Histori ea Vyborg: motheo, libaka tsa histori, tsa lipolotiki le tsa bohlokwa sesole

Tse seng kae ka hare ho naha leha e le efe lefatšeng e na le metse e joalo tse ngata tse thahasellisang, ka bobeli Russia. Sehlooho sa tlhahlobo rona - histori ea Vyborg. Motse ona ke ka nepo motlotlo ka fetang tse makholo a mararo beha dintho e ikhethang ea bohlokoa ea setso le histori.

sebakeng seo ke tsa bohlokoa mosolotogamaano

Vyborg botlaaseng qalile ho tloha selemo 1293. Bo-rahistori ba ba atisa ho palo ena e hanyetsoa, ho tloha naheng ea Vyborg morao-rao e se e le lilemo tsa bo bolesometee, e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke meloko Maslav le Karelian. Haeba u lumela ho matsatsi, ho Swedes khaotse hlasela linaha tsa baahelani ba bona. Ba ne ba batla ho ea e rua lihlekehlekeng tsa Vyborg sehlopha sa lihlekehleke tsa merero ea mosolotogamaano sesole - Vyborg sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ke sebaka loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa likepe tsa ntoa. Ka mafika ho bonolo ho pata esita le likepe tse khōlō haholo. Ho phaella moo, tse ngata tsa sehlopha sa lihlekehleke le straits tebileng, hase kamehla ho lekaneng bakeng sa ho tsamaya - loketseng tsa tlhaho sefi bakeng sa bahlaseli.

Methati e khōlō ea histori ea Vyborg

histori Vyborg ka aroloa mehato supileng:

• Mokhahlelo oa pele - pele Seswedishe tlhaselo. Ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba tšimong ena 'me baahi ba eona e bua ka tse lekholo tse IX. E tummeng Rahistori Russia Tatishchev mangolong a hae ho builoeng itseng Ioakimovskaya Chronicle, e aniwa a li a ile a bolela hore qhobosheane ea Vyborg e thehiloe ke Elder Novgorod Gostomysl. E mong oa bara ba hae o ne a e mong ea bitsoang ho etsa khetho - ka hona lebitso la qhobosheane ea.
• Mokhahlelo oa bobeli - the Seswedishe nako. Ka nako ea hae - ho tloha 1293 ho fihlela 1710, ha e ne e kenyelletsoa ka Serussia Muso.
• Mokhahlelo oa boraro - e le karolo ea Russia 'Muso.
• Mokhahlelo oa bone - Sefinnishe.
• Mokhahlelo oa bohlano - ntoa lilemo 1940-1944.
• Mokhahlelo oa botšelela - ka USSR
• Bosupa sethaleng - ea kajeno, ke hore, ho tloha ka 1991, ho nako e le teng.

mothehi oa motse

Ka 1293, Sweden Marshal le morena oa Regent Torkel Knutsson ile a isoa hang, joale hlōla, tsamaea ka naha Karelian le Novgorod. Ka e 'ngoe ea lihlekehleke tsena, o ile a theha e fortification ea sesole, eo ho thoeng ke qhobosheane e Halalelang. Ke kamoo ka phetolelo tswa lentsoe Seswedishe utloahala "Vyborg". 1293 e nkoa e le selemo sa tsoalo ea Vyborg. E Thehiloe ho sena, re ka itšetleha ka palo ea lilemo tsa Vyborg, 'me hoo e ka bang makholo a robeli bona.

Tataisoang sepheo phutholohile ea Lintoa tsa Bolumeli, Marshall rerile ho phatlalatsa beng ba Sweden le libakeng tse hōle. O ne a ena le litalenta e fetang e tloaelehileng, e seng feela le litaba tsa sesole empa hape lipolotiking. E le moemeli oa e mong oa latela litekanyetso tse nepahetseng 'me a ruileng malapa a Sweden, Torkel Knutsson e neng e le' musi ho e qalang ea moriti o ka ea kulang King Magnus Ke Ladulose, 'me ka nako eo, ka mor'a hore ho kamohelo teroneng ea ka reng letho Birger Magnusson o ile a khetheloa Regent. Nakoana pele ho lefu la ntate oa hae, ho pota 1290, lilemo tse leshome tse tsa Birger Magnusson beha Knutsson Phahameng Molaoli oa Sweden.

Mathoasong a lekholo tlang ka nkoa e le hore letsatsi le likele ka a biography tsa courtier ena. Lilemong tse pakeng tsa 1302-1303 Birger Magnusson le barab'abo e ile ea qhoma phehisano fetang tokelo ea ho latellana. Torkel Knutsson ile ka setsokotsane sa merero ea bolotsana, empa lekhetlong lena boemo ba hae e ne e le ba fokolang haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho se lumellane le Mopapa Boniface VIII. ha e le hantle hore morena Regent, nang le tlhoko e khōlō ea ho bolela ho busa naha, o ile a leka ho inkela litokelo tsa polokelo ea matlotlo a kereke. Ka lebaka leo, o ne a ile a re sera sa tumelo le a naha le phatlalatsa khaoloe lihlooho.

Ya memori ea mothehi oa motse kwadiwa ka sefika boronse, hlomamisa ka pel'a mohaho oa Old Town Hall.

Crusader qhobosheaneng

Sa hohela ba motse - Vyborg Castle. Le pontšo ea Vyborg e thehiloe ka 1293 moeta-pele oa ntoa ea bolumeli Torkel Knutsson. Ha lero ka nako e tšoanang, sebakeng sena le litho tsa principality tsa Novgorod, 'me ba ne ba lula ho eona Karelia. Seswedishe Marshal, kaha ba ile ba hapa motse oa Vyborg, Novgorod thibetsoeng khoebong feela tsela ho Europe le beha merero ea hae bakeng sa ho feta hōle naha naha ea Slavs.

Qhobosheaneng ke mohlala o motle oa Bophirimela European mehaho ea boholo-holo ea sesole. Le se emelang ka Castle Island, eo pele e neng e tsejoang e le likhomo. karolo lona ka leboea e tlaase 'me a ke a loketse bakeng sa merero ea temo,' me ka bochabela ke leralla majoe. Ho na le ha hahoa e matla leboteng botenya hoo e ka bang 2 limithara tse. E bohareng ba sehlekehleke sena a haha tora. Kwa tlase o na le sekoere le sefapano se karolo. The moholohali mane mitha marako a sa boloke tshepahalo sireletsa hare-hare ho tora tswa likanonong. Ka nako eo ho e ne e le mohaho oa molelelehadi ka Scandinavia. E ile ea rehelloa tora ea St. Olav ho tlotla Morena oa Norway, ba kolobetsoa linaheng Scandinavian.

Ka bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XV, 'musisi oa Sweden King Karl Knutsson Bunde feletseng ennobled sekoting sa chankana tse ka hare sebaka, ho arola e ka likamore bakeng sa merero e fapa-fapaneng, chivalry le liholo mekete, entse stoves tiled. Mabalane hedged karolo naha leboteng le lejoe holimo katoa. Ramparts o ile a phaella itebela hore lisekoere litora le hahoa ka lebaleng la Paradeise Tower. Sena tora potoloha o boetse o nkoa e le letšoao la Vyborg 'me hangata ho bontšitsoe ka diposkarete le maikutlo ba motse' me souvenirs. Ka 'musisi naha haha qhobosheane leboteng le litora itšireletsa, ka tsela eo ho retelehela Vyborg Castle qhobosheane ea ka morao e ka lerako le habeli.

Ka 1556, sehlekehleke se maqiti bohlokoa, o ile a etela Sweden ba morena oa Gustav Vaz. Hape, liphetoho tse khōlō undergone Vyborg Castle. Vyborg qhobosheane fetola silhouette: tora ka sehloohong eketsa tse peli ho fihlela ka lilemo tse supileng o mekato octagonal tšiea le loopholes. Sohlokehileng hare ile nkeloa sebaka ke se secha, e theko e boima 'me exquisitely ntle,' me ka lebaleng la qhobosheane ea eketsa tiileng meaho moo polasing.

Boholo ba mehaho e ne li entsoe ka lehong. Ba ba atisa ho chesoa, 'me lilemong tsa bo-XVI, mehaho e ne tlosoa,' me sebakeng sa tsona sa emisoa lejoe. Lebaleng la qhobosheane le cheka matangoana a 'maloa' me seliba. Hammoho ka leboea-bophirimela leboteng ka ka ntle ho liahelo tsa sesole tsa lejoe haha. Ba bang ba matlo a boholo-holo, se hlahileng ka nako eo, a ntse a le teng.

Vyborg Castle lula atameleha ho fihlela 1710.

Vyborg ka Serussia Empire

Ka mor'a ho hlōloa ho Ntoa ea Northern le ho oa ha qhobosheane ea Oreshek St. Petersburg tlile tlas'a tšokelo ea lefu la ka ho toba ke Swedes. Ho qala ka la 1706 Peter ke ile ka etsa boiteko ba 'maloa ho fumana Swedes ho mo fa e le habohlokoa hakaale bakeng sa sehlekehlekeng Russia, empa kaofela ba ile ba hlōleha. Feela ea bobeli, qala ka 1710, a tlisa tlhōlo ho morena. June 23 Garrison Seswedishe saenele kofuto ea inehela.

Baahi ba ea moo e se o ile a ikutloa tlhekefetso efe kapa efe ke bahlaseli Serussia. Ha ba hasa molao oa serfdom. Linaheng Orthodox, ba bolokile lehae la bona, tumelo ea Lutere. Ho feta moo, motse oo o tsoela pele ho phela ka khale bona, ke hore, Sweden, melao. Le ho fihla ha khoebo ea Serussia motseng tsosolosoa, likhoebo efe kapa efe liindasteri, palo ea libakeng tse sa bolulo, metsana, ntlafatsa le liqhobosheane tsa khale. Ka tsela eo, e mong oa mayors e ne e le Abrame Petrovich Hannibal, ntate-moholo oa seroki A. S. Pushkina.

Ho tloha mathōkong a lekgotla le etsang Seswedishe toropong ea Vyborg e ile ea e profensing ea ruileng ea Russia. Esita le ponahalo ea motse 'me mehaho lona e fetoloa haholo. Ho ne ho etsoa ka diprotsekeng tsa bona, batho ba bangata ba hlaheletseng Litsebi, ho akarelletsa le Eduard Ivanovich Totleben le Yuhon Jakobo Arenberg.

Ho tloha bohareng ba XIX lekholong la lilemo la ka Vyborg ne lebelo ka potlako haholo ea indasteri. Thomello ile a rala Saimaa Canal, motse gasified, ka nako eo ile a tla mathoasong a motlakase, phepelo ea metsi e bohareng le e telephony. From 1856 ho 1912 Vyborg ne ho Lane unprecedentedly ntshetsopeleng ka potlako moruong. Lilemong tse tharo ho ea ho haha e le sa terene le bolelele ba tse fetang 350 km le, 'me ka 1870, ka tsela e mo St. Petersburg - Helsinki tšoaroa karolo ea pele. Ka 1912, likhutlong tse hōle tsa Vyborg ikopanya literempe meleng e ka 'me baahi ba motse ona e ka nako eo e se e eketsehile ho ea ho batho ba likete tse 50. E ne e le motse oa bobeli ho kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Grand Duchy ea Finland. Baahi e ne e haholo-holo tsa Finns - ka 81%, Sweden e ne e 10%, le Serussia - wa 6.5 feela%.

Itseng nakong e fetileng, le boikutlo ba kelello le lineano liberalisticheskie ne lebaka la hore Viborg fetohile setsi sa khahloa tsa bahanyetsi ba matla a borena. Ho ile mona o ile a hlaha e tummeng "Vyborg Manifesto" ipiletsang bakeng sa liketso tsa ho se mamele sechaba. Pele phetohelo mona ka pata V. I. Lenin.

Meralo Jakobo Arenberg

Arenberg meralo ya maikutlo a hore motseng oa habo ho ba mohlala ho tsohle, ba lokela ho bontša le ho ruta, e le baemeli ba lichaba tse fapaneng le malumeli a mang ba tla phela ka khotso hammoho. Ho ke ke ha bohlokoa hore na ba boholong ba laola sebaka seo ba lulang ho. The ntho e ka sehloohong - le likamano tse ntle-boahelani le ho hlomphana.

Arenberg e lula le ho sebetsa ka Serussia Muso, 'me ho nkoa ka boeena o ka Serussia meralo (ka nako eo Vyborg ne Grand Duchy la Finland le karolo ea Russia). Hoa hlokomeleha hore e ne e le Swede ke pelehi, e hona joale ho nkoa e le Sefinnishe meralo. Kahoo, ho bonahatsa tšobotsi e ikhethang ea Vyborg naha.

Ka kakaretso, histori ea Vyborg - ka histori ea lintoa sehlōhō ea tlhōlo, 'me Torkel Knutsson sefika, a bōpa ke Jakobo Arenberg - the sefika pele, romanticized le reconciles histori ea sebakeng seo.

Jakobo Arenberg (1847-1914) etselitsoeng 'me a haha' maloa tsa meaho eo ntse khabisa motse oa linaheng tse tharo tsa boahelani. Joalo literateng tsa Vyborg, e le Soviet Union (pele e neng e Posesskaya) le Qhobosheane (pele e neng e Catherine), teng e bohareng ba motse, ho thahasellisa haholo ho hlompha pōpo ea sa meralo ea ho haha e tummeng. Le letona ka motsoako bona ke ka sehloohong poso ho haha. Sena ke ka mo porojekeng e ea ho qetela ea Arenberg. Mona ho meralo batla kheloha ho tswa ho Renaissance hae tloaelehileng le hore e bululetsoe ke botle ba ntlo ea borena Drottinghemskogo etsisa ho Petrine Baroque.

Seterateng Union, u ka bona ea bolulo ea pele ea 'musisi oa Vyborg. Hona joale, ho Houses Lekhotla la litho tsa senate sa setereke Vyborg City. House muso ea 'musisi ka ho nkoa e le letšoao le khethollang Arenberg. Poteletseng etsisa tsa meralo ea ho haha Setaliana ea lekholong la lilemo la XVI le e bontša hore tseleng eo a entseng kene lekokong la. Morero o sebedisa itekanetseng lithaele kamoreng e ka tlaase, Ionic litšiea, polutsirkulyarnye lifensetere, setshwani le ka thata-thata mela thutatekanyo. Seterateng e tšoanang e le mohaho o nang le a sireletsa ho motho e pele e neng e ea sebele, 'me haeba u ee e nyenyane ka ho eketsehileng, ho ea Sekolong sa ea seterata,' me ho na le u ka bona ho haha sekolo banana pele e neng e ', e hahiloeng ke mong'a tummeng.

nako ea Sefinnishe

The February Phetohelo ea 1917 le liketsahalo ileng ea la October e ne e le hoo ho kgothalletsa ho ntoa ea lehae le secession tsa Grand Duchy ea Finland. Ka puso e ncha, Finland, phetoho e khōlō e khubelu ile a hlōla, 'me ka hare ho naha ha thehoa' muso o republican.

lipuisanong tsohle le Soviet Union li ne li robehile. Tekano ba lichaba tse fapaneng e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke puso ea baahi Sefinnishe. Puo ea Sefinnishe e-ba boemong ba ho.

Vyborg ne e le motse oa bobeli ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ka hare ho naha - le kamoo setso, 'me e le indasteri e' me e le setsi tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki. Local meralo Otto Iivari Meurman ntshetswa pele mashome a mane na mwango ya dilemo tse ntshetsopele, 'me e ne e akarelletsa mocheng lona tsa toropo. Phethahatso ea lipane tsa lona o ne a qala ka 1929 ka Finland, 'me o qetile ka 70s Soviet Union.

Histori ea Vyborg bolokoa ka bopaki ba hore le pele ho qala ha ntoa le Jeremane ea Bonazi ka bang meaho e thahasellisang haholo, e tloaelehileng ea functionalist setaele ho ile ha hahoa. E entsoe ke Ragnar Yupyuya khoebo ea sesole sa metsing Academy, State Archives morero le Uno Ullberg Vyborg Library.

Vyborg Library

Ka 2013, ka mor'a ho phethoa ea tsosoloso e pharaletseng, ho ile a bula mamati a eona ho babali Vyborg City Library. Ho pholletsa le lefatše e tsejoang e le Vyborg Library. Ho feela tlile ka hara sebōpeho sa naha ya rona e ikhethang Sefinnishe meralo. E adherent tsa functionalism, ho kopantswe le modernism, Aalto etselitsoeng 'me a haha mohaho oo kopana ditlhoko tsohle tsejoa ka mekhoa ea mehaho.

Laebraring e ile ea hahoa lilemo tse robeli 'me e ile ea buloa ka October 1935. Ho eona o ne a sa senyehile nakong ea ntoa, empa ho se sebelisoa hampe ka lilemo tse ngata ka mor'a ntoa. Ka lebaka la dampness le ho hlokomolohuoa tla le sa buisane lokisoeng, samente, siling, lihlopha le thepa ea ka tlung ba ne ba lahlehetsoe ke, kibiloe oona tsamaisong buka e ikhethang ventilation.

Tsosoloso ea pele ea 50-ogy ile etsoa ntle ho litšoantšo pele, kahoo ke ahlamisa laebraring ka 1961 tsoalla tšoana hanyane ho bōptjoa Alvar Aalto. Tsosoloso ea bobeli ea lilemo 1994-2013. O ile a khutlela foromo hae pele. Mosebetsi amehang ho ile ha thehoa ka 1992 ka Finland, Komiti tsa ho tsosolosoa ha Vyborg Library. machaba akaretsang ho etsa lipatlisiso lenaneo ka ho tsosolosoa ha mosebetsi oa ho meralo Alvar Aalto e se e pele. Lehlakoreng Russia e ile chelete ho tswa ho etsa moralo oa tšebeliso muso.

E ile ea boela ea siling khanya - ho potoloha lifensetere 57 marulelong a bataletseng. bophara ba bona ke 1,8 m. Aalto balwa botenya le bevels openings cylindrical e le hore khanya ea letsatsi e refracted ho eona 'me a bonahatsa. Sena se khanya hasanyelitseng ho ke ha e kotsi ho mahlo le re sitisa chesa libuka.

Ba boela ba qala ho sebetsa le ventilation "taolo tlelaemete" tsamaiso. Alvar Aalto etselitsoeng ho e le hore leru la lerole ha susumelletsa moeeng. Futhumatsang liphaephe o hlomamisa ka siling, ka leboteng mounted shafts ventilation, 'me tlasa lifensetere hlomamisa moea noa di-valve.

Ka holong puo e ikhethang maqhubu mexri siling tsosolosoa.

Ho tsosolosa laebraring, le ntle le mabaka a 'maloa, re ile a sebelisa thepa e tšoanang le eo e sebelisoa ho meralo ka boeena.

lilemo tse tharo tsa ntoa 1939-1944

From November 1939 ho ea ho June bo20 la 1944 ka naha ea setereke Vyborg ka makhetlo a mararo 'me a fetola matla sebopeho tsa baahi ba moo. liphutuho tse tharo kaofela sesole ba tšoauoa ka ntoa ba bohale bo tšosang le mahlatsipa boima har'a baahi.

Pele o ile a lula ka histori le lebitso la "e Mariha Ntoa". Union tlhahiso e re ntoa e ile ea qala Finns, liqhomane leliboho sebakeng Union libetsa. World bathapi setjhabneg phatlalatsa ho qaleha ha tshebetso sesole qholotsoa la puso ea Soviet Union 'me Soviet Union e lelekoa Selekane sa Lichaba. March 12, 1940 ntoa e ile ea lala ka saenela tsa Moscow Selekane, ho ea ka tseo 11% ea naha ea Finland, ho akarelletsa le Vyborg, ba ile ba fallela Soviet Union. 'Muso oa Sefinnishe likhoka falletse ea baahi ea moo ka naha ea Finland. Ka ditefello nka lihora tse 24: ha ho motho le nako ea ho hlile fumana hammoho, thepa eohle lenyalo o ile a sala hore a qetello ea eona. A linaheng tse lenaneo le khethehileng hapa ile ka matla haholo lieu ke Marussia, o ile a qala liindasteri sebetsa, mekgatlo setso, thuto le bophelo bo botle.

Peacetime qetella August 29, 1941, ha e le karolo ea 4th botseta ea lebotho la Finland qala falla retaliatory 'me a hapa Vyborg. Russia hape lahlehileng qhobosheane lona ka leboea-bophirimela. The mabotho tsa Basebetsi 'me balemi ba' Red Army ikhula motseng oo. baahi Sefinnishe ba khutlela naheng ea habo bona, empa ho lula mona feela ka lilemo tse tharo.

June 20, 1944, masole a Soviet Union boela ba kena Vyborg - Russia o ile a nka ho iphetetsa eona, 'me Finns potlako ba ntsoa sebakeng sena ka hare-hare ho naha.

Mokhahlelo oa botšelela - ka USSR

nako ena e nkoa e le lehlabuleng la 1944 ho 1991. Tharo lintoa li baka tšenyo e khōlō ho motse. Pele a tsamaea, Finns epilwe le likhoebo bohlokoa liindastering le mehaho e sa bolulo. Ha mong le e mong o ile a khona ho rarolla. meaho fetang 500 ba 'nile ba timetsoa. Mahetleng Union batho larileng ka moroalo o boima oa ho tsosolosa moruo litoropo. Vyborg ile akarelletsoa har'a metse 15 ho ba kameho e ka sehloohong ea mmuso.

Ka 1947 ma mwango ntshetsopeleng tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsa Vyborg ile ntshetswa pele. Ke lilemong tsa bo-50s qala ho sebetsa seletsa le shipbuilding dimela, acid e citric le ba bang. Sebakeng sa dikgokelo literempe bese e fihla, nkeloa sebaka ke locomotives motlakase. libaka tsa histori tse kang Crusader qhobosheaneng, liqhobosheane, marokho le matlo a mangata a mehleng e bohareng, ba ile ba qala ho tsosolosa. Ile a Tšollela litsoantso tse betliloeng phakeng le musiamo "Mon Repos Park." Ho ile mokhoa o sa fellang e tsosolositsoeng oache tora kerekeng e khōlō.

"Mon Repos Park"

Tverdysh sehlekehlekeng seo, karolong e ka leboea ea Vyborg, ke histori, meralo le tsa tlhaho musiamo-pokello "Mon Repos Park." Qalong, linaha tsena Czar Petrose o ile a ka perpetuity commandant ea Vyborg qhobosheane Stupishin. O e minyelelitse ho mokhoabo oo, ba ne ba hlahiswa naha e nonneng a lema le lifate tsa litholoana le deciduous. Beng bohle morago ga moo hape tlatselitse ho ntlafatso ya matlo.

Ka ho fetisisa tummeng Litsebi, painters, sculptors le benghali ba sebetsang serapeng ka linako tse fapaneng ba ile ba sebetsa ka mehaho alqueria le landschap. Lekane ho bolele mabitso a tse kang Montferrand, Martinelli, Gonzaga, Thomas de Thomon A. Stakenschneider, Mettenleyter, Takanen. Lilemong tse tharo tsa 1939-1944 lintoa ho fetisisa ea tsoileng ho ile senyehile, tlosoa kapa oa timetsoa. Ka makhetlo a Soviet Union, ho tsosolosoa mosebetsi tšimong ea serapeng sa boikhathollo le koahela hanyane. Boholo ba mehaho e setseng sebediswa bakeng sa mokgatlo ea sechaba morero oa - kindergarten ba bang kaofela lapeng, joalo-joalo ...

Hona joale e ntlafetse phakeng. Mong le e mong mekete hlabula 'mino oa Macelt le setso mino, ho na le tsosoloso ea khale le kaho ea mehaho e mecha ea, tse reretsoeng ho khutlisa phakeng talimela khale le morero oa hae.

Histori ea morao tjena ea Vyborg

Histori ea morao tjena ea Vyborg e lekanngoa ho tloha ka 1991, ho nako e le teng. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ba bang ba batho ba mehleng ea rona re ho tloha maikutlo a meeli leboea-bophirimela ea Federation ea Russia, Vyborg lahlehileng bohlokwa' mōpi oa lona, re lumela tsena mehopolo fositse le kotsi. Toropong e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane ntse ho sireletsa le sebaka sena, 'me naha ea rōna ho tloha hlasela likhopolong tsa bojaki e phela ka eona. Ho eona larileng bohlokwa lona tsa lipolotiki le tsa sesole. O ke bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sesole sa metsing 'me sesole botlaaseng naheng eo.

Morao-rao Vyborg - sena ke e ntle, e leng motse oa sejoale-joale phelang e moea le khoebo bophelo a sebetsang. Ho na le lifektheri, mekgatlo e 'maloa ea phahameng le se mahareng diinstitusene tsa thuto, likolo, kindergartens, lipetlele le lula malapeng. Mathata le dipalangwang tsa setjhaba di rarolloa leboha ho ho hlaha ha interchanges ntjha lipalangoang. Ho ntshetsa pele lefapheng lena e bohahlauli tsa moruo. Ka ho khetheha, e matlafatsang ea Vyborg ka sethunya leralleng fetoha karolo ea litsela leeto.

letšoao la motse

Har'a matšoao ka sehloohong ba motse, eo kamehla bolella itsebisa 'me tse bontšitsoeng leqepheng souvenirs ke Crusader qhobosheane, le Latin lengolo la W, seaparo sa matsoho a motse, e tummeng Vyborg pretzel, Drakkar, kereke Hyacinth, tora ea St. Olaf, Paradeise le oache tora, hammoho le tse boletsoeng ka holimo sefika ho Marshal Knutsson.

Pretzel, ha ba ntse ba re, ha ho tšoane le hore hang tlisa khanya ho motse, empa e ntse e le monate ka ho fetisisa, 'me bahahlauli ba ntse ba leka ho reka le ho rekisa ho baratuoa ba bona.

Mabapi le tšoantšetsa, e fetohile matsoho makhetlo a 'maloa. Ka 1710, ka mor'a hore ho be le tlhōlo ea Petrose ke, e ne e le ha a leka ho khabisa setšoantšo sa hae tsa tlou, empa botho ba ka e sa tšoaroa. Seaparo oa kajeno oa matsoho a Vyborg - a batla a ea e ntafaditsweng phetolelo ea tšoantšetsa ho, ea amohelehang ho feta Empress Catherine II ka 1788. Holim 'a eona ba masimo a mararo - mala o moputsoa, o mosehla le o mofubelu. Ba - meqhaka tharo le lengolo W. Right 'me sa tloha mangeloi a mabeli. mapheo a kgolo ya bareki ba leholimo 'me qhobosheane leboteng ka morao le ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba lefatše ho naha le behiloeng tlhokomelong ea bona.