Ho lokolloa ha Europe ho tloha fascism. bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha tshebetso European

Tlile ka 1933 le mokha oa hae oa ho busa Jeremane, Adolf Hitler a hana Selekane sa Versailles lithibelo, tsosolositsoeng conscription, ka potlako malala boima tlhahiso ea libetsa le dulang ba mabotho a hlometseng. Ka nako e tšoanang le naha ea bōpileng e matla repressive tsamaiso ea ipelaetsa ho hatelloang ba khotsofalle le malala mashano a sa exclusiveness ea sechaba ea Jeremane, e fanang ka phahameng ka ho fetisisa Aryan morabe le hore ho hlokahala hore kgatello ya le lichaba tse ling le ba merabe e tla litloholo tsa Siegfried. baahi Jeremane le re tlatsa maikutlo a hore litleneng le ntshetsopeleng ya moruo ya masimong a batho ba bang o tla fa ba hlokahala sebaka se phelang le matlotlo bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea Jeremane le ntlafatso ka potlako bophelong ba e mong le Sejeremane.

Bōpa lintho tse bonahalang le likhopolo motheo bakeng sa mabifi, Hitler futuhela lefatšeng le lecha la ntoa, ho hapa hoo e ka bang kaofela ha Europe, ntle ea linaha sathelaete lona, a entse selekane le linaheng tse sa nke lehlakore (Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, kutloelo-bohloko le Manazi, ho Vatican). O ne a tšoarehile, 'me halofo ea karolo e European ea USSR. Majeremane a ile a potlakela ho Caucasus, Bochabela bo Hare le ho feta, ho India.

Leha ho le joalo a entse selekane, le monehelo ea makhaola-khang ea USSR ponosshego tahlehelo khōlō ka ho fetisisa, ba ne ba khona ho tla nehelana ka leqhubu la ntoa le finyeletse tlhōlo e khōlō, ho ea bo70 sehopotso sa tse sa tsoa ba keteka lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho lokolloa ha Europe e ne e le ka ho sa pele Selekane ho tloha ka bochabela le bophirimela, le tšehetso ea baahi ba, ka linako tse ling linaheng tsena,-ba khahlanong le Bofasista mabotho a 'me ba ntlafatsa boemo ba eona busa elites na tokoloho ea bona. Leha ho le joalo, ea bobeli e ne e entsoe khoneha tlas'a tšusumetso ea khopisang le atlehileng. ea-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane. Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane ea liketsahalo tse ba potolohileng ho lokolloa ha Europe, e akaretsa tlase.

Ea ntoa Linaheng tsa Bophirimela pele ho qalang tsa Front Second

Mehleng ea October 1942, mabotho a Brithani ea Marshal Montgomery ka Ntoa ea El Alamein hlōla Italo-Sejeremane khomo pele ka Cairo le Suez Canal. Ka lehlakoreng le leng la Afrika Leboea (Algeria le Morocco) lula masole a Amerika General Eisenhower, mopresidente bokamoso ba USA. Phehella ka mahlakoreng a mabeli tsa masole Setaliana le Jeremane, ba entseng selekane le mohlape hore ba Tunisia, moo leoatle petelitsoe mabotho a selekane ba ile ba qobelloa hore ba inehele. ketsahalo ena e hlahile ka 1943, leqepheng la 13 May.

Tlhōlo ena e ile a lumella Anglo-American mabothong a hlometseng ka July 1943 ho etsa lulisa ka Sicily. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Sicily aa ka a khaotsa, le lihlopha tsa masole a ka-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane a tsoela pele a hlasela Italy, tšela Kou ea Messina le lula ka ho toba ka Apennine hloahloa. Sena se bakoa le bothata ba fascism Setaliana, 'me ho felisoa ha moeta-pele oa Blackshirts koala Duce Mussolini tloha posts by tsohle, lateloa ke a tšoaroa. 'Muso o mocha oa Italy phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela Jeremane, empa e ka leboea le e bohareng libakeng tse ling tsa naha tlile tlas'a Mosebetsi Sejeremane.

Litokisetso bakeng sa se qalang tsa pele tse ncha ho loantša Jeremane, lintho tse bonahalang tšehetso ea Great Britain le Soviet Union ho ea bohōleng bo itseng itšetlehile ka boemo ba ho Atlantic. Sejeremane "Phiri pakete" ea submarines, lifofane, 'me likepe tse holim torpedo-raiders tshehetswa ke likepe tse khōlō khanna ka ntoa e sehlōhō ho senya Atlantic convoys entseng selekane le tseleng ho rarolla bothata ba ho metsing deblokady Jeremane. Empa mabotho a matla tsa lifofane le US le UK likepe ka 1943 lumelloa ho bua ka mathoasong tlang. Ho joalo, ka 1942, ho Selekane mabotho a sesole sa metsing 'me lifofane tsa bona timetsoa submarines makholo a mabeli Doenitz Admiral. Majeremane a hoo e batlang e khaotsa ho litlhaselo tse ka convoys le tsongoa bakeng sa likepe le 'ngoe kapa stragglers otbivshimisya le ba bang kaofela.

E le qalo ea ho lokolloa ha Europe masole a Soviet Union 'me a entse selekane le sona ka Bochabela Front

By 1944, ba ile ba siea ntoa ea makhaola-khang, eo e ile ea e juncture mahlonoko tseo ho leng ka tsela ea batho ba habo rona le ho lefatše ho atleha e khōlō. Ka January matsatsi a ea selemo penultimate ea ntoa ba ile ba qala letoto la mosolotogamaano tshebetso khopisa, e leng ile sa etsa hore ho lokolloa tse feletseng tsa Jeremane-hapa naha ea Soviet Union le fihlella ho ea moeling oa naha. Qalong tšoareloa wa mabaka a sesole a tshebetso arohaneng tsa tekanyo e ka pele e ne e le hamorao ka and analysis e, hlophisitsoe ka tsela e utloahalang ka ho phutuho ena e akaretsang ea 1944. Ha e le hantle, ka 1944, e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa, ho lokolloa ha Europe ke masole a Soviet Union li di ne tsa kopanngwa ka tšebetso e 'ngoe. E le hore ho fana ka momahana 'me comprehensiveness setshwantsho tsa liketsahalo tsa selemo eo ka Bochabela Front, ho ke ke le thuso ho hlahisa ya data bohle ka tafole:

Leshome lichapo 1944

№№ ka nn	tshebetso	nako	akarelletsa litloaelano	Phello e fihlellwa
Pele	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1,03	shebaneng: Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic, Fleet: The Baltic	Ho hlōloa ha mabotho a sehlopha "North", e feletseng ea Leningrad deblokady, ho lokolloa ha Region Leningrad
2nd	Dnieper-Carpathian	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	shebaneng: 1st, 2nd, 3rd le 4th Seukraine	Ho lokolloa ha Tokelo-Banka Ukraine
3rd	Odessa ------------------ Crimean	1944	3rd Seukraine Front ------------------ 4th Seukraine Front Black Sea likepe	Ho lokolloa ha Odessa le Crimea, ea mabotho a Bofasista u lahleloe ka leoatleng
4th	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Summer)	shebaneng: Leningrad, Karelian	ho lokolloa ha Karelia
5th	"Sebelisa Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	shebaneng: 1st, 2nd le 3rd Belarus, 1st Baltic	Ho lokolloa ha Belarus, boholo ba Poland le fihlella ho Vistula le karolong e khōlō ea Lithuania, ho fihlela ho meeli ea Jeremane
ea bobeli	Lvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	shebaneng: The 1st le 4th Seukraine	Ho lokolloa ha Bophirimela Ukraine, tšela ea Vistula, sebopeho sa Sandomierz bridgehead
bo7	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Romania	Phato ------------ 30,08 - 3,10	shebaneng: 2nd le 3rd Seukraine ----------------- 2nd Seukraine	Ho lokolloa ha Moldova, Ea qetello ea ntoa, Romania, Romania tsebiso ea ntoa khahlanong le Jeremane le Hungary, ho bula tsela ea ho Hungary, qetellong ea ntoa, Bulgaria phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela Jeremane, ho ntlafatsa maemo a bakeng sa thuso ho lingangele Yugoslav
bo8	Baltic	14,09 - 24,11	shebaneng: 1st, 2nd le 3rd Baltic likepe tsa: Baltic	Ho lokolloa ha Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia A khaotsa ho tsuba ho tloha ntoa ka Finland le tsebiso ea ntoa ea eona Jeremane
9th	bochabela Carpathian ------------------ Belgrade	8,09 - 28,10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20,10	shebaneng: The 1st le 4th Seukraine ---------------- Union, Yugoslav, likarolo SeSlovak le komponeng	Ho lokolloa ha Yugoslavia le thuso ho SeSlovak merusu khahlanong le Wehrmacht
bo10	Petsamo-Kirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 Mphalane	shebaneng: Karelian	Mokhelo Jeremane boka ba linotši ka leboea Finland le Norway

tshebetso sesole Europe (Center le Afrika-Bochabela)

Kena Musong oa USSR le pele ho eketsehileng tsa masole tse tšimong ea linaheng tse ling e ne e le lebaka la ho tlaleho ea 'muso oa Soviet Union. tokomane ea o ile a hlokomela bohlokoa ba ea ho hlōloa ho qetela tsa Jeremane Bofasista mabothong a hlometseng le tiiso ea hore Soviet Union e se na litokisetso tsa ho fetola tsamaiso ea lipolotiki ea linaha tsena le tlōlo ea botšepehi ba bona paballo ya naha.

Leha ho le joalo, Soviet Union e pepenene tshehetswa mabotho a hae ba tšepahalang, haholo-holo Makomonisi le entseng selekane le bona haufi-ufi. Ka lebaleng la boithabiso lipolotiki boeta-pele ba Soviet Union ba ne ba batla ho tswa ho mebuso ea Great Britain le United States ba hlokomela lithahasello tsa bona ka likarolo tse kholo tsa Europe. Khōlo ea botumo ba Soviet Union 'me Stalin, ho ba teng ha Red Army masimong tsona qobelloa Churchill le Roosevelt ho hlokomela Linaheng tsa Balkan (ho sa ballwe Greece) boemong Union ea se nang matla. Ka Poland, Soviet Union e entsoeng ho bōptjoa 'muso tšepahala ho Moscow, ho fapana le emigre Muso Poland London.

Europe lokolloa ke masole a Soviet Union e ile ea etsahala tšebelisano e haufi le motsamao o likhukhuni le mabotho a hlometseng tsa linaheng tse ling. Lebotho la Poland, ho Yugoslav lebotho la tlasa boetapele ba Iosifa Broz Tito, ea Czechoslovak botseta Ludwig Svoboda, majela-SeSlovak o neng o kopanela ka mafolofolo ho loanela ho lokolloa ha Europe Bochabela.

Ka 1944, 23 August, ho ba marena le Romania ho na le e ne e le 'muso o phethotsoe d'etat khahlanong le semelo sa ho o teng-ba khahlanong le Bofasista momori le sephara botlaaseng theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki - ho tloha makomonisi ho monarchists. Ka lebaka la ketsahalo ena, Romania le eena e ile-ba khahlanong le Bofasista, a bolela ntoa ka Jeremane le Hungary.

La 31 August, ho Bucharest kena lihlopha tsa masole a ka Red Army, 'me e entsoe ka likarolo tse ikopanya Seromania. Ena e ne e le lebaka la ho khau ea Seromania King Mihai Union Order tsa Tlhōlo, ha Romania le karolo e mabifi ea Manazi khahlanong le Soviet Union. Ka ho khetheha, ba mabotho a Romania a hapa Odessa le ingloriously ho ntoa ka Stalingrad.

Bulgaria, ho ba motsoalle oa Reich hana ho romela masole ho pele ka bochabela, e leng Morena Boris (Jeremane bochaba) ho Hitler o ile a re Bulgarians ke ke loantše Russia, lokolla ba ho tswa ho joko Ottoman. Bulgaria ha esita le phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela, USSR, ba ile ba kopana e le karolo ea sebaka sa eona e le masole malala pele mesebetsi Red Army lifolakha le mokete 'mino. Ka mor'a hore 'muso o phethotsoe ea la 9 September ho matla a ka hare ho naha a tla ho' muso oa Makomonisi, phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela Jeremane.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, Finland e boetse e hulwa ntoa. Ka letsatsi la September 19, 1944 'muso lona saena armistice le Soviet Union ka maemo a hlomphehang ka ho feletseng.

The SeSlovak ea sechaba merusu le hlometseng

Sena ke ka ho fetisisa bahale leqepheng la ntoa ea sechaba SeSlovak na le sebaka khethehileng historing ea ho lokolloa ha Europe.

Slovakia pele ntoeng, 'me ka nako e telele ka mor'a hore ntoa e ne e le karolo ea Czechoslovakia. Hitler a hapa le boipuso Czech Republic, Slovakia molao fuoa ha e le hantle, ba le fetole sathelaete e. SeSlovak karolo romeloa ho pele ka bochabela, empa ka lebaka la unreliability bona (Maslav setjhabneg le Serussia, Ukrainians, Belarusians Slovaks tsosa le boikutlo ba kutloelo-bohloko bakeng sa batho bohle ba Soviet Union), ba ile ba ba ho feta ka tloaelo ho sebelisoa ka mor'a Majeremane ka lebaka la tšireletso ea puisano le ho loantša likhukhuni le. Empa sena se ile sa etsa hore ho fetoha e mengata Slovaks ka palo ea lingangele Union. Ka naha ea Slovakia ho ntshetsa pele le ho shirilos likhukhuni sisinyehang.

Qetellong ea chesang a hlaphohetsoe likelellong tsa sebele le tsa tšoantšetso tsa Lehlabuleng la 1944 e ile ea qhoma tummeng Phato SeSlovak-ba khahlanong le Bofasista merusu. Ho thusa batho ba insurgent fallela mabotho a eme e le karolo ea 1st Seukraine Front. Har'a bona e ne e le 1st Czechoslovak Army botseta. komponeng ena ileng a laeloa ke General Ludvik Svoboda, ba ileng ba fetoha ka 1968 e neng e le mopresidente oa Czechoslovakia. La 6 October, ka lebaka la ntoa e thata ka Carpathian Mountains (the Dukla Pass) e loantša liberators kena naheng ea Slovakia. Leha ho le joalo, ka sehlōhō le ho ikutloa ke tlalellane ntoa eo e ile ea nka ho fihlela qetellong ea October, ha aa ka a lebisa ka ho toba ho sepheo - o ile a hlōleha ho masole a Soviet Union ho hlōla Carpathians le amahanya le marabele ao. A karolo e khōlō ea baahi ba ntlhobolisa le likhukhuni o ile a ea lithaba, 'me ho tsoela pele ntoa e ke ho kopanela ho lokolloa butle-butle likarolo naha ea pele Red Army. Ka lehlakoreng la Soviet Union, ba ne ba thusoa bobeli batho le matsoho le liqhomane. Phetiso ea lifofane etsoa.

Loantša ka Hungary, Austria le sethaleng pele tsa ntoa tsa East Prussia

Sea utloahala kapa che tatelano ya loana le di ile sa etsa hore ha e le hantle e tebile hakaalo feela motsoalle Hitler sebakeng ka October 1944 o ile a lula Hungary, le hoja a ile a leka ntle ho katleho ho ikhula ntoa. 'Musi oa Horthy o ile a tšoaroa ke Majeremane le Hungarians ile a tlameha ho loana ho fihlela qetellong. lintoa ba bohale bo tšosang tsa Budapest aa ka a lumella masole a Soviet Union ho nka e ka ho leka pele. Feela lekhetlo la boraro ho ile ha finyelloa atleha, le February 13, 1945 motse-moholo Sehungary oela. Nakong e tšoanang ka February qetella ho hlōloa tsa Budapest khomo tsa masole Sejeremane.

Ka April, ho ne ho ntoa lake balaton, ha mabotho a Bofasista futuhela majela-ba bohale bo tšosang khahlanong le Red Army, empa diyuniti tsa Soviet Union 'me ba khona ho thibela le ho hlōla sera. Joale, ka April, masole a Soviet Union a lokolloa Vienna, motse-moholo oa Austria, 'me hapa Konigsberg Bochabela Prussia.

Yang East Prussia e ne e le ho itšireletsa libaka tiileng ka botebo le liqhobosheane tsoarellang mehaho matlafatsoa konkreite. Pele mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng oa ho itšireletsa maano a bakeng sa e mong le e motse e ne e akarelletsa ho ba teng ha e atamela selao ho metsana. Tshireletso ya ho tswa ho mabotho a atamela ne e mengata ea liqhobosheane, liforo, pillboxes, bunkers, merafo le terata e hlabang. Meaho ka hare ho motse le eena e ile diyuniti tshireletso le tsamaiso multilayer mollo.

Le mabotho a 'leha ho le joalo khopisa bao e leng ea shebaneng pedi Belorussian (2nd le 3rd) o ile a qala ka bohareng ba January, e ncha, 1945. Ka hare ho likhoeli tse tharo tsa masole Union siloa khomo ena ea Wehrmacht le SS diyuniti. Ka nako e tšoanang ba masole Red Army, ho tloha privates ho balaoli, a utloa bohloko lahleheloa e boima. E mong oa bona e ne e le oa April 18 shoeloa ke sekhechana sa sera shell Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo, molaoli oa 3rd Belorussian Front.

Empa hore e be e le ho ka, e tla, sebete le heroism, tšehetsoa ke tšoaneleha khobokana libetsa mollo (ka ntoa tsa East Prussia 5 sekete. Likotoana tsa libetsa e ile ea sebelisoa, ho akarelletsa le howitzers caliber 203-limilimithara le 305-limilimithara karolo ea RGC) le lifofane tšehetso, ba lebisa ho inehela tsa sebakeng sa motse-moholo oa Jeremane, e leng motse-qhobosheane ea Konigsberg. Storming ya noutu bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mosolotogamaano Defense Jeremane ea Bonazi e ile ea tšoareloa ho tloha 7 ho 9 April 1945. Ba likete tse mashome a masole a Jeremane ba ile ba bolaoa 'me ba ka bang 100 tse sekete. Ne haptjoa.

Warsaw merusu

Ha a bua ka maqephe a thabisang le tse bohloko ka ho lokolloa mahlo-mafubelu ea Europe, e sa ntse e etsa hore tsekong ea fapaneng litšoantšo tsa lipolotiki le tsa sechaba, bo-rasaense, bo-rahistori le babuelli ba mefuta e sa tšoaneng le calibers. Ho joalo, re tla tsepamisa maikutlo bofetoheli boo ha boa ba hlometseng ka 1944 motse-moholo Poland tlasa boetapele ba London muso emigre.

Lilemong tsa mosebetsi oa fascist, Poland e ile ea lahleheloa ke baahi ba limilione tse 6 ho tsoa ho batho ba limilione tse 35. Puso ea mosebetsi e ne e le matla, sena se ile sa lebisa tlhokomelong le ts'ebetsong ea mabotho a Poland Resistance. Empa li ne li le mahetleng. Kahoo, masole a maholo a Craiova a neng a sebetsa naheng ena a ne a le tlaase ho 'muso oa Poland oa Poland o neng o lelekiloe naheng. Ka mor'a ho kena sesoleng sa Soviet Poland, ho ile ha thehoa 'muso oa bo-communist-Komiti ea Sechaba ea Libetsa. Tlas'a boeta-pele ba hae, mekhoa e hlometseng ea Lebotho la Ludovaya e ile ea loana. Mokhoa oa ho ea Warsaw oa Lebotho le Lefubelu ka lihlopha tsa Lebotho la Ludovoi o ne o tla etsa hore komiti ena e be le matla ho pholletsa le Poland. E le ho thibela sena, mmuso oa emigre London le lihlopha tsa Lebotho la Craiova li ile tsa etsa qeto ea ho lopolla Warsaw ka bobona le ho hlahisa ho tsosoa ho hlometseng ka ntle ho litokisetso tse hlokolosi le tse telele. E etsahetse ka la 1 August. Baahi ba bangata ba motse-moholo oa Poland ba ile ba kopanela ho eona. Empa boeta-pele ba Soviet ba nyatsa ka ho feteletseng ketso ena, ba re ke ntho e ntle. Ho ea ka bahlahlobisisi ba bang, Soviet Union e hanne ho tšehetsa marabele ka libetsa le lithunya, ho latela ba bang, lebotho la Lefubelu le Lefubelu le ne le sa khone ho fana ka ts'ehetso e hlokehang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lintlha tse peli: ka la 13 September, lihlopha tsa Soviet li ile tsa fihla leboteng la Vistula haufi le Warsaw, 'me lefu la masole a karolong ea ho qetela ea bofetoheli le etsahetse ka ho ba teng ha bona. Ntho e 'ngoe ke hore matsatsing a ho qetela a bofetoheli, thuso ea mabotho a Warsaw ka lehlakoreng la mabotho a Soviet, ka taelo ea Stalin, e ne e fetoleloa leha ho le joalo, le hoja motsotso oo ha aa ka a etsa qeto.

Kaha ho ne ho bolailoe masole a likete tse 18 le baahi ba nang le khotso ba 200 000 ba Warsaw, baeta-pele ba bofetoheli ba ile ba hapa ka la 2 October, 1944. Mabotho a Jeremane a ile a qala ho senya motse oo e le kotlo, baahi ba bangata ba oona ba ile ba tlameha ho baleha.

Ho lokolloa ka ho feletseng Poland

Mathoasong a 1945, USSR e ne e e-na le bokhoni bo fetisisang ba litekanyetso holim'a sera, se fetang halofo palo ea masole, ka makhetlo a mararo palo ea libanka le lithunya tse itšireletsang, ka makhetlo a mane palo ea lithunya tsa lithunya (lithunya le matlo), makhetlo a robeli palo ea lifofane. Ho khetholla hoa lokela ho hlokomela hore karolong e ka Bochabela ho ne ho e-na le mabotho, lihlopha le lilekane tse nang le palo ea batho ba halofo ea milione. Ka matla a holimo moeeng, mabotho a Soviet a ne a e-na le monyetla oa ho khetha tataiso le nako ea litlhaselo tsa bona tse ka sehloohong, ho tsamaisa mesebetsi e nyonyehang ka nako e le 'ngoe likarolong tse fapa-fapaneng le likarolong tsa bona. E ne e ka lumelloa ho loana, ho otla lira moo le moo, moo e neng e le bonolo ebile e le molemo.

Tlhaselo e tloaelehileng e ne e lokiselitsoe ka la 20 Pulano. Ntoa ena e ne e ameha lebothong lohle le sebetsang.

Empa, joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe sehloohong sena, karolong e ka Bophirimela, ka December 1944, masole a Hitler a Ardennes a hlasela mekhatlo ea Manyesemane le Maamerika ka tšohanyetso eaba o ba lahlela lik'hilomithara tse 100 morao. Maamerika a lahlehetsoe ke batho ba ka bang likete tse 40. Churchill ka boeena o ile a ipiletsa ho Stalin bakeng sa thuso, kōpo ena e ile ea fumana karabo e ntle. Ntho e nyonyehang ea maeto a Soviet, ho sa tsotellehe litokisetso tse sa phethoang, e qalile ka la 12 January 1945 'me e bile ntoa e matla ka ho fetisisa ntoeng eohle. E ile ea nka matsatsi a 23. Ka la 3 February, likarolo tsa Lebotho le Lefubelu le ntseng le tsoela pele li ne li fihlile lebōpong la Oder - ka mor'a eona li behile naha ea Jeremane, eo Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ileng ea oela lefatšeng ka eona. Ka la 17 January, lihlopha tsa Soviet li ile tsa kena Warsaw.

Tsamaiso ea Vistula-Oder e entsoeng ke taelo ea Soviet e phethile mokhoa oa ho lopolla Poland le ho boloka masole a lilekane tsa Bophirimela ho hlōloa ha Ardennes, e entse maemo a ho sisinyeha ha Berlin le qetellong ea ntoa Europe.

Ho lokoloha ha Czechoslovakia

Lintoa tsa makhaola-khang bakeng sa naha ena, ho ba le maemo a maholo Europe, ho tloha ka bohareng ba April 1945. Bratislava, motse-moholo oa Slovakia, e ile ea lokolloa pejana, ka la 4 April. 'Me mabotho a mashome a mararo a Soviet a ile a nka setsi se seholo sa indasteri ea Moravsk Ostrava.

Ka la 5 Motšehare, baahi ba Prague ba ile ba hlasela ho hlaseloa ka mabotho khahlanong le ba lulang teng. Ba-Hitler ba ile ba leka ho emisa ts'oaetso ena maling, ha baa ka ba emisoa esita le ka ketso ea ho inehela e saennoe ke taelo ea Jeremane ea 8.05.1945.

Prajans a marabele a ile a bua le basebetsi ba Allies ho seea-le-moea ka kōpo ea thuso. Taelo ea Soviet e ile ea arabela pitso ena, ea siea mabotho a mabeli a hlometseng a ntoa ea 3rd Ukrainian Front ha a leba Prague. Ka mor'a leeto la lik'hilomithara tse makholo a mahlano, mabotho ana a ile a kena Prague matsatsi a mararo hamorao, ka la 9 May. Masole a mang a moeli oa 1, oa 2 le oa 4 oa Ukraine o ile a ikopanya le ho khotsofatsa sena, ka lebaka leo Czechoslovakia e ileng ea lokolloa ka ho feletseng mosebetsing oa fascist. Ho lokolloa ha batho ba Europe ho tloha fascism ho ile ha phethoa.

Ea pele ka pele

Ka la 6 July, ka mor'a litokisetso tse khōlō Bophirimela, mabotho a mabeli a li-allied a ile a qala ho hlasela - ts'ebetso e khōlō ea ho falla ho feta Overlord. Mabotho a Manyesemane le Maamerika a nang le likarolo tsa liofisi tsa mahala tsa Fora, Poland, tsa Czechoslovak tse ka bang limilione tse 2 000 tse likete tse 876, ka tšehetso e kholo ea likepe le lifofane li ile tsa fihla karolong e ka Leboea ea Fora, Normandy. Kahoo, qetellong, nako e telele e letetsoeng ea Second Front e ile ea buloa. Ka morao ho Majeremane, lihlopha tsa liphallelo le mabotho a sepakapakeng a Khahlanong le linaha tsa Europe tse neng li tšoaretsoe li sebetsa. Ho ne ho reretsoe ho thunngoa haholo pelong ea Jeremane. Roosevelt o ne a lumela hore Berlin e lokela ho nkoa ke Maamerika.

Nakong e nyonyehang ea Mabotho a Selekane, ho ile ha e-ba le bofetoheli ba libetsa Fora, Belgium le Denmark. Bafora le ba Belgium ba ile ba lokolla lihlooho tsa bona, ka thuso ea mebuso ea li-Allies, ba finyella tokoloho ea linaha tsa bona. BaDanes ba ne ba le mahlomoleng - ha baa ka ba fumana thuso, mme tsoho ea bona e ne e hatelloa ke bahlaseli.

Liqeto tsa lipolotiki le tsa moralo oa li-Allies

Ka lebaka la liqhoebeshano tse ke keng tsa qojoa le ho tsoteha le ho tebileng ha Soviet ka 1944 le mathoasong a 1945, ho ile ha hlaka hore ntoa e felile kapele 'me tlhōlo ea ho qetela ea lebotho la Jeremane e ne e ke ke ea qojoa. Ke nako ea hore Lilekane tse ling li lumellane likarolong tsohle tsa ho qetela tse nyonyehang Jeremane le ho buisana ka mathata a tsamaiso ea lefats'e ka mor'a ntoa. Boikarabelo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba USSR le ho amoheloa ke bohle ba selekane ba eona monehelo oa bohlokoa oa ho hlōloa ha mohatelli ba lumelletse Soviet Union hore e amohele tlhahiso ea Seboka sa Lihlooho tsa Mebuso ea linaha tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tse kenang kopanong e khahlanong le Hitler Yalta.

Pakeng tsa la 4 le la 11 February, JV Stalin, FD Roosevelt le W. Churchill ba ile ba kopana Kopanong ea Yalta, e ileng ea fetoha tšebelisano e kholo pakeng tsa matla a hanyetsang Hitler. Baeta-pele ba Bophirimela ba ile ba hlokomela bokhoni ba USSR ba le mong ho phetha mesebetsi ea ho hlōla Europe. Mohlomong boemo bona bo lumelletse ho fihlela tumellano litabeng tsohle.

Morero oa sesole, litaba tsa ho sebelisana le meeli ea libaka tsa mosebetsi li rarolitsoe. Phatlalatso e kholo ea lipolotiking - mabapi le bokamoso ba Jeremane - e ile ea rarolloa ka kutloisiso ea hore naha ena e tla lula e sa bonahaleng, e busoang ke demokrasi, e senyehileng, e sa khone ho emela bokamoso ba batho bohle nakong e tlang.

Potsong ea Poland, matla a ile a boela a fihlela tumellano. Poland e buletsoe tsela ea ntlafatso e ikemetseng e sa lefelloeng meeling e hlokang leeme.

Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho theha Machaba a Kopaneng e le ho finyella kutloisiso, ho lumellana le ho thibela pefo pakeng tsa linaha lefats'e ka mor'a ntoa.

'Me, qetellong, bakeng sa bofelo bo potlakileng ba ntoa le ho tlosoa ha cheseho ea mabotho a sesole Bochabela bo Hōle, melaetsa ea ho kena ha USSR ntoeng ea Allied khahlanong le Japane e ile ea lumellana.

Ntoa ea Berlin le Qetello ea Ntoa

Mantaha oa 16 e bile tšimoloho ea ts'ebetso ea Berlin. Ka lebaka la lintoa tse peli tsa ntoa tse tšolotsoeng mali ka mathōkong a Berlin (Seelow Heights) le motseng oo ka boeona, moo seterateng se seng le se seng le ntlo ea motse-moholo e mong le e mong e ileng ea fetoha qhobosheane, masole a Masole a Lefubelu a ile a khona ho nka mohaho oa fascist - Reichstag le ho emisa banner e khubelu ka holimo.

Qetellong, bosiung ba la 8-9 May, Karlhorst, motse -moholo oa motse-moholo oa Jeremane, mahlakoreng 'ohle a saena ketso ka ho inehela ka mabotho a Jeremane.

Empa ho sena esita le tokoloho ea Europe ho fascism ha ea fela. Ka la 9 May, kaha li se li nkiloe Berlin, masole a tsoang lihlopha tsa pele tsa Ukraine, a thusa Prague ea marabele, a ea motseng oa Czechoslovak, a ba a hlōla sehlopha sa fascist. Hoa hlokomeleha hore ka boiteko bo se nang litholoana ho boloka qetello ea hae e ke keng ea qojoa, ho ne ho e-na le likarolo tsa seo ho thoeng ke sona. Lebotho la moeki oa Vlasov, kapa ROA, le ile la ea lehlakoreng la ba-Prau.

'Me ho na le ntlha e' ngoe hape. A momahane nakong ea likotsi tse tloaelehileng, batho le linaha li ile tsa qala butle-butle ho tloha ka mor'a ntoa. Boiteko bo bongata ba ho nahanisisa ka liphello tsa ntoa ha bo emise ho fihlela joale. Esita le Letsatsi la Victory le ketekoa ka matsatsi a fapaneng. Linaha tse ngata li nka hore ke letsatsi la phomolo ka la 8 May, le USSR, hona joale Russia, ho hopola lintoa tse tšabehang tsa Prague tsa 1945, e leng Letsatsi la Ntoa ka la 9 May. Ka bomalimabe, ho na le mokhoa o leeme oa ho romela meloko e mecha ea pale ea kamoo ho lokolloa ha linaha tsa Europe ho fascism ho neng ho etsahala kateng.

Qetello

Ho lokolloa ha Europe ho fascism ho ile ha khoneha ka lebaka la matla a maholo a Soviet Union le balekane ba eona, ntoa ea mabotho a ho hanyetsa libakeng tse nang le ba fascists. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefats'e e ne e sa fela, leha ho le joalo, pele Japane e hlōtsoe, empa tlhōlo e ka sehloohong e ne e se e hlōtse. Mochine oa sesole o matla ka ho fetisisa oa Jeremane o ile oa robeha 'me oa hlōloa.

Empa bonngoe ba linaha tse loantšang fascism li ke ke tsa hlokomeloa nakong ea ntoa. Joalokaha nakong e tlang lefats'e lohle, Europe e arotsoe likampong tse peli, Bophirimela le Bochabela, capitalist le socialist. Ha e le nako e telele Jeremane ka boeona e arotsoe. Tsamaiso ea lefatše ea bo-socialism e bōpiloe, e seng e fetohile haholo, empa e ntse e le teng.

Ho lokolloa ha Europe, Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše e ne e le tšollo ea mali haholo. Ho lahleheloa ke batho Europe ka ntoa ea ho qetela ea lefats'e ho hakanyetsoa ho batho ba limilione tse 40, bao baahi ba limilione tse peli ba Europe Bophirimela le baahi ba limilione tse 7 ba Jeremane. Batho ba setseng ba limilione tse 30 ke tahlehelo ea batho ba Europe Bochabela le USSR.

Empa leha ho le joalo phello e ka sehloohong ke ho lokoloha ha batho ho tloha meketeng ea fascist. Nakong ea hona joale, batho ba tobane le mosebetsi o potlakileng oa ho thibela phetetso ea lefu lena le sootho le ho hopola phihlelo ea ho kopanya mekhoa e mengata ea lipolotiking le ea lipolotiki ka nako e telele ka pel'a tsoso ea bokhukhuni le ho timetsoa ha setso le tsoelo-pele. Ho lokolloa ha Europe, 1945 ho tla ba nako e telele lintho tsa saense, tsa sesole, tsa lipolotiki, tsa histori le tsa boitšoaro. Bohlokoa ba phihlelo ea sephihlelo sa mehleng ea rona e kholo ho feta leha e le neng pele!