mele. Lihlahisoa tsa mafura ka motheo oa mehaho e nang le molomo li thusa ho sireletsa 'mele ho tloha hypothermia. E-na le mosebetsi oa ho boloka matla "sebakeng sa polokelo."

Mabenkele a mafura a tsepamisitse mokokotlo oa lisele tse nang le marotholi. Liphoofolo tse nang le likokoana-hloko, ho akarelletsa le batho, li na le lisele tse ikhethang - adipocytes, e ka nang le mafura a mangata. Sebaka sa ho bokella mafura ka adipocyte ke ka lebaka la li-enzyme tsa lipid.

Likokoana-hloko mesebetsi

Mafura hase feela mohloli o matla oa matla, o boetse o na le thepa ea ho kenya mocheso, e khothalletsoang ke baeloji. Lipids ka nako e le nngwe li ka finyella mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa, e kang ho phophola ha tlhaho ea' mele kapa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho pata ha eona mocheso. Libakeng tse ka leboea, tse khetholloang ke mocheso oa liphoofolo, liphoofolo tsohle li bokella mafura, tse kenngoa ho pholletsa le 'mele ka tsela e ts'oanang,' me ka tsela eo li baka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tse sireletsang, ho etsa mosebetsi oa ho sireletsa mocheso. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse khōlō tsa leoatleng: maruarua, li-walruses, li-seal.

Liphoofolo tse phelang linaheng tse chesang le tsona li bokella mafura, empa ha li li abele ho pholletsa le 'mele, empa li tsepamisitse maikutlo libakeng tse ling. Ka mohlala, ka mafura a likamele a bokelloa ka humps, liphoofolo tsa lehoatata li na le mehatla e mokhutšoanyane. Tlhaho e shebile ka hloko ho beoa ha mafura le metsi libakeng tse phelang.

Sebopeho sa lipids

Tshebetso tsohle tse amanang le mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa sebōpeho li tlas'a melao e itseng. Phospholipids ke motheo oa likokoana-hloko tsa lisele tsa sele, 'me k'holeseterole e laola ho fetoha ha lisele tsena. Kahoo, lisele tse ngata tse phelang li pota-potiloe ke lisele tsa mali le lipati tse peli tsa lipids. Ts'ebetso ena e hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebetsi o tloaelehileng oa lisele tsa cellular. Nthong e 'ngoe e nyenyane ea likokoana-hloko e na le limolek'hule tse nang le molomo tse fetang milione, tse nang le litšobotsi tse peli: ke bobeli ba hydrophobic le hydrophilic. Ka molao, thepa ena e le 'ngoe e ikhethang ha e sebetse, mme ka hona morero oa bona o sebetsang o shebahala o utloahala. Lipids ka seleng ke mokhoa o atlehang oa ho laola tlhaho. Motsoako oa hydrophobic o atisa ho laola le ho sireletsa lera la sele ho tloha ho kenngoa ha ion e kotsi.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, k'holeseterole e boetse e khothaletsa ho se hlokomele ha sele. Lihlopha tse ling tsa lipilisi li na le lipids tse ling, sena ke sphingomyelin le sphingoglycolipid. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etsa mosebetsi o itseng.

Lipids ho lijo tsa batho

Triglycerides - mafura a ho se nke lehlakore, ke mohloli o matla oa matla. Li -acids acid li ruile nama le lihlahisoa tsa lebese. 'Me li-acids li mafura, empa li sa senyeha, li na le linate, soneblomo le oli ea mohloaare, lipeo le linonyana tsa poone. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore 'mele ha o phaelle k'holeseterole, ho khothalletsoa hore moeli oa letsatsi le letsatsi oa lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo o lekane ho karolo ea 10 lekholong.

Lipids le lik'habohaedreite

Liphoofolo tse ngata tsa liphoofolo li tsoa "ho pata" mafura linthong tse itseng, lisele tse nyenyane, likarolong tsa letlalo, libakeng tse ling. Ho tlosoa ha lipids tsa li-deposit tse joalo li lieha, kahoo ts'ebetsong ea phetoho ea tsona ka carbon dioxide le metsi li lumella ho fumana matla a mangata, hoo e ka bang habeli ho feta lik'habohaedreite. Ho phaella moo, thepa ea mafura ea hydrophobic e fokotsa bohlokoa ba ho sebelisa metsi a mangata ho susumelletsa hydration. Phetoho ea mafura karolong e matla ea matla e hlaha "e omme". Leha ho le joalo, mafura a lieha haholo ka ho lokolloa ha matla, 'me a loketse liphoofolo sebakeng sa hibernation. Lipids le lik'habohaedreite li bonahala li tlatsana ka mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa 'mele.