Tundra - sebakeng se tsa tlhaho. tlhaloso e khutšoanyane

Tundra - moo ha ho joalo? Hase bohle ba khona ho araba potso ena ho bonahala eka e bonolo. 'Nete ke hore. Tundra - e sebakeng tsa tlhaho (ka ho toba ho feta, le mofuta oa libaka), eo larileng ka ka leboea ho limela moru. Mobu ho na le permafrost, ha tlatsa nōka le leoatle metsi. Snow sekoahelo sa eona ka seoelo feteng cm, 50, 'me ka linako tse ling ha e koahela fatše. Permafrost le kamehla moea o matla le tšusumetso e mpe ho tsoalo (humus, ha ba le nako ea ho "butsoe" nakong ea lehlabula, 'me e akhotsoang tsoa ke o hoammeng).

The etymology lentsoe la

Ha e le hantle, ho tundra - khopolo e le 'ngoe. Ho na ho ntse ho hlokahala tse ling tlhakiso. Tundra ka 'na ha e le hantle ba ba fapaneng: mokhoabong, peat, majoe. Ho tloha leboea ba fokolang ho Arctic ea lehoatata, empa lehlakoreng lona ka boroa ke tšimoloho ea Arctic. The tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea ho mokhoabo oo tundra li nkoa mongobo le phahameng, permafrost le meea e matla. Limela ha ho e batlang e sparse. Dimela petelitsoe mobung, eaba ba etsa ho lohellanya letlobo multiple (semela "cushion").

Khopolo ea (ho etymology lentsoe la) o ile a alima Finns: lentsoe tunturi bolela "treeless lithaba." Ka nako e telele ho ne ho nkoa e le pontšo ea provense le ha molao qeto. Mohlomong u ka kgopolo ya go ya e nkile leboha motso ho Karamzin, ea ileng a ile a tsitlella hore "lentsoe e lokela ho ba ka ho le tlotlontswe rōna," hobane ntle ho ho le thata ho khetholla sephara, le tlaase, treeless thota, overgrown le boriba, eo ka ho bua batsamai, jeokrafi le liroki.

tlhophiso

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, ho tundra - khopolo ena e generalized. Ha e le hantle, ho e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo tsa sehlooho: Arctic, e bohareng le e ka boroa. Li nka ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.

1. Arctic tundra. Sena grassy subband (bogolosegolo). semishrubs khetholleha mosamo diforomo le mosses. "Mokhoa o nepahetseng" ea lihlahla teng. Ho na le e ngata ba le likoatipa bare tsa letsopa le permafrost Mohlape litutulu.

2. Karolelano ea Tundra (tse bitsoang tloaelehileng) hangata boriba. Haufi le matša le na sedge limela le joang inyenyefatsa a bile a lijo-thollo. Mona o ka bona moluoane hahabang le lifate dwarf birch, boriba, mosses patiloe.

3. South tundra - ke hangata mofero area. Limela mona ke itšetlehile ka longitude: ea.

boemo ba leholimo

Boemo ba leholimo e sehlōhō haholo (subarctic). Ke ka lebaka leo ka tundra liphoofolo ke fokola - sa liphoofolo tsohle khona ho etsa joalo ka moea o matla le a batang. seoelo haholo, ho na le baemedi ba liphoofolo tse khōlō. Ho tloha ka bongata ba tundra e teng ka holimo ho Arctic Circle, mariha ha feela tse ling tse ngata tse matla, empa nako e telele. Ha ba nka likhoeli tse tharo, joalokaha e le tloaelo, empa ka makhetlo a mabeli ka nako e telele (tse bitsoang bosiu Polar). Ka nako ena, haholo-holo tundra batang. boemo ba leholimo Continental hloka ho tiea tsa mariha. Mariha, thempereichara karolelano ka tundra ke -30 ° C (ka linako tse ling ka tlaase mona, e leng ke ho tloaelehile).

E le busa, ea lehlabula ha tlelaemete ho tundra hase (ho ke ke khutšoanyane haholo). August e nkoa e le khoeli warmest. Mocheso karolelano ka nako ena ke + 7-10 ° C. Ke limela tluoa tabeng ea ho bophelo bo ka August.

Flora, liphoofolo

Tundra - 'muso oa mosses le boriba. Ka linako tse ling u bona angiosperms (lijo-thollo tse ngata e tlaase), lihlahla tlaase, lifate dwarf (birch, malandro e). baemeli ba tloaelehileng tsa lefatše phoofolo - phokojoe, caribou, phiri, linku bighorn, 'mutla, lemming. Fumanoang ka tundra le linonyana: tšoeu-tse nang le mapheo plover, go bananas Lapland, ptarmigan, lehloa sephooko, Plover, Snow Bunting, Red-throated Pipit.

Tundra - sena "bofelo ba lefatše", eo metsi ruileng tlhapi (tsa whitefish, tsa whitefish, Cisco, inconnu). Lihahabi hoo e batlang e ha ho na: hobane ea tlaase mocheso batang-sehloho, bokhoni ba ho phela ke feela ke ke ha khoneha.