Lifofane La-7: tobileng, litšoantšo, lifoto

lifofane Union La-7 ileng ba bōptjoa ka OKB-21 (motse oa Gorky, hona joale Nizhny Novgorod -). O ile a etella ntshetsopele ya SA Lavochkin - e mong oa baqapi ba molemo ka ho fetisisa Soviet Union. sefofane sena e ne e le e mong oa ho bolela atlehang ka ho fetisisa ea ntoa lifofane nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. O ho kopantswe mesebetsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa moea bophahamo ba - maneuverability le libetsa.

Overview

LA-7 - sefofane, e leng e ka classified e le e monoplane (sa sesebediswa le para e 'ngoe ea mapheo). Ho na le e le 'ngoe-enjene, teng ka seqha, le setulo se le' ngoe - bakeng sa motsamaisi ea. pele ho eena lona - 5-baahisane sefofane, e boetse e ntshetswa ka 21 limithara Edo. The mochine oa pele oa lifofane le (by LA-120 khoutu) hlobola ka November 1943.

Qalong ea 1944, o atlehile ho fetile liteko sefofane le ho koahela libe bakeng sa mosebetsi ntoa. Ho ea qetellong ea ntoa ho tloha conveyor le theohela ho feta 5.700 baahisane La-7. Ho latela bakhanni ba bangata ba Soviet Union, sefofane sena e ne e le molemo ka ho fetisisa: ho ananela matjato lona, lebelo, ho tšepahala le ho firepower. Ka madiun ya jwalo ralitima phahameng sehlopha sa fumane tšepo ea hore tlhōlo holim'a Ace efe kapa efe ya Puso ea Bonazi.

Pale ea

LA-7 ke ka lebaka la ho iphetola ha lintho tsa theknoloji tsa letoto la lifofane tse 'maloa. Pele haholo hlaha ralitima LaGG-2 (ntshetswa pele ka 1939) le LaGG-3 (1940, th). popo eohle ea bona e ne e boetse e e-ba teng ka ho bayemi M. Gudkov le Gorbunov. The moloaneli ea bobeli e ne e le ba nang le bokhoni ba ho fofa ka lebelo la 600 km SE / h - lebelo Jeremane lifofane ka tlelaseng ea eona. Empa o ne o le boima: 600 lik'hilograma ho feta Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 le ho hloa setseng ho hongata ho lakatseha.

Ka 1942 ho ile ha latela LA-5 le enjene bobebe, hantle proven ka Ntoa ea Stalingrad. Lifofane e ncha e ne e phahametse ho "Messerschmitt", e ne e le hoo e ka ba babeli ba 20-millimeter sethunya caliber, 'me ba ne ba molemo ho feta ho "Sejeremane" le seletsa se le seng, eketswa le lithunya tse peli mochine.

Ka 1943, nakong ea ha Ntoa ea Kursk, naha e Air Force amohetse moloko o mocha oa bo-ralitima-- LA-5FN le dienjini uprated, bobebe le ho le bonolo ho laola. Esita le tsa morao-rao Sejeremane "Focke-Wulf-190" eo e ke ke ya mohlodisani sefofaneng Union. 'Me qetellong, qetellong ea 1943 e tsohile mohlala ntjha ho moea - LA-7. Holim 'a eona, ka ho ipapisa le moloaneli fetileng, ho ne ho ka sethunya boraro, hammoho le lifofane ka fihla lebelo la 680 ba km SE / H.

Design le tsusumetso e

Monna ea ileng a etella ho bōptjoa ha LA-7 - peong ea botona Alekseevich Lavochkin. O - khauta medalist, ka 1918-1920 o ile a sebeletsa ka Red Army le mabotho moeling. Ebe unlearn le tehuchilische Moscow e Phahameng (eo hona joale MSTU. Bauman), moo a ileng a fumana mosebetsi oa moenjiniere Aeromechanics. Taba ea sengoloa hae neng e amana le ho hōla ha bomber mata ena.

Ho sebetsa ho indasteri e aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon o ile a qala ho elella 20, e leng ea pele kaha o ne a lebelelitsoe tswa ho qapa sefofane bakeng sa likepe tsa USSR, 'me joale le e'o sebetsa ka baahisane le. Ka halofo ea bobeli ea 30s, ha e e-ba botsitso, 'muso oa Soviet Union o ile a etsa qeto ho lefa lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho ntshetsopele ya Air Force lefatšeng. Pele Lavochkin le sn Lyushin bōptjoa lifofane ll,-1, ba hlometseng ka lithunya dynamo rektivnymi. Hamorao ho ile ha fihla mochine I-301, e nang le moralo litšoantšo tse ikhethang. LA 7 itseng ea kolotang sona ponahalo ea boenjiniere le ketsahalo Dipeo Alekseevich lilemong tseo.

litšobotsi tsa

Lebelo le tekanyo ea ho hloa tsa lifofane La-7, ka molao-motheo, li ne li tšoana le tseo ba La-5FN. Fokotsa baahisane lebelo ne 680 ba km SE / H (ha fofang ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 6 tse sekete.), Limit boleng naheng - 597 km SE / H. Range LA-7 leeto e ne e le 635 dikhilomitha, bophahamo siling - 10 km le 750 m.

Hloa baahisane - limithara tse 1098 ka motsotso. Machine bolelele - 8,60 limithara, bophahamo - 2,54 limithara Empty boima -. 2605 lik'hilograma laela - 3265 lik'hilograma. Area ea lepheo baahisane - 17,5 sq. limithara Boholo sefofane se tloha boima -. 3400 lik'hilograma. Wingspan sefofaneng sa - 9,80 limithara LA-7 Engine -. 'Ngoe ea mefuta e meraro 82FN-DB, DB-83 molwantshi wa kapa 71. molamu The na le 1850 horsepower (e leng lekanang le a ho 1380 KW). E 'ngoe ea ho se tšoane le motheo pakeng tsa LA-7 ho tswa ho lifofane fetileng - bobebe moralo (ka lebaka la ho litho lehlakoreng tsa tšepe).

libetsa

The thepa ntoa sefofaneng La-7 ne, joalokaha ho le busa, tse peli tse 20-limilimithara Cannon mofuta ShVAK kapa lithunya tse tharo tsa mofuta o le mong oa B-20 caliber. Ba ile ba khona ho thibela ho thunngoa le otla le di-blades ba masokoana le, ka ho theha ba hydromechanical synchronizer. Liqhomane tsa sethunya sa ka kakaretso ShVAK ne garela 200 ka sebetsa. Hape mahlaahlela likhetla go tlaleletswa lihlomo tsa phunya incendiary mofuta (kgona ho phunya lihlomo ho 22 limilimithara le e leng sebaka sa 100 limithara), hammoho le fragmentation incendiary mofuta mahlaahlela. Tlas'a mapheo a sefofane se neng se ka ba sete libomo (ho fihlela ho lik'hilograma tse 100 ka e mong le e lepheo). Boholo ba tsona e ne e le likhetla mefuta Fab-50 le 100, ZAB-50, 100 (sapskripte bolela boima bomo - 50 kapa 100 lik'hilograma).

mefokolo

litsebi sesole o ile a bontša hore lifofane La-7 ho tswa ho nako le nako ho hana ho sebetsa hydraulics. E ne e se haholo tsitsitseng le enjene moloaneli. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore enjene moea intakes neng ba le mapheo a sefofane, ba ne ba ba kibiloe ka mobu thepa nakong sefofane se tloha' me lulisa. Ka hona, le enjene ka hana ho sebetsa. thepa ena e hlokomolohuoa litsebi ka liteko boemo: Ho amohela e ile ea etsahala nakong ea mariha, ha ho sa ne ho se na lerōle.

E a hlokomela hore enjene ka LA-5FN latola a fumanehe ka seoelo haholo ho feta ka LA-7. Oli batang teng tlasa fuselage sefofaneng, 'me ka lebaka la sena ezalaki na mwa ndako ka e ne e le e chesang haholo (ka bang 40 likhato mariha le 55 lehlabula). Bakhanni ba ba le nako e boima le ho feta e kentse 'nete ea hore cockpit oela likhase qeta monono tloha enjene,' me hangata o akhetse ka condensate khalase.

Bapisa le lihlahisoa tšoanang: Theory le Itloaetseng

LA-7 sefofane, e nang le litšoantšo ka libuka tse ngata tsa lifofane Union, e atisa ho nkoa e le moloaneli ka, phahametseng hōle counterparts bona Jeremane - FW-190 le "Messerschmitt-109". Leha ho le joalo, le bakhanni maphelong a bona o ile a re loana ntoa e khahlanong le lifofane Jeremane e ne e le thata haholo. Ka mohlala, etsa tsubelle, ho ea ka ba bang aces Union, "Majeremane" e ne e molemo haholo ho feta mochine ona. Ka hona, ho hlōla ntoeng ha ba lireng entse joaloka aerobatics, ne hangata feela bakhanni ho fetisisa nang le phihlelo ea Union Air Force.

Empa, botlhokwa go feta, ka LA-7 Maemong a joalo, ho fana ka molemo ka lebaka la ho sete e bohale ea lebelo. Kaha o ile a khona ho fumana haufi le Majeremane a ne a hlasela sera. Leha ho le joalo litsupa koba radius (tshekaletseng maneuverability) ka LA-7 lumella boledisano ya bophahamo ba fetang lifofane Sejeremane. Ena e ne e ka lebaka la ho ka tlaase Union baahisane lepheo play loading: ka 190 lik'hilograma / sq ya m. (Ha "Sejeremane" - fetang 200 lik'hilograma / sq.m.). Ka lebaka leo, LA-7 ile retelehela metsotsoana 3-4 ka potlako ho feta, ho etsa mohlala, "Focke-Wolf".

boiphihlelo ntoa

LA-7 - e 'se sefofane, e leng entse mision bona ntoa, IN Kozhedub - tsomo motsamaisi, Hero oa Soviet Union ka makhetlo a mararo. Loantša tsela eo a qala ka madiun tsa LA-5, e tlisitseng fatše dozen lifofane tse 'maloa. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub timetsoa 17 Jeremane ralitima, ka tlhōlo ho tlatsa mision lona ntoa nakong ntoa e haufi le Berlin.

Active ntoa tšebeliso ea lifofane li ile tsa qala ka June 1944. baahisane ena e bile tlotla e khethehileng ea Balebeli regiments tsa Soviet Air Force. Ka tsomo LA-7 buile sebele AI Pokryshkin - ke al, Hero oa Soviet Union ka makhetlo a mararo. Ho phetha mision ntoa ka sefofane sena, o ile a thunngoa fatše 17 Jeremane ralitima, ho akarelletsa le arabelang "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet motsamaisi o ile a bona LA-7 sampole babatsehang maneuverability, lebelo, sebetsa se matla: ke e nyalana tsohle ka ho phethahetseng ka u li ratang "moralo" Ace "lebelo, a tsamaise le mollo."

The sefofane ea mohale e

LA 7 Bo-rahistori ba tsa Great ho rata naha ka tloaelo amanang le lebitso la Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ba a recu 64 hlolang (ho na le e ne e ha e sa leha e le efe e 'ngoe Ace-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane). lintoa Account motsamaisi buloa March 1943 ka lifofane sesole La-5. Ka mor'a moo Kozhedub etsa mofuta ona wa la moloaneli sefofane 146 chanter le kokota 20 "Sejeremane". Ka May 1944, motsamaisi a susumelletseha hore a LA-5FN, e neng e bokella ka chelete eo, ho thahasellisang, e mong oa Stalingrad tikolohong eo sehoai. Ka sefofane sena, o ile a senya 7 diyuniti sera sa lifofane. Ka August Kozhedub Regiment ile ka isoa e ncha bakeng sa bo-ralitima-Union Air Force sefofane-7. Ka mofuta ona wa sefofane Ivan Nikititch o ile a loana ho fihlela qetellong ea World.

Nakong e 'ngoe ea mision ea ntoa LA 7 Kozhedub ileng oa thuloa, enjene ea hae stalled. Ikemisetse ho se inehele ho sera, Soviet Ace romeloa sefofane ho e 'ngoe ea lintho fatše. Empa ha baahisane ba qala ho swoop fatše, enjene ka tšohanyetso e sebelelitseng le Kozhedub, ho fallela LA-7 ho tswa ho tlhōrō ea, khutlela boema-fofane ka. Ho pholletsa le ntoa, Ivan Nikitich sefofane ka ntoa wa borumuwa makhetlo a 330, kenya letsoho lintoeng moea 120, e leng timetsoa ea 64 sera sa lifofane. O ne a fuoa likhau tse tharo "Gold Star".