Bochabela Prussia: histori le bokoli. Map, meeli, liqhobosheane le metse, setso sa East Prussia

Kgutlela morao ho elella Bohareng naha, teng pakeng tsa linōka Neman le Vistula, a lebitso la eona East Prussia. Ho pholletsa le teng, matla a ho tsamaea ka linako tse sa tšoaneng. Lekhetlong lena e le oa Order, le duchy Prussian, 'me joale' muso, 'me profinse hammoho le naha ea poso-ntoa, ho fihlela ho renaming tsa kabobotjha pakeng tsa Poland le Soviet Union.

Histori ea ketsahalo e sa thepa

Ho tloha ha ho buuoa pele linaheng Prussian e bile lilemo tse makholo ho feta leshome. Qalong, batho ba phelang ka libaka tsena, arotsoe ka malapa abo bona (meloko) ba neng ba arohane meeli tloaelehileng.

The expanses le leholo la estates Prussian koaheloa ke leng teng hona joale sebakeng se Kaliningrad, e le karolo ea Poland le Lithuania. Tsena e ne e akarelletsa samba 'me Skalov, Warmia le pogesanians, pomesanians le Kulmskaya natangians naha le Bart, Galindo le Sassen, Skalov le nadruvians, Mazovia le likepe.

le maruo a mangata

Linaheng tse Prussian pholletsa le teng, kamehla tlas'a boiteko ba ho hlōla ka lehlakoreng la ka baahelani ba matla le ho ba mabifi. Ho joalo, lilemong tsa bo-bolesomepedi ka ba ruileng le ba memela libaka tse sabaletseng ho ile ha latela Teutonic Knights - masole a bolumeli. Ba ile ba haha liqhobosheane tse ngata le chateaux, mohlala Kulm, Reden, Thorne.

Leha ho le joalo, ka 1410 mora e tummeng Battle of Grunwald Prussia ea e-ba phetoho e boreleli matsohong a ba Poland le Lithuania.

Tse supileng Years 'Ntoa ea lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robeli fokolisoa matla a lebotho la Prussian le ile sa etsa hore' nete ea hore ba bang ba linaheng tsa bochabela ba ile ba hlōloa ke Serussia 'Muso.

Ntoeng lilemong tsa bo-mashome a mabeli hape ha o ile a sireletsa linaha tsena. Ho tloha ka 1914, East Prussia ho ne ho akarelletsa ho Pele World Ntoa, 'me ka 1944 - the Second World Ntoa.

'Me ka mor'a tlhōlo ea mabotho a Union ka 1945, ho ka kakaretso khaotsa ho ba teng' me o ne a fetoleloa sebakeng Kaliningrad.

Teng pakeng tsa lintoa

Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa, a utloa bohloko ba tahlehelo e khōlō ea East Prussia. Map of 1939 se ne phetoho e itseng, le ho ntjhafatsa profinseng eo e ne e le boemong bo sisimosang. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ho ke ke sebaka feela Jeremane, eo ananelang lintoa ea le loanelang.

The saeneng ea ho Selekane sa Versailles lefile haholo bakeng sa East Prussia. bafenyi ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho fokotsa sebaka sa eona. Ka lebaka leo, ho tloha ka bo-1920 ho 1923 motseng oa Memel le sebakeng Memel ile ea e-Selekane sa Lichaba ho laola ka thuso ea mabotho a Fora. Empa ka mor'a hore January merusu ka 1923 boemo bo fetohile. Le se ka 1924 naha ena e le sebakeng ikemetseng a fetoha karolo ea Lithuania.

Ho phaella moo, East Prussia, 'me ba lahleheloa e mong tšimong ea Zoldan (Dzialdowo motse).

Ka palo yohle, ho 'nile ha hakolla ka 315 likete hectars naha. 'Me sena ke se tšimong ea monyenyane. Ka lebaka la liphetoho tsena ba lule ba profinseng eo e ne e le ka quandary e, a tsamaea le mathata a maholo a moruo.

maemo a moruo le a lipolotiki ka 20s le 30s.

Ka twenties pele ho nako, ka mor'a hore aa tlwaelegileng oa likamano tsa mebuso pakeng tsa Soviet Union le Jeremane, tekanyetso ea ho phela ka ho East Prussia butle-butle o ile a qala ho ntlafatsa. lifofane Moscow-Königsberg ho ile ha buloa, tsoela pele ka bochabela ea Jeremane ka toka, a qala ho sebetsa Kenigsbergsskaya-le-moea ea litoropo.

Leha ho le joalo, le mathata a moruo oa lefatše lohle ha a sireletsa linaha tsena boholo-holo. Me ka lilemo tse hlano (1929-1933 GG.) Feela ka Königsberg ho ne ho futsaneha le makholo a mahlano lesometharo lik'hamphani fapaneng, 'me ka tekanyo hloka mosebetsi ea nyolohela ho batho ba likete tse lekholo. Maemong a joalo, a sebelisa tsitsang le sa tsitsang boemo ba 'muso jwale, ea Manazi Party o busa ka matsoho a bona.

redivision ea tšimo e

The limmapa tsa East Prussia ho fihlela 1945 etsa palo e khōlō ea phetoho. E tšoanang etsahetseng ka 1939, ka mor'a hore mosebetsi oa Poland ke lihlopha tsa masole a Jeremane ea Bonazi. Ka lebaka leo, ba ho bopa dikgaolo e ncha ea linaha Poland le Klaipeda (Memel) sebakeng sa Lithuania ile ha thehoa ka profinseng eo. Motse o sa Elbing, Marienburg le Marienwerder fetoha karolo ea setereke e ntjha ya West Prussia.

Manazi a ile a ba a qala merero rata maemo a bakeng sa redivision tsa Europe. Le 'mapa oa Bochabela Prussia, ka maikutlo a bona, ba ne ba fetohile e le setsi sa sebakeng seo a moruo pakeng tsa Baltic le maoatle Black, ho kamohelo ka libaka tsa Soviet Union. Leha ho le joalo, merero tsena ka e sa phethahale.

The poso-ntoa nako

Ka ho fihla ha masole a Soviet Union Bochabela Prussia hape butle-butle fetoha. Theha ofisi ea sesole commandant, e leng se ka April 1945, ho ne ho se e mashome a mararo a metso e tšeletseng. maikemisetso a bona e ne ho pheta baahi Jeremane, inventory le phetoho ea butle-butle bophelong sechaba.

Lilemong tseo, ka tšimo eo eohle ea East Prussia pata likete balaoli ba Jeremane le masole a etsa lihlopha amehang senya le ketola. Feela ka April 1945, ofisi ea commandant sesole o hapa ho feta likete tse tharo fascists hlometseng.

Leha ho le joalo, naheng ea Königsberg le sebakeng seo e potolohileng ke lehae la baahi ba le bonolo le le Sejeremane. Ho ne ho batho ba ka bang 140 tse sekete.

Ka 1946 motseng oa Königsberg e ile ea rehoa Kaliningrad, ho fellang ka ho ile ha thehoa le sebakeng Kaliningrad. Le nakong e tlang e fetohile mabitso le metsana ea tse ling. Mabapi le liphetoho tsena e se e redone le 'mapa o teng pele 1945 East Prussia.

Bochabela Prussian linaheng kajeno

Matsatsing ana, tšimo ea pele ea sebakeng Kaliningrad ke Prussians. Bochabela Prussia khaotsa ho ba teng ka 1945. 'Me le hoja ba sebakeng se e le karolo ea Federation ea Russia, ba sebopeho sa naha arohane. Ho phaella ho bohareng wa taolo - Kaliningrad (ho fihlela ho 1946 jereng lebitso la Königsberg), le metse e hantle ntshetswa pele tse kang Bagrationovsk, Baltic, Gvardeisk, Amber, Sovetsk, Chernyakhovsk, Krasnoznamensk, Neman, Ozersk, Primorsk, Svetlogorsk. sebaka seo se entsoe ka literekeng tse supileng tsa litoropo, metse e 'meli le literekeng leshome le metso. lichaba Main phelang tšimong ena - e Russia, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Armenians le Majeremane.

Ho fihlela joale, sebakeng Kaliningrad palo pele ka tlhahiso ea 'mala o mosehla, ea bolokelang ba sefubeng lona a etsang liphesente tse ling mashome a robong ba mehloli lona lefatše.

Attractions morao-rao East Prussia

'Me le hoja kajeno' mapa oa Bochabela Prussia fetohile ka nģ'ane ho ho amohela, le naha teng ka metse e bona le metsaneng 'me hona joale ho hopola nako e fetileng. Moea oa naheng nyamela le leholo le le ntse a ikutloa ka Kaliningrad sebakeng kajeno metseng e meholo, e leng e ne e le mabitso a Tapiau le Taplaken, Tilsit le Insterburg, Ragnit le Waldau.

bahahlauli ba maeto ratoang khanna ka stud polasing "Georgenburg". Ho e-ba teng ka ho mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo sometharo. Georgenburg qhobosheane e ne e sebaka bakeng sa Knights Jeremane le masole a bolumeli a hore na sesosa ke'ng ka sehloohong ho ikatisa Pere.

Ho fihlela joale, kereke e ile ea e hantle a sireletsa, e hahiloeng lekholong la ea leshome le metso e mene (metseng e kileng Hayligenvalde le Arnau), hammoho le kereke ea lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e ts'eletseng ka naheng ea toropo e kileng Tapiau. mehaho ena hlomphehang lula a hopotsa batho ba ea linako tse khale ea Teutonic Order tsa nala.

qhobosheaneng Knight o

naha ea linako tse thata ka ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo mehloli morui, 'mala o mosehla khahloa bahlaseli Sejeremane. Lekholong la sometharo likhosana Poland, hammoho le Teutonic Knights butle-butle tšoara thepa le ileng la ahoa bocha ba liqhobosheane tse ngata. O hlola ka ho sa ba bang ba bona, ho ba le liemahale meralo le, 'me kajeno ho etsa sa lebaleheng ka ba mehleng ea hae. Palo e khōlō ea liqhobosheane mehleng e bohareng li ile tsa haha ka lilemo tse makholo ea leshome le metso e mene le metso e mehlano. sebaka dibopeho tsa bona li ne li mo hapa Prussian Valenod-letsopa qhobosheane. Ha haha liqhobosheane hakaalo a 'na a ea ka neano ka mokhoa leqhama Gothic mehaho ea morao Mehleng e Bohareng. Ho phaella moo, ho na le mehaho eohle e lumellane le leano la 'ngoe ea kaho bona. Kajeno ba boholo-holo qhobosheaneng Insterburg bula e sa tloaelehang a bulehileng a musiamo.

Har'a baahi le baeti ba sebakeng Kaliningrad ke e ratoa haholo ke palo motse. Ke e ikhethang lebatowa musiamo le ea boholo-holo cellars Waldau Castle. Ka mor'a ho etela ho eona, re ka kholiseho re ka re hore ka pel'a mahlo a hae fiela histori eohle ea East Prussia, ho tloha mehleng ea Prussians ea boholo-holo le ho ipolaea ho mehla ea bajaki ba Soviet Union.