Acid manyolo ka 'ngoe ea bophelo ba rōna

acid Organic ke dintho tsa tlhaho le thepa acid e ke a mofuta o hloekileng dimela, hammoho le ho nka sebōpeho sa letsoai kapa esters - tsa metsoako manyolo

Le boemong ba lokolohile joalo polybasic acid hydroxy fumanoa hangata ka tholoana eo, komponeng e tšoauoa ka le sebaka sa pele ho thepa ea motheo e tse ling tsa semela seo tse kang bakoa, siea, 'me joalo-joalo. Ha o sheba acid e manyolo, lethathamo bona o hōla kamehla, 'me ka kakaretso ha ea koaloa, e le hore e ka mehla ntlafalitsoeng. acid se bonahalang tse kang:

- adipic acid e,

benzoic,

-dihloruksusnaya,

-valerianovaya,

-glikolievaya,

-glutarovaya,

citric,

-maleinovaya,

-margarinovaya,

-butyric,

lactic,

-monohloruksusnaya,

-muravinaya,

propionic,

-salitsilovaya,

-triftoruksusnaya,

-fumarovaya,

acetic,

-schavelevaya,

-yablochnaya,

succinic tse ngata le acid tse ling tse phelang.

Hangata, dintho tsena e ka fumanoa litholoana le melee limela. Ka dimela tholoana kenyeletsa apricots, quince, plum, morara, cherries, Pears, litholoana dilamunu le liapole, ho dimela monokotsoai hape boemo bo cranberries, cherries, blackberries, cranberries, gooseberries tse tala, currants ba batšo. Ka tsena ha e le hantle ke tartaric, citric, salicylic, oxalic, le asiti malic. Ka monokotsoai le e boetse e na acid manyolo, mme ho kenyelletswa le tse ngata tsa acid e benzoic.

Ho fihlela joale, re ne re ithuta thepa ngata acid ka ho toba naheng ea pharmacology le litla tsa likokoana-hloko ka 'mele oa motho. Mohlala:

• Ntlha ea pele, acid e manyolo - dikarolo lekaneng bohlokoa metabolism (metabolism, e leng, lihaha-'mele, mafura le lik'habohaedreite);
• bobedi ho, a etsa hore mosebetsi secretory tsa litsoelesa le mathe; kenya letsoho hore ho leka-lekana acid e-botlaaseng;
• boraro, nka karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho eketseha ha bile karohano, gastric le dijusi pancreatic;
• 'me qetellong, ke sebolaya dikokwana-hloko.

acidity bona ranges ho tloha a mane kaofela boleng ph (ph) le tse hlano le tse hlano.

Ho phaella moo, acid manyolo phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho indasteri e ea lijo ka ho toba ka liketso tsa vyyavitel boleng kapa lihlahisoa empa mafutsana boleng. Bakeng sa bobeli mokhoa tloaelo haholo sebediswa tsa chromatography Ion seo nako e ka lemoha acid e seng feela ka manyolo, empa hape ions inorganic. Ka mokhoa tse ka holimo le conductometric bonoa muting semelo sa conductivity bontša ka lebaka la hoo e ka bang makhetlo a leshome e nepahetseng ho feta tshebetso bonoa ka tlaase tsokoang-bolelele mahlaseli leseli.
Boitsebahatso Profile acid manyolo ka dijusi tholoana hase feela ho hlokahala hore ho theha boleng ba seno sa, acceptability lona bakeng sa ho sebelisoa, empa e boetse e thusa ho tlhaloso ya forgery.
Haeba u se u ntse ela hloko ka ho toba le thepa ea acid carboxylic, joale ba haholo-holo a kenyeletsa:

- ho fana ka khubelu litmus pampiri;

- habonolo qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi;

- e ho na le tatso e bolila.

Hape, ho acid carboxylic ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho lekaneng motlakase mokhanni. Ke matla a ho putlama ha acid tsohle ho matleng a sehlopha sa electrolyte fokolang, ka ntle, ka ho hlakileng, acid e formic, eo le eena o ba karolelano ea boleng le matla. Height limolek'hule boima acid e carboxylic ama matla 'me ho bola ke inversely kamano ea tekanyo e lekanang. Ka ho khetheha tse itseng tsa tšepe e ba ka khona ho arola hydrogen tswa acid e le letsoai, e leng butle haholo ho feta ho sebelisana le acid matla tse kang sulfuric kapa hydrochloric. matsoai hape hlaha ha a pepesa ho oxides motheo le makalana.