"Admiral Lazarev", ea nyutlelie tsamaisoa cruiser: histori le lintho tse khethollang

Lerumo cruisers - e batlang e le ncha mofuta oa likepe, o hōletse sa tswa cruisers khale le a biography ruileng, 'me ha thehoa mola o arohaneng ka shipbuilding lefatše motheong oa destroyers. A ikhethang ntshetsopeleng bona o ile a nka sehlotshwana la likepe tsa ntoa ea nyutlelie.

'Me ho tloha ba ne ba bōpiloe ba ho khanna ntoa ea nyutlelie, ho ne ba se na ba setso tšireletso ea mehaho. Le karolo ea displacement e, a reretsoe ho ho tswela pele ka ntoa tse boima, ikakhele ka setotsoana ho feta le ho feta mefuta e mecha ea libetsa le bona 'me fetola tjhelete ya tshebediso ya matla, hammoho le libaka tsa ho basesisi ba, e leng e boetse e fetohile ditlhoko, haholo-holo ka likepe reretsoe ho tsamaya nako e telele tse ikemetseng.

"Orlan" porojeke e ne

sesoleng e ne e thehiloe tlhagisa ntlha ea ho bōpa liner se nang moeli boikemelo a leoatle, a ne a lokela ho maoatle ea lefatše ho ea ho batla, 'me joale timetsa ea nyutlelie lerumo submarines.

Leningrad Northern Design Bureau amohela Tor bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea morero e ncha, o bitsoa "lihlooho tsa" 'me palo ea 1144. Morero o akarelletsa ho ea moo tshireletso sekemeng ea libetsa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sekgahla sa ho lerumo ngongoregong ka. Ka lebaka leo, boholo ba libetsa tsa ho patiloe ka tlas'a mokato oo e le.

Sera se ka sehloohong sa ho sekepe se secha o ne a lokela lifofane sera sa matla. Le ho sebetsana le eona ka ho thaepa tsa moea tshireletso e fapaneng ya molao-motheo oa ketso le caliber. metsu-ba khahlanong le sekepe ba ne ba ne a rerile hore ntoa lifofane bajari.

Project 1144 e ne e le haholo atoloswa ka mor'a nako, tlatsana le recycled. All hlaka loomed ponahalo ea multipurpose warship. E jele 'ngoe ea sekepe latelang e ne e le tlhophiso ea ho qetela, e ile ea e-ba boima ea nyutlelie-tsamaisoa lerumo cruiser.

Analogues hohle makhabane a likepe tsa "Orlan" (naheng e 'ngoe ho fumana tlotla Kirov-sehlopha sa battlecruiser bitsoang pele Tarka) se nang sona. Kakaretso displacement cruiser ke hoo e ka bang 26 tse sekete tonnes, ha esita le tloaelo e hahiloeng lerumo cruiser le tsa nyutlelie ophthalmogyric USN "Long Beach" ka makhetlo a mong le halofo ka tlaase ho moo.

'Muso oa Soviet Union, e ne e etsa qeto ea ho haha likepe tsa ntoa tse' nè tsa sehlopha sena.

Ka mor'a ho rala pele cruiser moralo e se e phetheloa, le cruisers tharo hahileng bakeng sa porojeke e ne 11442. likepe tsohle tse fapaneng ka mofuta le palo ea libetsa. Ho ile ba nahana hore likoloi tsohle le tla li hlometse ka mosebetsi o motjha, empa hase bohle ba mefuta ea libetsa li 'nile tsa kenngoa ho hlahisoeng boima,' me a phaella ka ba e be le teng. Ka lebaka leo, feela cruiser qetela tšoana le morero hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng.

Project 1144 likepe

Tarka "Kirov", thehiloe a 1977 nakong ea selemo, o ile a ho sebetsa ka matsatsi a ho qetela a bo-1980. Ka 1992 o ne a li akarelletsa ka Northern Fleet ba Federation Russia tlas'a lebitso le lecha "Admiral Ushakov" le ile decommissioned ka 2004. Joale emetse lahla.

Next ne e le "Frunze", o ile a theha lehlabuleng la 1978 'me a tla ho sebetsa ka hoetla ka 1984. Lebitso le lecha la sekepe - "Admiral Lazarev". Ea nyutlelie cruiser feela ea "Orlan" likepe porojeke e ne o ile a sebeletsa ka Pacific Fleet.

"Kalinin" Tarka rala le ba bang ba tsitse, nakong ea selemo ka 1983, o ile a ho sebetsa ho elella bofelong ba 1988. Hamorao e ile ea tsejoa e le "Admiral Nakhimov". Ke hona joale ka Severodvinsk bakeng sa ho lokisa le ho tla ba ka 2018 isoa Northern Fleet.

"Admiral Lazarev", ea nyutlelie tsamaisoa cruiser, ho modernization tsa e leng e ka qala feela ka mor'a hore Severodvinsk ka ho lahloa le sekepe pele ea letoto la lihlooho tse, kapa ho tsosolosa ka ho feletseng 'me o tla nka sebaka sa tšebeletso "Admiral Nakhimov", emetse qetello bona ka quay leboteng remzavoda Pacific .

Kaho ea sekepe ea bone, ho phethoa karolong e qalang ea eo e ne e tsoa ho putlama ea USSR 'me ntlheng ena, phokotso bohale dithuso tsa ditjhelete, jala ka lilemo tse ngata. Thehiloe a 1986, eitse ho sebetsa feela ka 1998. Empa hona joale ho flagship tsa Northern Fleet, "Petr Veliky" feela etsa tšebeletso.

ya data Technical cruiser

Kahoo, hona joale "Admiral Lazarev", ea nyutlelie haheletsoe cruiser, bolelele ba tsona e 252, bophara - 28,5 le magweregwere - limithara tse fetang 9, "Orlan" ke sekepe sa bobeli sa mosebetsi ona. Forecastle cruiser e ka bang 70% ea bolelele sekepe. E e arotsoe ke bulkheads neleng ka liphaposi lesomethataro. Pota moaho o 5 ikhabisang. The mokatong aft e hlomelloa le hangar bakeng liroala-nkhoana tse tharo le phahamisa ka bona bakeng sa pepa, mehaho polokelo bakeng sa mafura le liqhomane. Main tse bonahalang superstructures - aluminium-magnesium lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.

Kakaretso pehelo ka cruiser ho na le, empa tlase ke habeli sireletsa tshenyo ntoeng, 'me ka waterline ho fetela le ho pota botenya ba thatafetseng letlalo lebanta, bophahamo ba eona e - 1 limithara ka tlase waterline le 2,5 limithara ka holimo ho.

matlafatsoa tšireletso ea

Armored Tshireletso thehoa enjene le melena le lishelofo lerumo cellars helikopthara hangar cellars mahlaahlela, polokelo ea mafura. Sirelelitsoe ke libetsa, ba ka sehloohong setsi taelo ea pele ea sekepe le ho loantša ho setsi sa tlhahisoleseding.

"Admiral Lazarev" - cruiser ea nyutlelie eo litšobotsi tse lumella lekanyetsoang nako ba ka tsamaya ikemetseng ka melena nyutlelie. Le ka litanka le ka lebelo o ile a re ho ka ba le leoatleng matsatsi a 1000.

palo e kahodimodimo displacement lona - boima ba lithane tse 26,2 tse sekete. Ka tanka ea thusang ka fihla lebelo la nodes lesomesupa le tlhomamiso mathomo - 31 mafito, kapa onshore lekanya 57 km SE / H.

matla a dimela

"Admiral Lazarev" - ea nyutlelie cruiser Motors tse sebetsa ka mafura a nyutlelie.

Matla a dimela le a-lehare hlano woman stage mafahla-theko. Ho na le metsi-folisoa pedi melena mogote bao matla a - 600 MW, ba babeli ba mouoane turbines palo yohle bokgoni 140 ka lilemo tse likete. e.

Sebopeho sa e mong le e tsa dikarolo tse peli tse ikemetseng mouoane fehla motlakase tlhomamiso le akarelletsa tsamaiso ea melena le lisebelisoa tokiso. PRP ke ka melena lekareche. Ka lehlakoreng le ka nko ea hae 'me karolo e ka morao ea sekepe se ke mouoane-turbine dimela tsa likarolo tse peli tse ikemetseng, le e mong le e ba bona ba sebetsa ka mola lona.

Cruiser feela le fallback fana turbines mouoane. Km gana litanka mafura manyolo ho hlahisa lithane tse 115 tsa mouoane ka hora e mong.

Steam le condensate o etsoang tsoa ka boto ea mong se makala a leha e le efe marangrang phala.

Ship motlakase e fanoa ke ba bane turbine jenereithara, le matla a ea e mong le ba bona ba - 3000 KW, 'me tse' nè khase turbine ea 1500 KW e mong. Ba behoa ka liphaposi tse 'nè.

Sena se nolofalletsa ba semela le matla a ho fana ka motlakase le mocheso ho e leng motsana o ka bang 150 ho tse sekete ea baahi.

metsu

Tarka "Admiral Lazarev" - cruiser nyutlelie, ba hlometseng ka metsu,-ba khahlanong le lifofane, libetsa, torpedo-ka go tlaleletswa ke sefofane.

Ka sehloohong hlollang matla a sekepe - the mashome a mabeli-ba khahlanong le lerumo tsamaiso ea (RCC) "Granit" - supersonic Bay lerumo lonthja boima ba tonnes 7, le tlaase-fofang ka korotse ka mefuta e fapaneng ya tse fetang 600. km SE. Ba ba sebakeng tsoibilang ka tlase mokatong ka seqha. The bophahamo angle e 47 °.

Marumo a sefofane a ikemetseng, e mong oa bona ka banadores e fofelang holimo e mong le laola, aba pakane e ka pel'a sepheo flak tsohle ba etsa ipetlela litsela thata.

Bakeng sa haufi le itšireletsa cruiser hlomamisa ka mahlakoreng a mabeli ka seqha superstructure Sam "Osa-MA" le tsomule habeli-girder metsu Pu 40.

Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa tshireletso hole libaka cruiser - tse peli-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo rarahaneng C-300F "qhobosheane", le tsoibilang tse tsheletseng paatsepama qala e mong.

Pu le e mong o reretsoeng ho simolleng-up of metsu robeli, ke hore, sekepe se bohle ba ka lokolla 96 metsu ka nako. Lipakane tse airspeed ho fihlela ho 1.3 km SE / set lao, "Fort" khona ho otla ka e leng sebaka sa 75 km le ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse 25 ho ea ho 25 tse sekete.

Libetsa le-ba khahlanong le lifofane libetsa

Ea nyutlelie lerumo cruiser "Admiral Lazarev" o ne a loketseng e le libetsa le libetsa tse peli-sethunya turret 130 limilimithara AK-130, o lutse ka e matla le M-184 mollo oona tsamaisong taolo e ka ka nako Track merero ea tse peli. Tsekaletse lithunya ka etsa 180 °, fehlang theolela ho ho -10 ° le e phahameng ho 85 °.

sete ena ea bokahohleng e ka mollo moeeng, merero mose le onshore ka lebelo la garela ho fihlela ho 86 ka motsotso ho e leng sebaka sa 25 km SE.

"Admiral Lazarev" - athomo cruiser flak haufi tšimo e neng e emeloa ke diphanele tse 'nè tsa tse peli tse tšeletseng moqomo 30 limilimithara AK-630M le se le seng mahlaahlela projectiles 48 likete ..

antisubmarine armament

Boima ea nyutlelie lerumo cruiser "Admiral Lazarev" le libetsa khahlanong lerumo tsamaiso e khopo e ile a hlomelloa le "phororo" Lata-torpedo kapa 84RN 83RN dikai ba matha ho tloha methapo torpedo mahlakoreng a sekepe. Lata dived ka metsing ka botebo enjene li matha, ho tsamaea ka sefofane ka moeeng 'me a fihla phofung ea ka e leng sebaka sa 60 km SE. Feela ho na le ne a arohane warhead - 400 limilimithara homing torpedo UMGT-1 kapa tsa nyutlelie qoso botebo. Mahlaahlela ne mashome a mararo Lata-torpedoes.

Ka seqha sa ho ngola arabelang dvenadtsatistvolny 213 limilimithara likanono RBU-6000 "Twister-2", 'me ka karolo e ka morao - tse pedi likanono 303-limilimithara 6 RBU-1000 "Twister-3'.

lebothong leo

"Admiral Lazarev" - cruiser nyutlelie, e thehiloeng boto lifofane detachment tloha liroala-nkhoana tse tharo tse boima kapa tobisitsweng ho diphetolo khahlanong ho itšetlehile ka maikemisetso le. Ba ile ba ka phetha mesebetsi ya setjha le pholoso, reconnaissance le shebiloeng kgetho, antisubmarine search. Ho phaella ho hangar ka tlase mphahamisetsa mokatong le poloko mahlaahlela, cruiser e ile a hlomelloa ka lulisa sethaleng ka poso e matla le tsamaiso ea lifofane le hlokahala thepa tsamaya. Bakeng sa basebetsi liphaposi tse arohaneng li ile tsa fana ka.

Cruisers ea morero ona oa pele oa ho fumana e joalo e pokello displacement ho ba khona ho pata tlas'a mokato, 'me koloi e le mafura phepelo ho bona.

libetsa Radar le mekhoa ea puisano

"Admiral Lazarev" - cruiser ea nyutlelie le libetsa Newest elektronike. E ne e akarelletsa ho lekoloe radar Mr-600 "Sunrise" le MP-710M "Frigate-M", ho kopantswe ka radar tsamaiso e khopo "folakha" ho tsamaea leoatleng "Vaigach" liteishene tse peli, liteishene tse peli lemoha tlaase o fofang "loantša" merero tsamaiso "Drive-In "tsamaya bakeng liroala-nkhoana.

"Cantata-M" elektroniki bohlale le ntoa ea elektronike atlehe rarahaneng. Ke mokhoa oa ho countering tšoaroa le tsoibilang tse peli mafahla rarahaneng decoy le garela mahlaahlela 400, towed torpedo shebiloeng ba bohata le shumogeneratorom matla.

The-le-moea e rarahaneng "Leholiotsoana 2" e ne e ba litsamaiso puisano wavelengths fapaneng, ho akarelletsa le li-satellite "tsunami e-BM".

Ho laola le tsamaiso ea ntoeng lesedi taolo (CICS) "kotulang 44".

basesisi

Ea nyutlelie lerumo cruiser "Admiral Lazarev", joalo-joalo 1144/11442, o ile a sebeletsa ke le basebetsi ba tsa batho ba fetang ba makholo a supileng, ho akarelletsa le liofisiri tse 100 ho ea 120.

Bakeng sa bahlanka le balaoli ba warantha etselitsoeng masoha le habeli liphaposi tsa basesisi le balaoli ba nyenyane - Kubrick etselitsoeng batho 6-30. Litho lahla sehlopha na libaka tsa ho tola ba babeli, e leng Sauna, le letamo boholo ba 6 × 2.5 limithara, lishaoara lesometlhano, lefapha la bongaka le X-ray unit trust le raka, lefapha outpatient, kamoreng tsa ho sebelisa mehaho, phekolo ea bakuli le famasi.

Bakeng sa boikhathollo, ho cruiser na tharo mess-kamoreng, liphate, tlelaseng ea boikoetliso.

'Me ho ntse ba palame sekepe seo ho amohela TV hao studio, elevators tharo le corridors mane a metso e robong ba hoo e ka bang mashome a mabeli a km.

cruiser fetileng

"Admiral Lazarev", ea nyutlelie haheletsoe cruiser, eo jereng lebitso "Frunze" ho fihlela ka 1992, ho tloha ka 1984 ho 1996 nkeloa sebaka likamore boto 'maloa: 190, 050, 028, lewis 014, telefona 058, lewis 010, 015.
cruiser The ile a qala, o ile a laela nakong ea selemo ka 1981 ho tla ea hoetla ka 1984 le hoetla ya 1985 entseng le phetoho Baltic ho ngolang ka Khabarovsk.

Tseleng Tarka ipiletsang ka likoung ka Angola Luanda, Aden Boroa Yemen le likoung tse 'maloa tsa Vietnam.

Ho putlama ha Soviet Union se ile sa etsa hore ba le mathata a tebileng, ho akarelletsa le Navy. Ho fihlela joale, le boiteko bo matla ba ho tlatswa sekepe ho qetela ea letoto la lihlooho tse, pele a mabeli a ile a tla lokisoeng hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng. Ka 90-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ho tloha ntoa matla tsa likepe "Admiral Lazarev" Ke ile ka kenngoa ka paballo ya nako e telele 'me ba ho khina ka Bay Abrek. Qetellong ea lekholo la e ne e ikemiselitse ho senya, ka nako eo ba ile ba batla karolo e nyenyane ea chelete le bakeng sa ho lokisa tsa e 'ngoe ea mehaho e lokisa lebatowa.

Ho elella bofelong ba 2002, ka mollo e ile ea qhoma ka boto sekepe se e 'ngoe ea Kubrick. Ka mollo ho loantša lihora tse 'nè, empa lefile theoha hantle. Lilemo tse peli hamorao, ho cruiser hlobola tsa nyutlelie dimela matla.

Kahoo morao ka 2011 o ile a talima "Admiral Lazarev", ea nyutlelie tsamaisoa cruiser (photo photo photo photo mona ka tlase).

cruiser nakong e tlang

Ha a ntse a sekepe e bolokiloeng, ipotsa ka qetello ea hae e se nang thuso. qeto ea ho modernize qeto, empa hore na e tla tšoaroa neng, 'me ho isa bohōleng bofe, o hlola ka ho ho tla bonahala.

"Admiral Lazarev" - ea nyutlelie cruiser modernization e leng lokela ho tšoaroa ka fokotsa ho tsosolosoeng botekgeniki porojeke e ne Tarka "Admiral Nakhimov", e hona joale e neng e tšoaretsoe ka boema-kepe oa ho lokisa ho ea tsosolosa buoyancy 30 Shipyard Pacific Fleet me o lebeletse ho liphetoho ho eketsehileng ka bophelo ba hae.

A re re kajeno mane vysokoavtonomnyh Tarka mocheng le mong feela, e ntse e le sa sesole kholo ka ho fetisisa le matla ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le ka tlelaseng ea eona. Tsa pele le feela ka holimo-metsi a likepe tsa nyutlelie tsa Soviet Union, 'me hamorao ea Russia Navy, ba se nang analogues lefatšeng.