Anarcho-bokhaphithaliste: tlhaloso, mehopolo, matšoao

"Moferefere" - nako e ka likelellong tsa batho ba bangata ba ke ho tsoana le ho khopolo ea "pherekano", "pherekano." Leha ho le joalo, ka kahisano le saense ea lipolotiki, lentsoe lena le na le moelelo o fapaneng. A sehloohong sena a re hlahlobisiseng ka kgopolo ya go ya, hlahang ho yona, lithuto tsa motheo le litaelo tsa anarchism. Re sekaseka ka hloko tataiso ena ka anarcho-bokhaphithaliste. ke eng e le hantle lona le, ho fapana le libakeng tse ling tsa anarchism? Re tla leka ho fumana hore hamorao sehloohong sena.

khopolo

Anarchism - le phedisano le-ea lipolotiki le ea moruong thuto, eo negates hore ho hlokahala hore ho ba teng ha mmuso. Ho tla ba molemong oa balemi nyenyane 'me likhoebo tse nyenyane ba bile ba hanyetsa ho lithahasello tsa mekhatlo e kgolo.

Ho na le tšōmo hore anarchism - ke e nngwe ya mekhoa ea bososhiale. O ile ha thehoa ka likelellong tsa rōna ka mor'a Phetohelo le Ntoa ea Lehae ea: a popota motsoalle oa Bolsheviks ka naha ea Ukraine morao-rao e se e telele bile e anarchists Nestora Mahno.

Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se fosahetseng ka ho feletseng. Anarchism, 'me haholo-holo e mong oa celow podrozy lona - anarcho-bokhaphithaliste - ho fapana le hoo, latolang pōpo ba mekhatlo e kholo ea sechaba. Bososhiale - ka sethaleng sa pele sa bokomonisi - le hoja ho akarelletsa ho bōptjoa ha e le 'ngoe setjhabeng hlokang leeme le e lekanang, empa karolo e ka sehloohong ea Puso eo hlooho le e lokela ho ba "batho ba nepahetseng." - the Bolsheviks, ea Bososhiale-Revolutionaries, proletarians, joalo-joalo e le hantle, mokhoa ona o boetse o bitsoa ka ho bōptjoa mekhatlo e feela, ho fapana ho bokhaphithaliste, le mong'a 'ngoe feela - puso.

Motheong filosofi ea anarchism ke individualism, subjectivism le voluntarism.

litaelo

Ho fihlela joale, ho na le likarolo tse peli tse khōlō tsa anarchism:

1. Individualist anarchism.
2. Anarcho-bososhiale.

Ideologically, ho ke ke ka ho feletseng tse peli litaelo bo fapaneng. Ba kopane le 'ngoe feela - ka maikutlo a ho tlohela mmuso. maikutlo a mang kaofela li fapane ka ho feletseng. Anarcho-bososhiale ena le hoo, o bua ka adrift letšehali, hammoho le bokomonisi, bososhiale le tse ling tse anarcho-individualism -. Ho ena le hoo, ho ke ke tseleng e nepahetseng. melao-motheo ea lona pele Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard le ba bang. diyuniti ka bobedi ba boetse ba aroloa ka melapo e fapaneng, e mong le e ba tse nang le maikutlo a ea eona e ho batho kapa dithulaganyo tse ling.

The litaelo tsa sehlooho tsa individualism

Individualist anarchism e arotsoe libakeng tse latelang:

1. Anarcho-bokhaphithaliste. Re ke ke ntlha pente ea hae, e le sebakeng sena li tla neheloa ho ba bangata la lihlooho tsa rona.
2. Anarcho-feminism. mokhatlo oo o ile a qala ka United States qalong ea XX lekholong la lilemo la. A moemeli hlaheletseng e ka nkoa e le Emma Goldman - "Red Emma". Mosali enoa o ne a fallela ho tloha Russia pele phetohelo, 'me ba ile ba lula United States. Anarcho-feminists hape hanyetsa boemo ba ka koloi bakeng sa qobella bopa dikgopolo tsa tloaelo tiisitsoeng likamano tsa lelapa, thuto, 'me likarolo bong. Emma Goldman ne kajeno e ne e le mosireletsi ea chesehang litokelo tsa botho, e neng e tla tsoela pele ho loanela ho lekana basali, bakeng sa litokelo tsa manyenyane thobalano, joalo-joalo Marriage, o ne a nahana, -. Ena ke tsela e tloaelehileng konteraka ya moruo pakeng tsa monna le mosali. Le maikutlo ana 'me a oela holim' a boima ka ilibana ka lipuo, libuka phatlalatsa lekholo tse fetileng, ha setjhabeng Bophirimela a lula ba bolumeli ba eona le traditionalism.
3. Tala anarchism - lebisa tlhokomelo ho bothata ea ho sireletsa tikoloho.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - bitsa hore a tlohele ho theknoloji e phahameng, e leng, ka maikutlo a bona, feela matlafatsa boemo ba ba boholong le tshebetso. Le ba bang.

The litaelo khōlō ea anarcho-bososhiale

Anarcho-bososhiale - ka mokhoa oo ka batla ntoa e khahlanong le mofuta ofe kapa ofe ba hanyapetsang, thepa poraefete ka sesosa e kgolo ya stratification ea sechaba (stratification) sechabeng ka barui le mafutsana. maikutlo a joalo e ne e le ka likelellong tsa anarchist Nestor Makhno nakong ea phetohelo le ntoa ea lehae. Tataiso e fapaneng ho tloha Bolshevism classic feela ke taba ea hore ea bobeli ba batlang hore mohatelli ea proletariat e, ke hore,. E. Pōpo sebele oa sehlopha sa 'ngoe holim'a e' ngoe. Anarcho-bososhiale, 'me ho hang ba latola boteng ba sehlopha sa leha e le efe se busang kapa caste. libakeng tse hae o ka sehloohong:

1. Mutualism (myutyualizm). E thehiloe molao-motheo oa thuso bobeli, tokoloho, boithaopo konteraka. Mothehi oa tšekamelo ea lumela Pierre Zhozefa Prudona, bao mosebetsi oa hlaha lilemong tsa bo-XVIII, pele ba a qetella a thehoa maqhubu anarchist.
2. Anarcho-bokomonisi. Batšehetsi ba mokhatlo oa sena ba lumela hore ho hlokahala hore ho bōpa e ho intša e laolang le motseng, e leng lokela ho hlophisoa ka tšebeliso kopanetsweng tsa mokhoa oa ho fana ka tlhahiso.
3. Collectivist anarchism kapa tse khōlō collectivism. Batšehetsi ba mokhatlo oa sena ipilelitse ho liha 'tseleng Revolutionary. Ho fapana le mekhoa fetileng, anarcho-collectivists nahana hore mong le e mong sechabeng lokela ho fumana tefo ka toka e thehiloeng melemo bona. Banal "batalatsa", ka maikutlo a bona, ho tla etsa hore motho a le boima ba likokoana-hloko tse "likokoana-hloko" e tla etsa tshebediso ya mosebetsi o boima ho ba bang.
4. Anarcho-syndicalism. Ho bua ka mokhatlo oa mosebetsi o boima. batšehetsi ba hae ba atisa ho lahla tsamaiso ea moputso mosebetsi o boima le thepa poraefete. Mokhoa oa ho fana ka tlhahiso ba bona sesosa sa karohano ea sechaba ka beng le bahiruoa. Le ba bang.

Ka bomalimabe, sehloohong e mong ke ho le thata ho ka bokhutšoanyane fetisa se tšoane ka sehloohong pakeng tsa tataiso ea anarchism. Leha ho le joalo, ka mantsoe a seng makae re ka re anarcho-bokhaphithaliste - o ne a bolela'ng fapaneng anarcho-bososhiale. Ho qetela ka botlalo disclaims mehopolo efe kapa efe ya thepa ea boinotšing, bokhaphithaliste, mosebetsi o boima ba hiriloeng. Ntlha ea pele, ho fapana le hoo, o ile a amohela likhopolo tsena. Bakeng sa lintlha tse eketsehileng mabapi le ho tla tšohloa hamorao ka sehlooho se reng.

Tšimoloho ea anarcho-bokhaphithaliste

Anarcho-bathapi tataiso e hape ho thoeng ke "libertarian anarchism". Ka lekhetlo la pele poleloana e reng o ne a le qapiloe ke Murray Rothbard. Ho hlaha ha mokhoa ona khale ho sixties ea lekholong la lilemo la XX United States. Leha motheo oa lona mogopolofela le metse ka metso ka bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XIX, mesebetsi ea theorists maraka, e 'ngoe ea tseo e ne e le Gustave de Khao Molinari.

hakaalo kgopolo

Market anarchism - tsejoang hape e le anarcho-bokhaphithaliste - thehiloe ho lumela ho mahala rua thepa poraefete. O latolang mmuso e le mokgatlo wa matla, hobane sitisa ho tšehetsoa ke 'marakeng e le tlhōlisano. Ka nako eo, e tummeng Raliphetoho - Yegor Gaidar - ile a re, " 'marakeng tla beha tsohle sebakeng sa eona." Leha ho ba tona-khōlō ea Russia 'me e ne e se' muelli oa filosofi ena, empa hore kahlolo ea hae ho amahanngoa mong oa mehopolo maraka anarchism. Lejoe la sekhutlo la beha taba ea likamano tsa 'maraka free, tlameletsoe motheong ea boithaopo. Ke molao-motheo ona le ho mo sebeletsa ho thehoa ha sechaba se tsitsitse, eo ka boeona e ka hlophisa puso ea molao, bopa semolao bona moralo wa, ho sireletsoa le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tse hlokahalang, a hlophisa ka tlhōlisano e khoebo.

lipakane tsa

Sam Murray Rothbard hlokomela hore mmuso -. E, ka ho ya ka morao-rao, e neng e hlophisitsoe sehlopha senokoane hore a kopanela le hantle tlatlapang ka makhetho, ditefello, mesebetsi, dilaesense, joalo-joalo Hoo e ka bang tsohle tse teng kajeno mebuso bathapi fetohile fela fela ya magnates kgolo lichelete. Bokhaphithaliste, ho ea ka theorist - ke predominance oa beng ba nyenyane, 'me kajeno re bona hore likhoebo tse nyenyane lefatšeng ka bophara e lahleheloa ke tsela ea eona ka ho mafapha ohle a moruo. Ho ena le ho ba likete ba bagwebi tse nyenyane, re paka ka mogul kgolo, e fetela le tšusumetso ea oona ka linaheng tse ngata.

Ka hona, le libertarianism morao-rao le anarchism ipehetse lipakane tloaelehile hore batho ba le mososhaliste le a makomonisi a itshola - kaofela ba ile ba bitsa ho senya tsamaiso ea teng, e leng e se e bile teng lefatšeng.

Lintlha Tse ka odara e tlang ea sechaba

Ka tataiso ena filosofi bahlahlobisisi ba bangata ba tsa moruo, bo-rasaense ba lipolotiki le setsebi sa kahisano. Esita le Socialists le Makomonisi le mehopolo ea "bokamoso bo khanyang", "tekano ea sechaba", "" tokoloho, "bara ba motho" le se ke la bitsa ho tlohela boemo ba e le regulator tsa likamano tsa sechaba. Empa theorist o ka sehloohong oa anarcho-bokhaphithaliste - Murray Rothbard - ho fapana le hoo, o ile a phehella ho feletseng lahla eona. Joale, ba lokela ho sebetsa le sechaba bathapi oo thepa poraefete boa halalela lokela ho sireletsoa? Ho etsa sena, bōpa e dibopeho tshireletso poraefete, e leng lokela sebetsa ka lebaka la tlhōlisano. Ha baa lokela ho chelete ho tloha makhetho, le ho tswa le metheo poraefete. mosebetsi Personal le a moruo ba lokela ho tataisoa ke melao ea tlhaho, e 'maraka le ka thuso ea molao poraefete. Society, ho ea ka theorists tsa tataiso filosofi, intuitively utloisisa hore na u lokela ho phela nakong e tlang e haufi. Batho ba tla tela ngata litlōlo tsa molao, e le ho ke ke mmuso le e motso oa thōmo ea bona.

Na hoa khoneha ho kenya likhopolo tsa libertarianism?

Batho ba bangata ba nahana hore khopolo ea ho feletseng libertarian maemo a phethahetseng. Ha ba ntse ba bolela 'nete ea hore mofuta oa batho ba ke ke ke ha khoneha ho felisa lintho tse mpe joalo batho joaloka mohono, bohale, ho eka, takatso ea ho nka sebelisa monyetla oa ho ea mosebetsi o boima a ba bang, le takatso ea ho rua e mong le thepa,' me ba bang hopola teko kelello e le khang ka sehloohong :. "Ha suphamaketeng eo u tla bona, lihlahisoa hore ha ho motho ho sireletsa seo u se etsang? ". Karabo e nepahetseng e tla ba e 'ngoe hore fana ka lihlahisoa ka lebenkeleng la ho utsoa. likarabo tse ling li nkoa ke litsebi tsa kelello ho se tšepahale, pata mofuta oa 'nete oa taba ena. E. O ke ke ua fetola tsela eo batho ba, kahoo o ile a ipaka ka bona, ka ntle ho thuso ea matla a Link regulator, ha ho ithuta ho phela "le letona." mehopolo All eo li etselitsoe ho fetola sebōpeho sa batho ka ho bōptjoa ha maemo a fapaneng tsa sechaba, li nkoa e le utopian. Ka lebaka leo, anarchism maraka lokela ho nkoa e le joalo. Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba lumela hore libertarianism ka ho sebediswa. Ho finyella sena, maemo a itseng lokela ho etsahala. Ba bua ka ho feta mona ka tlase.

The maemo a bakeng sa ho phethahatsa khopolo ea anarchism maraka

Kahoo, likhopolo tsa Murray Rothbard hlokomela, ba lokela ho ba teng maemo a latelang:

1. Busa dietiki matla. Sechabeng seo ho sona sohle se rekileng le rekiswang, ho ke ho le thata ho ruta motho e ka ba le moea oa "kahoo, u ka se", "ha e ntle", joalo-joalo Kajeno, re bona hore le bana ba multimillionaires tlōlang melao eohle: .. Ba sa hlompheng meeli e lebelo ka litsela, ho ka etsahala ho rohakoa baemeli ba molao le taolo, ho bua ho nyefola tsa naha eo ba phelang ho tsona, joalo-joalo "ba tloaelehileng" baahi ba boitšoaro bo joalo ho ka ke ea tšoareloa :. ba le tšekamelo ea ho fumana kotlo e matla ka ho fetisisa. Feela moo boleng ba boitshwaro le tokoloho hlōla chelete ka thata, ho ka etsahala hore a hahe setjhabeng loketseng.
2. Pōpo le ya ditheo tse 'maloa. Haeba boemo e ha le a fumanwa, mosebetsi lona lokela phethahatsa diinstitusene tsa tse ling tsa sechaba. Ba lokela ho ba le matla a ho le bolaoli tla ho seng joalo ba se nang thuso. Boemo ka sehloohong - ho na le e lokela ho ba ba bang ba, kapa ho e-na mofuta o mong oa puso, re fumana e 'ngoe: Puso ea Molimo, leloko, bokhaphithaliste hlaha le ba bang.
3. Momahaneng tsamaiso ea melao ea boitšoaro. Libertarianstskaya tsamaiso e khopo e tla sebetsa feela ha litho tsohle tsa sechaba hore ba mamele likhopolo tsa anarcho-bokhaphithaliste. Ha u bona palo e khōlō ea batho ba ileng ba hlokomoloha melao-motheo ea le mekhatlo ea matla a lona, tsamaiso ea tla heletsa ka potlako.

Tšoantšetso ea anarcho-bokhaphithaliste

Re koahela khopolo ea ho libertarianism. Re ho se hokae ka tšoantšetso ka. Banner anarcho- bokhaphithaliste nkoa folakha botsho le mosehla. Black mmala - letšoao e tloaelehileng ea anarchism. Yellow - tšoantšetsa khauta, e mahareng tsa phapanyetsano mmarakeng ntle ho kenella 'muso. Black-and-bosehla folakha e fumanoa embodiments tse sa tšoaneng. Ha ho na le tokisetso e ka thata-thata ea lipalesa. Ka linako tse ling e na le litšoantšo tse fapaneng: moqhaka, pontšo ya dollar, 'me ba bang.

Anarcho-bokhaphithaliste ho Russia

Naheng ya rona batho ba seng bakae ba lumela Market anarchism. Re na le, haeba ba balateli ba anarchism, ho ke ho ena le batšehetsi ba anarcho-syndicalism, e bopa subcultures tse fapa-fapaneng tsa bocha. Setsebi sa kahisano, supa hore neoanarhisty ea kajeno, e le busa, le se ke la utloisisa likhopolong tsa motheo tsa anarcho-syndicalism, ba sebelisa feela matšoao - e khubelu 'me a ba batsho lifolakha. Ha liketsahalo tsohle tse amang ba e phetseng hantle, hangata feela-ba khahlanong le Bofasista mapetjo.

Sepheo neoanarhizma Russia

Morao-rao neoanarhichesky ipelaetsa ka Russia mohlomong feela bao e seng ho latela mekha molao-motheo o ka ntle boithaopo, laoleheng matla. baeta-pele ba lona ba lumela hore sepheo sa mokhatlo - ntoa khahlanong fascism, hammoho le lisosa tsa lona - bokhaphithaliste, e baka ho se lekane phedisano le ho falla ka eona foromo joale.