Atlas Mountains - arohaneng se lithaba naheng

Karolo e khōlō ea naha ea Afrika teng ka poleiti lithospheric African. Ho sethaleng khale ka ho fetisisa nakong e fetileng e ne e le karolo ea k'honthinente e khōlō ea gondwana dulce amo. Ka nako Triassic tlas'a tšusumetso ea makhotla a Link ea Lefatše phahameng lithaba neng li le teng ka k'honthinente ea khale, ba oa. Liphoso tsa banana peels ka, sebopeho sa Horst, litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang se ile sa etsa hore ho thehoe lithoteng maqhubu, sehlabeng se phahameng, libeisine kgolo le litlhōrō tse ncha. Afrika - k'honthinenteng feela tseo mekoloko e ncha lithaba ho ile ha thehoa ha ka ka libaka ea dibopeho a phuthilweng. Thabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa Afrika otlolla lihlabeng East African. Lithaba tsena li Drakensberg thehoa karolong e ka bochabela ea k'honthinente e ka boroa. Ka boroa ho k'honthinente e sehelane moeli le ke sehlaba sa Cape lithabeng tseo 'me ka leboea-bophirimela a otlolla ka Atlas Mountains. maporogo bona ka leboea behoa ka kotloloho ka mateano lipoleiti tse peli lithospheric.

Atlas lithaba, kapa Atlas theha ka leboea-bophirimela protrusion African k'honthinente, e leng e arohane le Southern Europe feela Gibraltar mochophorong. North-bophirimela ea lebopo la k'honthinente ka bophirimela ke Leoatle la Atlantic le ka bochabela le ka leboea - ho Leoatle la Mediterranean. Ka boroa, ha ho na leliboho ho hlaka hlalosoa le Sahara, e entsoeng ke maoto ka boroa ea mokoloko oa lithaba tsa Atlas, eo ho eona naha chesele ea lehoatata.

Atlas ke phahama bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa leboea-bophirimela Africa. Lithaba tsena li otlolla tswa Atlantic lebōpong le ka Morocco, Algeria ho fihlela ho lebōpo la Tunisia. Ho na le Phahameng Atlas lithaba, Tel-Atlas, ho Atlas Sahara, bo Hare Atlas, Anti-Atlas, sehlabeng ka hare ho naha le lithota. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Afrika Leboea le Phahameng Atlas ke Toubkal lithaba, fihla ba bolelele ba 4167 m. Ho boetse ho na le thabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea North African. Atlas ka karolo ena ea lithaba ke tsoana haholo le le Alps le Caucasus. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bo Hare Atlas ke holimo sehlabeng-joaloka le e sehiloeng ke liphula tse tebileng. Ho ka leboea-bochabela ke tswelediso ea Phahameng ka Atlas Sahara Atlas. Ho ea ka boroa ea Phahameng ka Atlas, Anti-Atlas lithaba e - tsosoa Cenozoic mekhatlo mathōkong a etsa lipoleiti tsa boholo-holo.

Origin Atlas le lithabeng tse amanang liphoso tebileng eaba ba etsa lineaments (guttate tlisang liphallelo likarolo). Ho latela Geological le Atlas Mountains e boetse ke tsela e hlollang bakeng sa 'nete ea hore ba fepa sebakeng tsa leoatle lena a pharaletseng a tlase ho lefatshe artesian beisine, e leng tlasa khōlō ka ho fetisisa le lefatseng la Sahara ea lehoatata.

Hammoho le lebōpo Mediterranean, ka mor'a contour ba lebōpong la leoatle, lelele mocha a phuthilweng lithaba ranges Rif Atlas, Atlas Tel-ho fihlela ho 2500 m. Li tsoela pele ka ho toba eo lithabeng tsa Sicily le e ka boroa Spain. Tse ngata lithaba litlhōrō, ho akarelletsa le Toubkal, ke timele foqoha seretse se chesang.

Thahasellisang, empa baahi ba ea moo ba Atlas ha lebitso le 'ngoe ea lithaba, ho na le mabitso a lihlaba motho feela le maporogo. Ba Itlhahisa ka lebitso "Atlas Lithabeng", "atlelase" tsa baahi ba moo ha e sebetse. Ba ba isoa Europe le na le tšimoloho ea eona litšōmo tsa boholo-holo, tse neng li binoa e le "lithaba tsa Atlanta", e mythological titan Atlas, kapa Atlas, Perseus fetoloa thabeng African lebaka la ho hana ho amohela baeti.

Ba teng ha Atlas lithabeng tseo pele o ile a hlokomela ka ho tsamaea Bafoenisia. Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea tsamaiso meepo e leng ka mesebetsi ea Maksima Tirskogo. Empa haholo atolosoa khopolo ea lithaba ke e ikhethang Jeremane mofuputsi Rolf Gerhard Africa. O ne a ikhakanya ka Mamosleme a tšela High Atlas, o ile a re mekoloko mapa lithaba, 'me ba hlahloba oases kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tloha Algeria itahlela ka ho Sahara.

Atlas Mountains, haufi Marrakech, eo ho nkoang hore e be moholo. lilemo tsa bona e laolwang ke Cretaceous le linako Jurassic.

Features ya landschap morao-rao tsa Atlas Mountains itshetlehile sharply kontinenteng le ena e omeletseng. E pharaletseng dithulaganyo bosa lebisa ho timetsoa ha lithaba le bokella bona mosikong oa ka palo e kholo ea maloanlahla, har'a oona ke maporogo phahameng ka ho fetisisa le litlhōrō ka ho lekaneng moepa le nchocho. Ho khethollang ea liphallelo e le ke e boetse e le matla erosive dismemberment. Mountain mekoloko khaola ka likhohlo tse tebileng, holim hare ea sehlabeng sa tšela ke tsamaiso ea metjha e - lefa tsa mehla e fetileng.

Bakeng sa Atlas le lithabeng tloaelehileng Mediterranean boemo ba leholimo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke tsejoa esale pele le ho itšetlehile ka ba bolelele haholo haholo. Kahoo, sebaka sa ea Phahameng ka Atlas likarolo e tloaelehileng ea lithaba tlelaemete le pholile, lehlabula le chabile 'me mariha a batang haholo. Mocheso karolelano ka fihlang ho lehlabuleng + 25⁰S qeta mariha mocheso e theolela ho ka linako tse ling -20⁰S. Haufi le Atlas Mountains e tšoauoa ka pula bohlokoa nakong ea mariha. Sebakeng sena ho na le hangata e meroallo.

Nakong ea lehlabula e le holim 'hare tsa liphula le sehlabeng se matla futhumala, mocheso ka' na fihle + 50⁰S. Bosiu, ka fapana le hoo, haholo pholileng le frosts khafetsa.

The dimela koahela sekoahelo Atlas fetola ha ho fallela ho tloha libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle le ka hare. Lower matsoapo a koahetsoeng ka meru ea lifate dwarf palema, lulang se le setala bushland le meru ea diporopo the oak. Matsoapo e phahameng di koahetsoeng ka meru ea japanese yew le Atlas kedare. Ka hare ho naha liphula, sehlabeng le mobu letsoai fokolang ba seka-mahoatateng le masabasabeng omileng.

Phahameng lithabeng ho na le Alpine makhulo, e fapana ka mefuta sebopeho bona tsa makhulo lithaba tsa Europe. Ba Itlhahisa ka holimo tsa orilla bosula le bo sa limela, 'me karolo e khōlō ea selemo li koahetsoeng ka lehloa. Ka mosiko boroa teng libakeng tsa lehoatata le oases linako tse ling.

Phoofolo World Atlas e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liphoofolo tsa Afrika le Southern Europe: 'mè e mong, jerboa, hares, mafiritšoane, liphokojoe, likatse tse hlaha le civets. Ka mafika fumanoa Barbary Macaque le linoha tse ngata le mekholutsoane.

Population Phahameng le bo Hare Atlas concentrated mosikong oa maralla le liphula, moo naha e nosetsoang le sebetswa tlas'a masimong mohloaare, dilamunu, le lijalo tse ling. Ka terraces ba matsoapo a lithaba morara ba hōlile. Baahi ba moo ba boela ba kopanela ho ikatisa likhomo, ho lema lijo-thollo ka thata, alpha - ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa tlhahisong ea pampiri e metle.