"Bryansk Forest" - e biosphere pokello ke UNESCO

A karolo e khōlō haholo ea naha ea Russia e koahetsoe ke meru, ho joalo re tla hema moea o hloekileng, 'me re ka boloka linonyana tse ngata ka seoelo le liphoofolo. E 'ngoe ea tsena e na le pokello "Bryansk Forest", sebakeng Suzemskom le Trubchevsk literekeng tsa sebakeng Bryansk, Nerusso-Desna morung' me ka le letšehali banka ya Desna River, eo ke tributary ea Dnieper. Sebaka meru - 12.186 hektare. Ka 2001 o ile a amohela boemo ba biosphere ka. Mona e beha ho tsejoe ke batho ba bangata a khopotso obelisk mabitla a lingangele ba shoeleng mona nakong ea ho qetela ntoa ea lefatše.

Kakaretso ea pokello tlhaho "Bryansk Forest"

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore pokello ena e teng ka ka libaka fapaneng libaka: moru, deciduous le meru boreal - ho na le ke e ngata ho eona
tšoane ha limela le liphoofolo. Last ruileng mefuta seoelo. Libakeng tsena, a mangata bogs boriba, eo e ntse e hōla limela glacial: Scheuchzeria Marsh, Bog myrtle, malandro Lapland. thahasellang merung e ka leboea ea orchid. Ba na e rarahaneng haholo ntshetsopeleng likokoana-hloko 'me hoo e ka bang ka lekhetlo la pele haholo ho arabela ho fetola maemo a tikoloho ka lehlakoreng le bobe. Ka lebaka leo, orchid tsohle li sireletsoa. "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, e bontša hore re ka mefuta e 19 ea orchid. Ba bang ba bona ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela, e kang: Cephalanthera rubra, disilipara sebele, Dactylorhiza Baltic, epipogium leafless. Ho bontšang mefuta 769 ea limela vascular. Ho bana, mefuta e mehlano le 'ona a ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka buka tshireletso: dactylorhiza traunsteineri, epipogium leafless, disilipara sebele, Cephalanthera rubra, mofumahali e mong o Dactylorhiza Baltic.

Liphoofolo phelang ka pokello ea

Ba likarolong tsena e boetse ke haholo haholo. Flora liphoofolo, vertebrates, o na 245 mefuta e: 153 - linonyana, 50 - liphoofolo tse anyesang, 11 - sehahabi, 6 - lihahabi, 'ngoe cyclostomes mofuta le 24 - litlhapi. Mefuta e mengata ka seoelo a liphoofolo fumanoa pokello e
pholosang bolulo. Mona khoba matšoafo ke phela ka eona-ntse bo tsoela pele pela, Beaver tseba ho backwaters le melapo e mengata e otters nōka phela Nerusso. mefuta e tšeletseng tsa linonyana tse tlalehiloeng ka Buka ea ka ea alamo, ho akarelletsa le: bohlooho shrike, noha ntsu, ba batsho mokotatsie le ba bang. Kae kapa kae moo, ntle le pokello "Bryansk Forest", ke ke ha khoneha ho lemoha mefuta eohle tse leshome tsa woodpecker seoelo European: tala, ea bohlooho, o motsho bushbaby, bona bushbaby nyenyane, Motley mahareng, haholo matheba, tšoeu-tšehetsoa, Syria, wryneck le tse tharo-se menoana e. Kae kapa kae moo e mong oa Europe o fumana ho tsona kaofela hammoho ke ke fumana. E hangata ile a fumana mefuta e meng ea linonyana e ka leboea, tse kang grouse, boreal sephooko, o motsho bushbaby. Haufi le bona ke haholo sa wa fumana phutholohile ka Remez le egretta thula haholo - baahi e ka boroa. Russia alamo buka thathamisitsoeng mefuta e 12 ea liphoofolo, e khōlō le e monyenyane matheba ntsu, ba batsho mokotatsie, Seukraine lamprey, Mnemosyne, Apollo serurubele, khama e tona-maleshoane, noctule seqhenqha, muskrat, bohareng bona bushbaby, ea bohlooho shrike, noha ntsu.

Ea liphallelo tsa pokello le boemo ba leholimo

Sebakeng seo "Bryansky moru" e emela accumulative
thoteng, le tlaase-ho bua leshano, ka bonolo mekgokolosa. Ha ho na libaka tse phahameng haholo, kapa, ho fapana le hoo, nisin. Bophahamo bonyane ba sebaka seo - 125 limithara, ha palo e kahodimodimo - 210 ka sehloohong -. 140-170 limithara foromo mokhoabo sebakeng profil 'me le bophara ba lithoteng moroallo, ka holim'a metsi ka bonolo le tšekamelo' me masimo a bataletse. Noka Valley marenene libaka fihla km 12-15, ntle ho hore ho moroallo bophara ba km ho fihlela ho tse hlano. Floodplains ba tšoauoa ka depressions e mpe ea 'golf hore fihla bophara ea km le mong ho ba babeli le lula libakeng tse khōlō. Ho na le e tloaelehileng depressions tebang le litutulu limithara tse 6-9 phahameng, sinkholes le likoting. Boemo ba leholimo libakeng tsena subcontinental, karolelano ea selemo le selemo mocheso ke 5.4 ° ^C. The pula e 550-590 limilimithara ka selemo. Mariha hangata batang ka tekano. Hopola pina ena: "Shumel ka matla haholo, Bryansk moru ..."? Sena ke feela ka pokello ena. Summers tse mofuthu. The molumo oa mocheso ea selemo le selemo - 25-27 ^° C ho fetisisa ea selemo - matsatsi a 136-154 - mocheso moea ke likhato lefela.

Matamo Bryansk meru

Polesie linōka tse melatswana ea ho Desna River le e matleng a hae ho beisine ea Dnieper. Ba bang ba tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le linokana eo phalla ka pokello ena. Marenene le kanaleng e na le ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa ka 90 km SE, bophara ba eona e:, max - limithara tse 144, e le tloaelo - 60-80 limithara Poyma - Meadow, mokhoabong, 4-5 km SE lohle ..

noka e mong Nerussa setseng marenene tributary, o na le bolelele ba ka sebakeng se fanoeng ka bang 110 dikhilomitha, e le bophara ba kanale e ka ba ho fihlela ho limithara tse 52, 'me hangata - 25-30. Bophara ba floodplain - limithara tse 2-3, ke mokhoabo, moru, Meadow le moru. Tsebileng ho tloha Navlya River, North le Usozha. E boetse e le ngata tsa linōka tse nyenyane, bolelele ba tsona fapana ho ea km hlano ho isa ho 38 "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, tšoauoa ka palo e nyenyane ea matša, e leng nōka ea ka sehloohong oxbows Navlya, Nerusso le marenene. Ea matamo floodplain ema teng ka upland terraces marenene Zherenskie letšeng: Lake. Big Gérin, ka botebo ba limithara tse 0.3-0.4, le Lake. Nyenyane Gérin, tse ka bang peli limithara tse tebileng. Ho na le boetse ho na le lintho tse nyenyane haholo, ea mofuta ofe sinkholes.

Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho pokello ho tloha metse e haufi

From Bryansk - bakeng sa pina "Bryansk-Kiev" ho retelehela ho motseng oa Log lekhoaba e, joalo-joalo - The masepala oa Bee, Kholmech, Terebushka le ho motseng oa Berezovka. Ho na le, ka setsi le ho na le ke ba retelehelang ho Manor bohareng. From Trubchevsk - ka pina "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" ho e ncha, Century le ho Berezovka. From Suzemka - ka pina "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" ho Kholmech, Berezovka. Ka terene - tsela "Bryansk-Suzemka" ho Nerussa sethaleng le km halofo ka maoto ho Manor bohareng. Laolang Reserve Bryansk moru taolo ya, teng bohareng lebatowa ka seterata Kalinina, ntlo nomoro 34. Ofisi ena e fumaneng bakeng sa mosebetsi oa hae o ile a rorisa ka ho sa Fund Wildlife World.