Ethylene oxide: tlhahiso, e sebelisoang

Ethylene oxide ke methane ea achromatic e nang le monko oa tsoekere, o nkhang hamonate o hopotsang urethane. Lintho li boima ho feta oksijene. E thata ka mocheso oa -115 ° C, 'me mocheso oa +12 ° C e kenngoa ka motsoako oa mohala o hlakileng o nang le tatso e tukang. Motsoako o theoha habonolo metsing, joala ea ethyl le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa motheo. Ho kopanya ka oksijene ho fetoha sepenya.

Pale ea histori

Ethylene oxide e ile ea fumanoa ka 1859 ke rasaense oa Mofora, setsebi sa k'hemik'hale ea bitsoang Charles Adolf Wurz. O ile a fetoha oa pele ho ba ileng ba batlisisa lik'hamphani tsena le litšoaneleho tsa eona tsa boleng ka ho lekanya mocheso oo lioli tsa ethylene e nang le tsona. Qalong, rasaense o ne a lumela hore ethylene oxide, likarolong tsa eona tsa physico-lik'hemik'hale le litšoaneleho, li tšoana le setsi sa tlhaho. Maikutlo ana a fosahetseng a ile a tsoela pele ho fihlela ka 1896, ha bafuputsi ba bang (Bredig le Usov) ba sa fumane hore ethylene oxide hase motsoako oa electrolytic.

Ka nako e telele, mokhoa o le mong feela oa ho ntša oxide ethylene ka ho toba ho ethylene ka boeona e ne e tsejoa. Bo-rasaense ba bangata ba ile ba e sebelisa. Empa ka 1931, naha ea Charles, setsebi sa k'hemistri Theodor Emil Lefort, se ile sa etsa mokhoa o mocha oa oxidizing ethylene ka ho toba, ho sebelisa enzyme ea silevera. Mokhoa ona, o bōpiloeng qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, o ntse o sebelisoa.

Tse kholo tse 'nè bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ethylene oxide

Emil Lefort e ile ea e-ba rasaense oa pele ea entseng ethylene oxide ka oxidizing ntho e itseng, a sebelisa oksijene le accelerator ea silevera. O boetse o na le patented mokhoa ona ka 1931. Mokhoa oa ho fumana oxide ethylene e ne e feto-fetoha khafetsa mme e fumanoe mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tlhahiso ea liindasteri.

Khampani ea pele e sebelisitseng mokhoa oa indasteri oa ho kopanya lihlahisoa tse tsoekere ea ethylene, ho qala ka 1995, ke k'hamphani ea UCC (Union Carbide Corporation). Mona re sebelisa ts'ebetso e bitsoang "Meteoric", e khetholloang ka ho hlahisa chai, tlase chelete e tlaase. Khampani e thehiloe ka 1917 ke Richard Wells. Semela sa ethylene oxide le glycol e sebetsa mme e jala letsatsi. Mokhatlo ona o lopololotse patent, eo hona joale e leng thepa ea eona, 'me e fumana ts'ebetso ea eona feela likhoebong tsa eona, hammoho le ho ba le matla a fetang 25% a bokgoni ho pota lefatše.

Khampani ea bobeli, e sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang, empa e atile haholo lefatšeng ka lebaka la tsamaiso ea mofuta oa tumello, Na Scientific Design Company, Inc. Ho tloha ka 1983, e na le merero e fetang 95, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 27 lekholong ea bokgoni ba lefats'e le 80% ea tsohle tse hlahisoang ke li-ethylene oxide. Khamphani e thehiloe ka 1946.

Khampani ea boraro e sebelisang mokhoa ona ke Shell International Chemicals BV. Lekala la Royal Dutch Shell le thehiloeng ka 1907. Tsela ea khoebo ena e fapane le bahlahisi ba bang, ho hlokomoloha litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea ethylene oxide le bophelo bo bolelele ba li-dessicant (lilemo tse fetang 3). Khampani e akaretsa matla a fetang a 45 lekholong a tlhahiso ea lefats'e.

Moetsi oa bone - Khampani ea Japane Japane Catalytic Chemical Co. E sebelisa mokhoa o lumelloang ke molao o tšoanang le mokhoa oa Scientific Design, o thehiloeng ho hlophisa mokhoa o le mong o kopanyang tlhahiso ea ethylene oxide le ethylene glycols. Mokhatlo oa Japane o thehiloe ka 1951.

Ethylene oxide ke sehlahisoa se seholo ka ho fetisisa sehlahisoa sa lik'hemik'hale tsa lefats'e ka mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa. Leha ho le joalo, e tlaase ho lintho tse itseng, tse kang ethylene, propylene, ethanol, methanol, benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, toluene, joalo-joalo. Ho hlahisa oli ethylene ho ntse ho lekana feela le polyethylene e bohlokoa ebile ke 14% feela. Mokhoa ona o sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, li-copolymers tse nang le propylene oxide, lintho tse sebetsang ka holim'a metsi, li-demulsifiers ea oli, fumigants.

Koloi ea lintho

Tsamaiso ea lipalangoang e etsoa ka thuso ea lijana, li-cylind le liliba. Ethylene oxide e bolokiloe ka litanka ho fihlela ho tse 3 000 m ³ Ka mocheso oa likhato tse 15-20 Celsius, tlas'a khatello ea 7-19 kgf / cm ² . Ethylene oxide ke ntho e chefo e nang le litšila tse halefisang, tse tahang le tse chefo haholo. Ka boiketlo, ho ba khase, e kenella ka liphahlo le lieta, ho etsa hore ho be le tšoaetso e matla e matla, 'me haeba e fihla ka lehare la mahlo-mollo.

Matšoao a chefo ea ethylene

Ethylene e sebelisoa ho pholletsa le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng bakeng sa botle, bophelo bo botle le ho feta. Hangata hangata e kenngoa ho:

• Varnishes;
• Paints;
• Solvents;
• Antifreeze;
• Sesepa le li-detergent;
• Litlolo le litlolo;
• Likokoana-hloko le tse ling tse ngata.

Sterilization le ethylene oxide e atisa ho sebelisoa ke motho bakeng sa mofuta oa khase ea disinfection. Re thulana le ntho ena e chefo letsatsi le leng le le leng. Hangata ho na le maemo a tšohanyetso a amanang le chefo ea ethylene oxide. Nahana ka matšoao a chefo le litsela tsa phekolo.

Ho noa joala le ethylene oxide

Matšoao a ho noa haholo ke:

• Hlooho ea hlooho le mokokotlo;
• Tatso e monate molomong;
• Nosea le ho hlatsa;
• Bofubelu ba sefahleho;
• Bofokoli bo boholo;
• Pherekano ea pelo ea pelo;
• Ho fokola ha mesifa ea sefahleho;
• Boitšoaro bo tebileng ba liithuti ho khantša;
• Ho tšoenyeha;
• Ho eketsa sebete le tlōlo ea mesebetsi ea eona.

Bohloko bo chefo

Ho chefo ka nako e telele ke matšoao a joalo:

• Litletlebo tsa khafetsa tsa moeletsi bakeng sa hlooho;
• Bohloko bo kopaneng;
• Mathata le pampiri ea meno;
• Ho lla ha menoana ho phahamisa matsoho;
• Ho rohakana le maoto a leqhoa;
• Ho ba le kutloisiso e fokolang, joalo-joalo.

Ha motho a kopana le letlalo, o baka dermatitis le liso, 'me o tsamaisana le keketseho ea mocheso le ho ba le lekocyte e phahameng maling.

Thuso ea pele ho motho ea hlokofalitsoeng. Phekolo

Haeba mokuli a e-na le bothata ba ho shebella mahlo ka pheko e entsoeng ka ethylene, hlakola mahlo ka botlalo ka metsi a mangata a hloekileng ka nako e telele, ebe o ea ngakeng.

Haeba u fumana reagent ena letlalong ka tsela e potlakileng, u lokela ho hloekisa holim'a metsi ka k'hothone ea swath e entsoeng ka joala. Kamora ho hlatsoa sebaka se amehang letlalong ka sesepa le metsi mme u sebetse ka lanolin.

Maemong a boima haholo a chefo, mokuli o hloka:

• Moea o hloekileng;
• Khotso le mofuthu;
• Inhalation le oksijene;
• Li-vithamine B1, B6, B12 le khalsiamo;
• Senole sa alkaline se kopantsoeng;
• Li-droppers motheong oa tsoekere le ascorbic acid;
• Caffeine le cordiamine.

Sterilization le ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide e ratoa haholo e le mokhoa oa ho hlahisa litholoana. Lekhetlo la pele ethylene oxide e le gase ea disinfecting e ile ea qala ho sebelisoa lilemong tse mashome a mararo tsa lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo. Ka lebaka la hore ntho eo e ne e le ka mokhoa o kang oa khase, e kenelle hantle ho liphutheloana tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko. Mokhoa ona o ne o sebelisetsoa mahlahana a mangata a neng a hlokometse maemo a phahameng a mocheso, mongobo le chefo. Kaha oxide ethylene e bolela likhase tse nang le chefo, ho kenngoa ha senya ho etsoa ka likamore tse koetsoeng ka thata.

Mokhoa ona oa ho thibela disinfection o nkoa e le mokhoa o molemo ka ho fetisisa oa mekhoa eohle eo re e tsebang. Lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa ka tsela ena li na le mehato e meraro:

1. Ea pele, liletsa li buluoa ka moea, li fetola mocheso le mongobo.
2. Thepa e kenngoa ka khase ea ethylene oxide mme e emetse nako e itseng, e le hore lisebelisoa tsa bongaka li ntšetsoe lijalo.
3. Tšoara ho tlosa liphase tse ngata tsa khase e mabifi.

Hydration ea ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide application e fumaneha ka ho khetheha ha ho etsoa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ethylene glycols. Hydration ea ethylene oxide sebakeng sa mokelikeli o etsoa ka ho ba teng ha li-acid catalysts mocheso oa + 50-100 degrees, kapa tlas'a khatello ntle le accelerator mocheso oa +200 ° C. Ka makhetlo a mangata, mokhoa oa bobeli o sebelisoa, ho sebelisa khatello, kaha ho thata ho ba le lik'hemik'hale ka mor'a moo ho hloekisa sephetho Ntho, 'me ho hlokahala hore u sebelise mekhoa e meng ea ho hloekisa.

Ka mor'a hore metsi a hlahise metsi, ethylene glycol, e leng joala e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea joala, e fumanoa. E tšoana le oli ka tsela e tsitsitseng. Ethylene glycol e monate ebile e na le monate o monate. Ke ntho e chefo e sebelisetsoang li-detergents. Batho ba bang ba ikhethang ba leka ho e sebelisa e le sebaka sa ho nkela joala, e lebisang liphellong tse bolaeang.

Ho phaella tabeng ea hore ethylene glycol e sebelisetsoa ho etsa li-detergents, e boetse ke karolo ea lihlahisoa tse ling:

• Li-antistatics;
• Ho polishing;
• E bolela khahlanong le litšoantšo;
• Eketsa tsamaiso ea ho pholisa ea lik'homphieutha le likoloi;
• Lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tse sebelisoang ka polish ea lieta;
• Ka thuso ea eona etsa libomo.

Ketso ea ethylene glycol 'meleng

Ethylene glycol e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa mehaho kapa mehaho e nang le sebaka se seholo, 'me ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea chelete e reretsoeng ho hlatsoa, mouoane o koahetsoe. Ka tšebeliso e hlokang tlhokomelo, ntho e ka kena molomong, empa sena ha se lekaneng bakeng sa chefo. Hangata ho ba le chefo ke ba nang le tšebeletso e telele hangata ba tlamehang ho sebetsana le dintho tse nang le ethylene glycol. Sehlopha sena se kenyeletsa bakhanni le basebetsi ba lik'hemik'hale.

Lipontšo tsa chefo

1. Nako ea pele e nka lihora tse 12 mme e bontšoa ka ho noa bonyane ha motho. Ka linako tse ling, hlooho, ho nyeheloa ke pelo, ho hlatsoa nako le nako, bofokoli bo bonolo bo bonahala. Ka nako e ts'oanang, monko o monate o monate o ka tsoa ho motho. Empa ka kakaretso boemo ba bophelo bo botle ke bo tloaelehileng.
2. Ka mor'a lihora tse leshome le metso e 'meli tsa boiketlo bo nahanang, ho utloa bohloko ha ho tsamaea ka' mele oa motho, bohloko ba hlooho, ho hlaseloa ke ho nyeheloa ke pelo le tlōlo ea metabolism ea sodium-calcium, ho hlatsa. Matšoao a mpa le lumbar a qala ho phunya haholo.
3. Nakoana hamorao, ho na le matšoao a tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e senyehileng: ho lahleheloa ke tsebo, feberu, ho ferekana.
4. Ka letsatsi la bohlano, ho hloleha ha liphio, ho fetoha ha li-pulmona ho fetoha, pelo ea ts'ebetso e senyeha 'me khatello ea mali ea fokotseha.
5. Lefu le hlaha ka hare ho beke ka lebaka la ho hlōleha ha pelo, liphetoho tsa pulmonary le mathata mosebetsing oa liphio le sebete.

Chefo e bonolo e bonahala ka mor'a hore e hlahise mouoane 'me e khetholloa ke ho ba le botsoa, moferefere le bofokoli. Ho pholosa ba lemetseng, o lokela ho ea sepetlele pele ho lihora tse 12 ka mor'a chefo.