"Zenit" Lata. Booster 11K77 ( "sehlohlolong")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - sehlopha sa lipakeng, e reretsoeng ho ba tsamaisa ka Earth orbit ka mokgwa wa jarolla ka ho iketsa ya satellitari lehae le sesole le tsamaea le mothusi rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng. Ho na le two- le tse tharo-sethaleng phetolo. The parafine sebelisoa e le mafura sehlopheng WG-1 le oksijene mokelikeli.

MOHLALA baa tšebelisano

Ka potso ea lerumo "Zenit" Russia kapa Seukraine, ha ho bonolo ho araba. Ka sehloohong mehaho likarolo li etselitsoe ka Dnepropetrovsk CB "Southern" boiteko ba baenjiniere Union 'me bo-rasaense ba. Ka mor'a ho putlama ha Lefatše Union Design Bureau tlile tlas'a sebakeng se taolong ea Ukraine, ho boloka mosebetsi oa hae profil 'me a tsoela pele ntshetsopele ya "Zenit" li. Haha metsu hape o atlehe ka Dnepropetrovsk khampani "Yuzhmash".

Ho sa le joalo, moralo likarolo bohlokoa ntshetswa pele le hlahisoang ke likhoebo Serussia. Ka ho khetheha, boosters tšoaea "DM 'hlahisoa RKK" Energy ", le mokelikeli dienjini Lata RD 171 le RD-171M - NPO" ENERGOMASH ". Ka kakaretso, lik'hamphani Russia fana 70% ea likarolo ho. Re ka bolela hore "sehlohlolong" - Seukraine Lata, 'me Ho pata lona - Serussia.

History ea pōpo

CB "South" qalong e ile ntshetswa peli sethaleng Lata "sehlohlolong" le li-index 11K77 ka 1970s ea morao - bo 1980 pele ho nako, ho ea ka mosebetsi oa ho Lekala la Tšireletso la USSR na le lonthja koloi e neng e tla ho dumella ho ka potlako le ka tsela e atlehileng tlatsa sehlopha sa satellitari sesole.

Ka lebaka leo, ha e se e qapa ka lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ne a leshwa ho tšepahala, boiketlo tsa tšebeliso le lebelo la ho lokisetsa lonthja, e neng e fihlellwa ka tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea gore maemo le itsamaise. Boosters sehlopha sa boima ka tlhaloso, e ke ke ea mobile, ho joalo le ka bayemi ba tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho qapa RN sehlopha sa bohareng.

Ho fapana le tsamaiso ea ntshetswa pele ka lilemo tse ngata tse fetileng, ka moetso ona o sebelisa ho fetisisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ho koetlisa le ho qala-up, ntshetswa pele Sri SK, SE molekane "CB" Southern "mererong tse ngata.

Phethahatso ea sefofane

The qalo lonthja tsa microcyteme Lata etsahetse ka April 1985, e neng e tsela e sa tloaelehang e le repetitive. Le atlehileng. qala-ho fihlela etsoa ka October 1985. Qalong, e rarahaneng e tsepame tshebetso khumo ea satellitari sesole le tsamaiso ea o kopanetsoe-tšebeliso, empa hamorao ho ile ha e battlefield ho thakholoa ha satellitari khoebo.

A sebaka sa bobeli sa ho sebelisa phetolelo ea pele ea "Zenit-2» 11K77 ne e le ho etsa bonnete ba ho balehela seteishene sebaka "Mir" le basesisi ba le ka ho sona. Ho latela ditlhoko tsohle tsa makoloi lonthja tsamaea le mothusi rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng tse "Zenit" kaho haholo redundancy hare le nkiloe mehato tse ling tse ngata ho ntlafatsa tšepahala le ile raloa.

Moralo entsprechen ka sehloohong

"Sehlohlolong" - Lata, eo botekgeniki libopeho le entsprechen moralo tsamaisana le melao-motheo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea machaba. O tšoaneloa ke tlhokomelo e khethehileng e le hantle hore tse fetang 90% ea boima kakaretso ea mehato e hlokahalang ho mafura karolo. Kahoo, kaho ea mekhahlelo bobeli ke e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa astronautics ea kajeno.

Mabapi le ho ba sethaleng 1st ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la phahameng tshebetso RD171M enjene, hammoho le ho haella ha boosters lateral. Ho ba sieo ha accelerators lehlakoreng ka ho eketsehileng simplifies oa ho lokisetsa bakeng sa tlhomelo ya nnete, e le e mong oa ho se tšoane ka sehloohong pakeng tsa "Zenit" ka likoloi tse ling lonthja. Ho feta moo, sethaleng moralo ke o atlehang haholoanyane, fokotsa palo ea disebediswsa pyrotechnic, 'me hape ho eketsa tšepahala ka kakaretso ke ho felisa ho hlokahala bakeng sa mochine karohano lehlakoreng accelerators. Ho phaella moo, e mengata e fapaneng ea tšoarang nyerologa kaofela sefofane lumella simolodisiwa ga kumo tsa "sehlohlolong" ka moea lebelo fapaneng le ka maemo a fapaneng boemo ba leholimo, e leng e boetse e thusa ka nako e loketseng le e nepahetseng tlosa payload ena.

tsamaiso ea mantlha

Ka RN o na le sete e feletseng ea thepa ka-boto ea elektronike bakeng sa tšebetso ea tsamaiso telemetry. Karate Telemetry System "Sirius" TMI fana phetiso ka metjha e tse peli tse fapaneng-le-moea ho NPC badileng, teng naheng ea Russia.

mehato karohano - "mofuthu": sebedisa ho tsamaisoa enjene simolleng sethaleng 2, nyenyefatsa netefatso mezhstupennyh phetha molao dikgokelo le braking le mane SRM separable karolo ea sethaleng pele. Ka mor'a ho tlosa lona ho e leng sebaka sireletsehileng matha boosters sethaleng 2nd.

RN hlomamisa litsamaiso tse latelang ho etsa bonnete ba tšebetso ea oona le tšebetso ea sefofane sa:

• tsamaiso e khopo taolo;
• go lekanya tsamaiso e khopo;
• itse mokelikeli mafura teng tsamaisong ea kabo dikarolo;
• mafura a tsamaiso e khopo tshebediso ya taolo;
• refueling oona tsamaisong taolo;
• sefofane tshireletso;
• moea mocheso oona tsamaisong taolo ya le khatello e phahameng ea ;
• likarolo mocheso taolo;
• thermostating likarolo tsamaiso e khopo;
• tsamaiso ea haeteroliki;
• pozharopreduprezhdeniya tsamaiso.

modernization

"Zenit-2" ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR e sa tetebetse ka lebaloa. Seukraine khampani "Yuzhmash" a tsoela pele ntshetsopeleng "sehlohlolong" porojekeng tšebelisano-'moho le haufi le balekane Russia le linaheng tse ling. lerumo tsamaiso ea, a ba lumella hore ba phethe simolodisiwa ga kumo tloha fatše ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") 'me ho tloha platforms mose ( "Zenit-3SL") ba' nile ba ba le. Hoo e ka bang tsohle e qala metsu naha e thehiloeng phethahatsoa ka Baikonur.

Machaba porojeke e ne "Sea Launch" ho ile ha hlophisoa ka 1995 ke boiteko bo etsoang ke khampani American Boeing Commercial Space (40% ho motse-moholo), Russia RKK "Energy" (25%), Seukraine Software "Pivdenmash" le CB "South" (karolo kakaretso ea 15%) le Norwegian Baetsi ba likepe ba Aker Solutions (20%). Sepheo sa khonsotiamong ke hona joale ho loketseng haholoanyane le e ka bolokang tjhelete simolodisiwa ga kumo tsa leoatle "Odyssey" sethaleng sebakeng equator. Demonstrative lerumo liteko fetisitswe ka katleho. Ho tloha ka 1999 ho 'nile ha etsoa 32 le atlehileng.-launch khoebo le "Zenit-3SL»,' me 4 hlōlehileng ho phethahala. Ka nako eo, ka lebaka la ho tsoelo-pele e mpe ka ho Ukraine, ea Seukraine lehlakoreng ka morero emisitswe ho nka karolo ea eona.

sethaleng pele

Kahong ea sethaleng pele ea "Zenit" e kenyeletsa:

• mezhstupennuyu foreime;
• RD171 (RD171M) enjene;
• le mohatla karolo;
• mafura le oxidizer ditanka.

Mezhstupennaya foreime e emela ka phetoho lekareche welded truss. O ile a mounted lehlakoreng boto elektropnevmorazemov fana tsamaiso ea puisano, lonthja koloi le rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng le tsamaiso ea loketseng ho tse fatše e thehiloeng ho qala ILV.

The ditanka mafura behoa PGSP dikarolo itsamaise, e hlahlobang VHC, Surte, ka tanka oxidizer, ho feta moo, e pressurization oona tsamaisong hlomamisa diselennere. Karolo ea mohatla behoa RD171M mane kamoreng enjene eo ka tsela theko liforeimi hlomamisa ka foreime tlaase qetellong.

enjene RD171

The dimela matla e reretsoe ho bopa traction le taolo boiteko ba ka mose ho tsohle tsitsisoa metjha e RCN. Enjene ena ho ne ho hlomamisoa ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea diphetolo tsohle "Zenit". Lata 'me hona joale a hlomelloa le phetolo e tsoetseng pele RD171M. Enjene liphetoho moralo ne ikemiseditse ho ntlafatsa tšepahala lona le tshebetso.

Ka RD171 fumanoa sebelisa e tsoetseng pele ho feta ho etsa thepa theknoloji ea dienjini mokelikeli Lata ntshetswa pele ke lik'hamphani Serussia naheng ea engine. Jwale phetolo RD171M ke matla ka ho fetisisa LRE lefatšeng, sepheo se ka lona ho ntlha ho qala (lefatšeng) ke 740.

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli

Kahong ea Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa "Zenit" e kenyeletsa:

• seletsa mojulung ona;
• boosters Rd-120;
• RD8 tsamaisoa engine.
• oxidizer le mafura ditanka;
• mohatla karolo.

Kofuto moduleng wa karolo e khōlō teng karate tsamaiso e khopo ea elektronike sethusathuto taolo le tsamaiso ea ho lekanya. Ka ditanka mafura, joalokaha e ho ba sethaleng pele, e hlahlobang a lokisetsa dikarolo itsamaise Surte, VHC, PGSP ka tanka oxidizer - diselennere supercharging tsamaiso.

Mohatla karolo le cylindrical le riveted mehaho enfelopo ka bolulo ho dilenaneo le literata e entsoeng ka le mafahla enjene ophthalmogyric RD-120 le quad tsamaisoa RD8 engine.

"Sehlohlolong": ba Lata le tobileng tsa lona

Nakong ya tshebetso ya likoloi lonthja "sehlohlolong" mefuta eohle ea 82 qala-ho fihlela e se e atlehe, ka ho fetisisa tsa ho qetela le atlehileng. ho feletseng (69 tshimolotse), 4 - mokhoa o sa fellang atleha, tse setseng tsela e sa tloaelehang.

• Lerumo bolelele: 57-59,6 m.
• Palo ea mekhahlelo 2 kapa 3.
• The bophara palo e kahodimodimo ea 3,9 m.
• Payload: boima ba lithane tse 15 bakeng sa Sea Launch tsamaiso, 13,7 m - bakeng sa tsamaiso ea tsa lefatše.
• Qalang boima: lithane tse 445-462.

Ho sa tsotellehe mohlala oa tšebelisano-'moho le atlehileng. ka machaba lenaneo "sehlohlolong", lerumo e ha jwale ke ke ya hlahiswa ka lebaka la boemo bo sa tsitsang ka ho Ukraine.