Bao e seng mafu a tsoaetsanang ea ditlhapigauta, le mekhoa ea phekolo

Ba bang ba mafu a ditlhapigauta di le otla ba feta, ba bang ba ka tlaase ho moo, empa ho na le a 'maloa a mafu a tloaelehileng bakeng sa tlhapi ena. E le o tsejoa ho aquarists tsohle, mafu a aquarium tlhapi ba arotsoe ka a tšoaetsanoang le noninfectious. mafu a tšoaetsanoang ditlhapigauta di le arotsoe ka itaolang bakoang ke lintho tse sa phoofolo (protozoa, le 'ngoe-e nang le sele, arthropods le helminths) le mafu a tsoaetsanang a bakoang ke hlahang ho yona mikroogranizmami dimela (livaerase, libaktheria, li-fungus, unicellular dimelametsing).

hangata haholo, ho fumanoe ea litlhapi kula ka ho thehwa feela ka mor'a hore liteko laboratoring. Tabeng ea ditlhapigauta lefu ke molemo ho batla keletso ho ea ngaka, e ichthyologist kapa profesionalce tse ling.

mafu a batho bao e seng tshwaetsaneng tsa aquarium khauta tlhapi ka bakoa ke maemo a sa lokelang botlamuoa, fepa fosahetseng, ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale, tšenyo e phetha molao (likotsi). Ho theha sesosa sa lefu lena, aquarist efe kapa efe e ka ka nako e loketseng a felise lintlha ee e bakileng, 'me ka tsela eo, ho phekola tlhapi bona.

Bao e seng mafu a tsoaetsanang ditlhapigauta e ka ba a hlobaetsang le, kapa le sa foleng. The mafu atileng ka ho fetisisa bao e seng tshwaetsaneng kenyeletsa:

1. Gas embolism (oksijene keketso).

Le matšoao: machachetsi ka 'mele, lethargy kapa restlessness, mekhatlo lieha ya Gill e koahela.

Kalafo (thibelo): tlosa keketso ea oksijene.

2. asphyxia (ho hloka ea oksijene).

Le matšoao: tlhapi e holim telele engole moea, mafutsana takatso ea lijo, ottopyrivanie gills, khōlo ea kholofalo.

Kalafo (thibelo): Phetolo ya metsi (30% ya bophahamo ba modumo tanka), e ile ea eketseha aeration, Cooling metsi, fokotsa palo ea tlhapi, tloswa ha manyolo ho tloha tlaase.

3. overcooling kapa overheating.

Le matšoao: Ha supercooling - lethargy, tlhapi rapaletse ka tlaase, ho senyeha takatso ea lijo; Overtemperature: potlako ho hema, tlhapi koenya moea ka holim'a metsi.

Ditlhapigauta ho matleng a litlhapi batang metsi. Re ke ke ra lumella overheating kapa overcooling metsi a matla. Diphapano ka mocheso ka etsa hore mogote makala isang lefu ea litlhapi.

4. Maemo a Sithabetsang.

Le matšoao: rapaletse ka tlase, fearfulness, mekhatlo ba sa tsitsang, mucus, pinched mapheoana, tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo, ho tšoha.

Kalafo (prophylaxis): felisa lintlha ee e bakileng khatello ea kelello.

5. alkalosis (haholo alkaline) le acidosis (haholo asiti).

matšoao a Alkalosis: tšoenyeha, tšebelisano phytoteratology, mucus, tsitsipana, scratching ka majoe le tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle, corneal opacity.

Matšoao a acidosis: e boemo thabile tsa tlhapi ka ba tetebetse maikutlo ka nako e telele, slowing mokhatlo oo oa Gill koahela, tahlehelo ea tšebelisano, mucus.

Kalafo (thibelo): beha ph le ho fetola metsi.

6. chefo nitrates, ammonia le nitrites.

Matšoao a chefo ke nitrates: lethargy, scratching khahlanong le majoe, fokotseha takatso ea lijo, twitching mapheoana.

Matšoao a chefo ammonia: excitability, mekhatlo matsapa tsa likoahelo Gill, streaks khubelu ka mapheoana le, tsoa mali ka mahlo.

Matšoao a chefo nitrites tsitsipana, mekhatlo matsapa tsa Gill e koahela, twitching mapheoana.

Kalafo (prophylaxis): sebaka metsi le ho etsa maemo tloaelehile phelang, (ho fepa ka tsela e itekanetseng, dimela phela, biofiltration, ho hloekisa mobu aeration).

7. Overfeeding.

Ditlhapigauta ke voracious, empa ba ke ke ba overfeed. Ba ka fumana botenya, kapa ho ruruha ea gastrointestinal ho, ea isang ho lefu la litlhapi.

Le matšoao: satalla, ho ruruha ea haha, e leng keketseho ea bohlokoa ka mpa wa, e khubelu mucous mantleng (bubble moea) "shifter" (tlhapi ea lahleheloang ho leka-lekana, e sutumeletsa holim'a holim metsi, phaphametseng lehlakoreng lona, le ka mpeng holimo kapa thulametse).

Kalafo (prophylaxis): e leka-lekaneng ho fepa, ho fapafapana le motsoako, ua inela lijo omileng pele ho fepa, ho itima lijo le letsatsi. Gastrointestinal ruruha e tšoaroa ke ho itima lijo ka matsatsi a 3-7.

8. e tsoile likotsi.

Le matšoao: Maqeba a 'mele le mahlo, rusolla mapheoana, tahlehelo ea sekala, abrasions.

Kalafo (thibelo): ho itšehla thajana tsa tlhapi, sebetsana le lithethefatsi tlhapi reretsoe ho potlakisa dinama tse nyenyane tse tsosa morolo le thibela ketsahalo e ea li-fungus (methylene putsoa).

mafu a batho bao e seng tshwaetsaneng ditlhapigauta di le ka matla a rona ho thibela, ho bōpa maemo a ho fetisisa homolog tsa dikahare tsa bona.