Vychegda - nōka ka Republic Komi. Tlhaloso, lifoto

Russia - naha khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me hape e mong oa phepelo ea metsi. Naha nang le tsona mehloli e khōlō ea metsi a hloekileng. sebaka sohle sa Federation ea Russia ho na le ba ka bang limilione tse 2,5 tsa linōka, creeks le melapo. Sehlooho sena se tla bolella ka ho qaqileng ka 'ngoe ea bona e bitsoang Vychegda. Komi Republic le sebakeng Arkhangelsk karolong - ke sebaka seo ho sona ho se hlahile.

Ke hobane'ng ha lebitso lena?

Ka puo ea ho Komi batho ba lebitso la noka ho sa utloahaleng joaloka Ezhva, e fetolela e le "Meadow metsi": "PE" - kapa Meadow joang bo, 'me "gatee" - metsi.

lebitso la Russia la nōka le tsoa Vychegda mokgatlo drevneugorskih mantsoe "Vacha" - tala, Meadow, 'me "ohgt" - noka. Ka a phela ka puo ea Russia e ile a phaella ka ho mantsoe a lengolo ho qetela "le".

Kahoo, Vychegda - noka phallang ka makhulo ena. Ka linako tse ling Komi e bitsa "bosehla noka", hobane metsi ka e kamehla seretse.

jeokrafi

A re ke re fa tlhahisoleseding mantlha libaka ka letangoaneng lena. Ha ke ntse ke boletsoeng ka holimo, Vychegda - nōka, a phethang metsi a eona lithoteng ka taiga hangata ka naha ea Republic Komi (85% ea letamo) le karolo e 'ngoe e sebakeng Arkhangelsk. Search mapeng ke ke ho hlokahala ka leboea ea karolo e Europe la Russia. Ke tributary kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Northern Dvina, sleeve hae le letona.

le kanaleng bolelele ke 1130 km SE, sebaka letamo - fetang 120 tse sekete lisekoere. km SE. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha Mabōpong a eona ho a koahetsoeng ka meru taiga, e leng e le morui, e Republic Komi. Ho tsoa ho se noka kapa lilomong, ha ho na khefu, ha ho na menyako, e phalla ka bolokolohi, ho pharaletseng 'me butle-butle ka mose lithoteng tsa le sebaka se phahameng sa phapang ea limithara tse 120 ho tse 150. Ha sprawling liphula noka, le alluvial - khutšoanyane, e moqotetsane, ntle terraces.

Hammoho le bethe lehlabathe la mokhoabo oo khafetsa, noka letsoapong e nyenyane haholo. Perm letamo entsoe ka mobung (letsopa, marl) ho tswa ho mashala a lejoe la mokoetla fetang sebakeng se seholo le tse rarahaneng Jurassic chalky lefika hore ka linako tse ling lepelela Quaternary.

Mokhoa oa ho nōka e matsoelintsoeke haholo, ho etsa mohlala, ka tlase toropong ea Syktyvkar pond, ba eta Semukovskuyu leralleng, etsang kou moepa selikalikoe ikutloeleng nōka Vym - tributary lona le letona. Kotloloho pakeng tsa endpoints ya ho se fetang 3 km, 'me nōka e tla lokela ho ea km 30. Tortuous sebaka Vychegda beisine thehoa ka lebaka la glaciations ngata Leoatleng le ka Leboea, haholo-holo tse khopisang lona morao-rao ka naha.

Mohloli le molomo

Vychegda - nōka, eo Ho thehoa ka confluence ea melapo Bokollang-Vosges le Lun-Vosges hore hlaha ho tswa ho mokhoabong Jüri-Nyur mathōkong ka boroa ea Timan Ridge. Coordinates: mohloding: 62 ° 19 '. w Le. le 55 ° 32 'ka. le d.

Le moo noka psha ka Vychegda? metsi bona e nkang ka Northern Dvina, e phallang motseng oa Kotlas, e leng 600 km le hole le Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong. Coordinates: molomong oa: 61 ° 17 's. w Le. le 46 ° 37 'ka. le d.

hydrology

Matla, Vychegda tsoakileng. A tekanyo e kholo ka lehloa (40-45%) le ho situ (34-40%), karolong ke pula (15%). dikahare metsi ranges ho tloha limithara tse dikhubu 162 ka motsotsoana le haufi le motse oa Ust-Eena, limithara tse dikhubu 601 ka motsotsoana ka Syktyvkar, motse-moholo Komi Republic, ho limithara tse dikhubu 1160 ka bobeli haufi molomo.

Nōka ea se nang leqhoa ho elella bofelong ba April - mathoasong a May. Nakong ea moroallo selemo Vychegda boemo ba hlaha haholo - ho tloha 4 ho ea ho limithara tse 7. Metsi tletse metsi utloisisa bakeng km tse ngata ka bophara. Ka 1974, e ne e haholo-holo metsi phahameng ha boemo noka ema ke hoo e ka bang 8 limithara tse. Empa metsi a mangata a ka Vychegda kokobela ka potlako.

ka holimo Vychegda

nōka e arotsoe ka holimo, o bohareng ba le ka tlaase.

Upper Vychegda phallang 346 km le ho tswa mohloding wa lona ho confluence ea tributary letšehali la Eena. letamo lena le emela dissected karolo maralleng sehlabeng ba bolelele ba limithara tse 250. E le bophara ba phula ea noka ka nako ena ke limithara tse 200. Nōkeng meanders tsela tsohle, o na le e ngata liphororo tse nyenyane le tse Shoals, bakeng sa ka toka o potlakang - limithara tse 0.7-0.8 ka bobeli.

Haufi le mohloli ya bophara noka ha e feta limithara tse 15, empa e butle-butle eketsa le Nema e se e fihlile limithara tse 100. Ka karolelano botebo ba Upper Vychegda - limithara tse 3, le phahameng ka ho fetisisa - limithara tse 10. Lijo ena karolo ea noka ka tlas'a lefatše le lehloa, metsi a phallo haufi le motse Pomozdino ke limithara tse dikhubu 50 ka bobeli.

karolelano Vychegda

E qala ho tswa ho motse oa Ust-Nema le mathang 488 dikhilomitha, e qetella ka confluence ea e setseng Sysola inflow (ho ke ke bohlokoa motse-moholo oa Komi - Syktyvkar). Pele, nōka ea matha ka Kerchemskoy phuleng ea molapo o robetse pakeng tsa maralla le Zhezhimparma Nemskoy, karolo e bohareng ea beisine ea ae phethang e le thota meholo. pakeng Upland Northern Uvaly le Timan Ridge. Tlase le kanaleng e phallang ka mabalane lohle mokhoabo.

Ka ho le letona ho nōka ke e ngata ea matša (Sindorskoe, Dhoom). Sebakeng sa melatswana tsa Eena, le Vym North Keltma River e tšoauoa ka karst. Central Valley Vychegda otlolla bakeng sa km 10, lohle moroallo thota, 'me hangata habeli sekamela lehlakoreng le le, koahetsoeng ka makhulo, libaka tse mokhoabo. Bethe bophara ho tloha limithara tse 100 ho tse 700 e na le tlase lehlabatheng-letsopa, ka 'nete hore lona etsahala sehlekehleke sohle lebōpong koahetsoeng ka majoe.

Bolibeng ka nōka Vychegda ka sebaka sena tse fetohang haholo - limithara tse 0.5 ke limithara tse 6 pele shallows ka finyellang. Sekhahla phallo ke karolelano ea limithara tse 0.5 ka bobeli, empa ka metsi le phahameng ho fihlela ho limithara tse 2 ka bobeli. Lijo lehloa atileng (60%), ba bang kaofela ba entseng hore pula le ka tlas'a lefatše. noang metsi ka Ust-Nema e limithara tse 160 dikubita ka bobeli, ka Syktyvkar - limithara tse dikhubu 600 ka bobeli. Ha selemo moroallo boemo ba metsi noka e hlaha ho limithara tse 5-6.

tlaase Vychegda

Ho simoloha ho tloha tributary ea lona e nepahetseng - nōka Vym, mathang km 296 ho molomo. Ka finyellang e ka tlaase ea nōkeng e ba seholo ho le bophara, empa ka ba bang kaofela ba naha ea sona 'me maemo a hydrological ke tsoana haholo le le dipehelo tsa Central Vychegda.

Omimvo floodplain ntse fihla 6-8 dikhilomitha, empa phula fetela le ho fihlela ho km 40. Coast ka otlolle ena ho nōka ke haholo-holo lehlabathe, ka seoelo a pepesa letsopa peat le lihlekehlekeng le metopa ntsho. More tšoana le majoe a pebble. Haholo-holo e ngata ba ka libongo Timasova Mountain, haufi le fairway le Upper Soyginskom Slobodchikovskom shallows, moo ba ileng ba thehoa ea sebele Lejoe orilla.

Nōka ea ka fihlang ho e ka tlaase hangata lehloa nakong ea selemo ho na le ke leqhubu le matla.

Inflows

Bakeng sa metsi a ena pond ile bokella ka 1137 melatswana. Sena ha se kenyeletsa fetang 23 tse sekete le melapo e nyenyane, bolelele ba tsona ha e fete km 10.

Major melatswana Vychegda (e kholo ka ho fetisisa): Right - Vym, Wohl, Vishera, Yarenga River le Elva, e setseng sleeve - Vileda, Sysola, Lokchim, North Keltma River, Eena South Mylva.

Karolo melatswana mohlala Vym le North Keltma River, ba spawning litlhapi tsa salmon tsoasa litlhapi Ka hona na bohlokoa haholo.

thomello

Vychegda ke likepe noka. Navigation ho eona e qala ka bekeng ea pele ea May le koala ka 20 linomoro October. Lekhotla nakong ea selemo fumana ho libongo Voldino (960 km), 'me ka ea lehlabula' me a oela ho Marina Ust Coloma (693 km).

The marinas kholo ka ho fetisisa: Yarensk, Mezhog, Solvychegodsk Aikino, Ust-Kool, Syktyvkar.

Ho rarahana ha tsamaya ka Vychegda ke hore le kanaleng lona ke sa tsitsang, 'me lehlabathe ke haholo selefouno. Ho latela litsupa tsena, 'mele oa metsi ae phethang le sebaka sa pele Russia. Haholo-holo ka matla a lekoa Vychegda mabōpo a lehlabathe le haufi le metsaneng pukto Oshlape, Sharovitsy le Vyemkovo.

Empa noka ka leboea Russia haesale mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa puisano, ho joalo, ho sa tsotellehe mathata, ho Vychegda ke waterway ka sehloohong sebakeng sa: lehlabula baahi ba susumelletsa ka metsing, le mariha - ka leqhoa.

Hape nōka ho tloha selemo ho hoetla e sebediswa bakeng sa phaphametseng lehong.

metsana

metse e mengata hasane metseng e mengata e hahiloeng haufi le nōka. Ba ka sehloohong le baahi ba bangatanyana qotsa Browse: motse-moholo oa Republic Komi Syktyvkar, metse ea teropong Ezhva, Krasnozatonskaya, Sedkyrkesh, motse Zheshart, Koryazhma, Kotlas Solvychegodsk le lula fatše 'me Anufrievka Anikeevka, metsana e meng.

lintlha tse thahasellisang

The pond, eo e neheloa ho stattya, a ruile haholo ka litlhapi. Ke lehae la ho Sturgeon, Pike, kalaneng, Pike, bream, litlhapi tsa salmon e tšoeu, chub, nkee, burbot, Roach, gudgeon, ruff le mefuta e meng e litlhapi. Nōka ea fepa baahi bohle ba Republic Komi.

Phutholohile Literene mopalami terene nomoro 24 molaetsa Moscow - Syktyvkar nako e 'ngoe o ne a bitsoa "Vychegda".

Hona joale u tseba moo noka Vychegda le life le litšobotsi tse la ntlha la oona.