Fofang e lifofane microcyteme: Tlhaloso le histori ea

Fofang e lifofane microcyteme - e le unit trust moea ea nang le bokhoni ho jara 'maloa tse nyenyane tse lifofane etselitsoeng ntoa moeeng.

Khopolo ea pōpo lona ho ile ha hlaha nakoana ka mor'a hore ho qala ho e haha le tshebetso ya zeppelins, ho feta tummeng 'mali e le blimps.

Bōpa e moeeng microcyteme ne ho nkoa tsepisa khoebo, ha e ntse e eketsa ho atleha ha ketso ea ntoa lifofane. Leha ho le joalo, le qaleha ea refuellers lifofane, mokhoa ona lahlehileng kamano lona, le hoja e ne e sa ka ho feletseng hleka ho tloha litlaleho tsa.

Ke eng e entseng ho hlaha ha e fofang lifofane microcyteme

Ho hlaha ha le disebediswa tse ncha, mekgwa ba kamehla tse amanang le ditlhoko tse itseng tsa sechaba. Joalokaha u tseba, mathoasong a lilemo tsa mashome a mabeli, le pele World Ntoa ea qhoma, e leng nakong eo lifofane sesole ho tloha mahlakoreng ka bobeli a ne a pele sebelisoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bokgoni ba tlaase haholo.

'Nete ea hore mathata nako le ka mabotho a lifofane ho e mengata e fapaneng e nyenyane haholo ea sefofane ka lebaka la palo e nyenyane ea mafura ka boto. Sena se ka matla haholo, lekanyetsang tšebeliso ea ntoa lifofane, ha ba ntse ba khona ho sebetsa feela ka libaka le tse tobileng. ka mor'a mela e leng eena sera e ne e le moo ho sa fihleloeng bakeng sa bona.

Ho hlokahala hore a ho ntlafatsa ho atleha ha lifofane sesole ntoa a tlameha ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho zeppelins - blimps le khetla tšepe. diyuniti moea tsena ne boholo ntle tsotehang le le monyetla oa ho tse fofang tse fetang a malelele. Sena se ile a etsa hore khopolo ea ho fallela lifofane ba sebelisa nako e telele-hole tebileng ka tšimo ea sera sa ho phetha literaeke moea ka liphofu mosolotogamaano. Kahoo ho na le e ne e le tse fofang lifofane microcyteme. Empa re lokela ho hlokomela hore e mong le naha e na le tsela ea eona e ho phethahala ha khopolo ena. Hase kamehla tsela ena ha fella ka ditharollo molemo.

USS airship. boiphihlelo pele

E bua haholo ka lekhetlo la pele ka ho bōptjoa ha e fofang lifofane microcyteme ne ho sebelisa ena e airships, tse sebelisoang haholo ka lintoa, ho fihlela qetellong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World.

lifofane e ne e nkoa e le loketseng ka ho fetisisa tlhahiso ea tse latelang: biplane e ile mounted ka boto zeppelin, 'me a fana ka libaka le ntoa.

Ka mor'a moo, sefofane se ile sa nkoa ka ho tsoa e khethehileng Crane le qhotsoa airship disengaged. All ena e ne e etsahalang ka feletseng microcyteme lebelo lifofane. Ho feta moo e neng e tšoaretsoe Solo sefofane biplane.

Ka mor'a hore ntoa wa borumuwa lifofane khutlela Zeppelin o tsoela pele ho matha ka libaka ea ntoa, ka lebelo le feletseng, ke khomarela mo Crane hook hula ka. Ho ekelletsa moo airborne lifofane microcyteme khutlela boema-fofane ka.

Qetellong ea 1918, e American blimp-1 sefofane sefofane, "Curtiss JN4", khomaretse tlas'a ntle gondola ea. Ka mor'a ho phahamisa le biplane o ne unhooked le nosi tsoela pele sefofane.

Ka US, hamorao a haha e 'meli khōlō ka ho fetisisa historing ea lifofane airship "Macon" le "Akron", e neng e-ba bolelele ba 239 limithara le ra khona ho e jara ho fihlela ho bo-ralitima-ba bane. Leha ho le joalo, lebaka la ho hloka phihlelo ea kaho ea mofuta ona e zeppelins bile le sephetho se mpe ka bokamoso ba bona: bobeli "aviamatki" soahlamana ka lebaka la ho moralo mafutsana.

Ho fetola mohopolo oa moea bajari

Experience ka tshebediso ya airship ka fofang lifofane microcyteme ile a bua ka inconsistency ya mokhoa ona. Haholo-holo la fokotseha-na le thahasello ho eena ka mor'a koluoa e kholo ka ho fetisisa zeppelin ea lefatše ho ea "Hindenburg". airship tlala hydrogen li chesa ka potlako, ho bolaea bapalami ba dozen tse fetang tse tharo 'me litho basebetsi.

Hape, e drawback e khōlō ea e jallang lifofane, ho airship ne kotsing lona ho lifofane lireng. Ponahalo ea lifofane sera sa ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa ho fumana lifofane microcyteme, "ka lekarecheng" le hydrogen, ho boleloa'ng ha ho thoe timetso ke keng ea qojoa.

Ka hona, ka Pele World Ntoa ea Brithani o ne a ile a leka ho bōpa e lifofane le likarolo tse ngata, ke hore, e lifofane nkile moloaneli. E le joalo le microcyteme British lifofane reretsoe ho sebelisa sekepe fofang, lokisa le moloaneli oa hae holimo.

khopolo ea e le hantle, e ne e le tse ntle, empa ho thata ho kenya tshebetsong. Ka lebaka leo, e fofang lifofane microcyteme ka sebōpeho sa lifofane le likarolo tse ngata 'me o ne ba sa bōpeloa ke bayemi British lifofane. Empa phihlelo e babang e-s'o khaotse tsoang linaheng tse ling Russia lifofane bahlahisi.

Khopolo ea lifofane VS Vahmistrova

Vladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - ileng a abeloa lengolo e Air Force Academy. Ka mor'a kabo ea mangolo o ile a sebetsa ka lifofane lipatlisiso le liteko theha. Ka hare ho marako a oona, 'me e hlaha taba ea ho sebedisa constructor ka "aviamatki" mafahla-enjene bomber mata TB-1, a bōpa ke tummeng moqapi Tupolev.

Vladimir Sergeyevich e filwe ho lokisa pedi baahisane mapheo TB-1 liloko khethehileng.

Tabeng ena, lifofane li ile tsa sebelisoa e le sireletsa lifofane sera sa bomber mata.

E boetse e rerile hore ka mor'a libomo tsa TB-1 mehaho ea oa bo-ralitima-sera 'me a khutlela boema-fofane le e mong le e le nosi.

Phethahatso ea ka maikutlo a Vahmistrova

Ka bohareng ba bo-1931 Union High Taelo ea amohelehang moralo VS Vahmistrova, ngangisana hore airborne lifofane microcyteme - ke sebetsa se tebileng.

Sehlopha sa bayemi mocha qala ho sebetsa e tlhokomelwa fela thata ka ho bōptjoa ha e nang le mapheo lifofane microcyteme, kapa ha e ntse e ile bitsoa kateng nakong eo, lifofane-boemong ba. Qetellong ea 1931 e fofang lifofane microcyteme Vahmistrova o ne a itokiselitse ho etsa liteko. Phetha fofa pele o ile a laela bakhanni ho fetisisa ba nang le phihlelo ba nakong eo, e leng Adama Zalewski (molaoli bomber mata basebetsi), Andrey Sharapov (copilot BT-1), Valery Tchkalov le Aleksandru Anisimovu (baahisane bakhanni, bomber mata mapheo ka diphuthelwana le).

"Liserekisi Vahmistrova"

Kahoo e bitsoang teko lifofane tsa pele Soviet lifofane microcyteme. 'nete ea hore lifofane ba atisa ho tsamaea le maemo a sa tloaelehang.

Ka mohlala, nakong ea sefofane pele, ho hloka tšebelisano bomber mata basesisi ba sekepe le moloaneli motsamaisi Chkalov e ne e bolela hore Zalewski bula baahisane pele lokisa liloko ha koaloa topallo ea cheisi lona. Feela boiphihlelo Chkalov e pholosoa tlokotsi.

Boemo bo tšoanang e hlahile ka V. Kokkinaki baahisane: ha a bula loko mohatla lulisa Gear. Mona boemo e bolokoa ke molaoli oa bomber mata Stefanovsky, etsa qeto ea ho lula fatše le litima ka mapheo. All qetella hantle.

bululela katleho

Pele teko lifofane li bontšitse hore tse fofang Union lifofane bajari tšoaneleha ho hōla ka ho eketsehileng.

Sebakeng sa bomber mata le TB-1 o matla ho TB-3 ileng ba bōptjoa, e ne e ka ba e lifofane microcyteme bakeng sa lesole se secha Polikarpov I-5. Ka nako e tšoanang le monyetla oa ho eketsa palo ea bo-ralitima-nkehang habobebe ho fihlela ho tse tharo - mapheo a mabeli 'me e mong ka fuselage ena.

leka Vahmistrova e ne e entsoe ho boloka ho bo-ralitima-tlas'a mapheo a TB-3, empa e ile ea fela ka ho shoeloa ke baahisane motsamaisi. Sesosa sa kotsi a boela a sebeletsa e le lifofane notlelea ikamahanya ka "aviamatke" e ke ka le bulela moeeng, empa ka boithatelo tsosa ha Landing.

Ka 1935, Soviet Union e fofang lifofane microcyteme ne a khona ho tsamaisa bahlabani tse fetang tse hlano, le leng la 'ona (I-Z) e ile amanang le "aviamatkoy" moeeng.

Ka 1938, e fofang lifofane microcyteme, ile ba amohela ke Red Army.

Ka ho fetisisa tummeng bajari moea

Eo tsejoa fofang bajari lifofane tse hlano, e leng se tlohetse moneketsela le historing ea lifofane - Union TB-1, Tupolev Tu-95N, American lifofane Convair B-36 bōpang khotso, Boeing B-29 Superfortress le airship "Akron".

Union TB-1 ke ea lefatše ho ea pele seriale-tšepe monoplane bomber ne e sebelisoa e le lebone lifofane microcyteme. Kolobetso ea mollo lifofane microcyteme amohetse la 26 July, 1941, ha ka thuso ea baahisane-bombers, qetellong "a" polokelo oli Jeremane ka Constanta.

The "fofang lifofane microcyteme" Homeland Vahmistrova ha lebaloa. Ka 1955, Soviet Union e ile a qala mosebetsi oa ka ho bōptjoa ha tsamaiso mosolotogamaano makala, ho akarelletsa le PC le supersonic bomber mata lifofane microcyteme Tu-95N.

Ho ile ba nahana hore ho PC tla mokhoa o sa fellang teng ka thepa tšoara e microcyteme lifofane. tsamaiso ea o ne a lokela ho etsa bonnete ba ho hlōloa ha maikemisetso a sa kenang ka ketso tsa libaka tshireletso sera sa moea 'me a khutlele ho boema-fofane.

American Convair B-36 bōpang khotso ho ne ho akarelletsa ho bōpa tsamaiso koahela sekoahelo bombers boima, leo a fana bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa ho fihlela ho tse 'nè khanya mofuta McDonnell XF-85 Goblin ralitima.

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha ho emisa seketsoana seemelong sa baahisane B-36 porojeke e ne e ile hlakotsoe ka 1949. Ho phaella moo, US Air Force nkoa simulators ba bohata-shebiloeng hlahiswa bomber mata ka ketsahalo ea ho hlasela sera sa lifofane, molemo ho feta ho ntoa baahisane sekoahelo.

Boeing B-29, ho sebetsa 40s, ha feela bakeng sa ho beha bo-ralitima-peli. Leha ho le joalo, ho sotha e matla ea lipheletsong tsa mapheo li entse hore ho bile le koluoa, ka mo porojekeng B-29 o ne a koetsoe, 'me ya kgopolo ya ho e nkoa e le kotsi.

American airship USS Akron 30s e le e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa zeppelin lefatshe. O ile a khona ho tsamaisa ho fihlela ho tse hlano khanya lifofane bao wa borumuwa ne reconnaissance.

Fofang lifofane bajari ba nakong e tlang

American le Soviet fofang lifofane bajari, tlhahlobo le ea eona e fanoeng ka holimo, ka lehlohonolo, e e-s'o ile a beha mohlala oa ho sebelisa ha bona ntoa, ntle le bakeng sa tshebetso e ho timetsa libaka tsa oli polokelo ka Constanta nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World.

Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ea ho tse fofang lifofane microcyteme ntse laola likelello tsa bayemi.

Ka mohlala, nako e telele rera The Defense Research Jobs USA (DARPA) e qala lenaneo la ho "Gremlins" ka tsoelo-pele ea likoloi unmanned teleskopbomlift, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho nka theoha ho tloha ho microcyteme lifofane, 'me ba khutlele ho lehlakoreng la hae.