Tseo tse phelang li entsoe ka li-cell ea se nang molekane? mehlala tlhophiso

Liphoofolo tsohle tse le limela tse re thulana le ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ke lintho tse phelang multicellular. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le microcosm leo ho ahiloeng ho ke libōpuoa tse sa bonahaleng mahlong a rōna. Ka linako tse ling ba bopilwe seleng e le 'ngoe. Ka hona, ba ka 'na ho bona tlas'a microscope feela. Ke lintho life ka khetholloa ho tloha tse phelang le 'ngoe-e nang le sele?

Sebōpeho sa sele: temperaturdiagramm ba e tloaelehileng ea lisele tse prokaryotic le eukaryotic

Phelang tse phelang lintho tsa tlhaho e ka ba unicellular kapa multicellular, eukaryotic kapa prokaryotic. Sehlopha ka seng se na le litšobotsi tse sona sebopeho sa, physiology, le Biochemistry. ke lipontšo tsa seleng prokaryotic eng? Pele ho tsohle, ho ke tsela e bonolo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng. Ena mofuta oa li-cell hase ea mantlha, 'me boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso tse fumanoang DNA. Le ka tsela ena e "sa phaphamala" ka cytoplasm ena. Hape, tšobotsi e khethollang ke hore lisele tsa tsena, ho na le ha ho na organelles. mesebetsi bona li nkeloa sebaka ke protrusions tsa lera cytoplasmic, e bitsoang mesosoma. Ba maemong a mangata 'me ba na le boikarabelo respiration kapa tala.

Ka prokaryotic lisele tse, ea unit trust holim'a e lokisetsa ho le thata haholo, 't. K. O se emeloang ke le dikarolo tse' maloa. The pele ho tsona - ba lera cytoplasmic - phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho tsamaisa ya dintho pakeng tsa sele le tikoloho. MTC emeloang bilipidnym lera oo liprotheine fapaneng emisa. Ho ekelletsa moo prokaryotic seleng ea e koahetsoe ke cladding e nang le mofuta o sireletsang le etsehang. Lera bobeli thibela ho kenella ka hare tsa dintho tse chefo. Ho sireletsa liphellong tsa lintlha kotsi, le hoja khetla ena e na le meeli ea eona.

Lera ea ho qetela ea holim'a metsi sesebediswa e ka hase kamehla ho ba teng. Ke slimy Case. Pele, ho thusa mosebetsing oa ho tsamaea ka seleng, fokotsa khohlano. Tabeng ya bobedi, slimy Case na le lihlahisoa tse tshilong ya dijo ea lisele le secretion. dintho tsena ka sebelisoa bakeng sa merero e sireletsang, kapa, lehlakoreng le leng, ho hlasela liphofu tsa bona. phelang All prokaryotic bopilwe seleng e le 'ngoe. Tsena ke haholo-holo le libaktheria.

Features eukaryotes

lisele tse Eukaryotic ba tšoauoa ka tsela e rarahaneng eo ea bona ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng. Ba na le palo e khōlō ea lihlopha le mehaho, 'me tse ngata tse dithulaganyo skeletal hloka plurality tsa enzyme e itseng le lihlopha. Seo e se e na le e le eukaryotes seleng e phelang? sebopeho lona e na le likarolo tse latelang:

• Liboto.
• Organelles le cytoplasm.
• The lera le cytoskeleton.

Liboto - ka sebopeho bohareng ba seleng ea efe kapa efe eukaryotic, moo boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso e bolokwa. E na le chromosomes le nucleoli. Ba na le boikarabelo ba ho fetisetswa le tshebediso ya tlhahisoleseding liphatsa tsa lefutso. Har'a organelles ea lisele lokolla:

1. Dvumembrannye sebopeho (plastids le mitochondria).
2. Odnomembrannye sebopeho (lysosomes, Golgi sethusathuto, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, peroxisomes, 'me batho ba bang.).
3. Bao e seng lera sebopeho (ribosomes, cytoskeleton).

Eukaryotic lera ka sebopeho tšoana hore ba prokaryotes. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ho feta tse. Eukaryotic seleng ea e entsoe ka likarolo tse bitsoang liphaposi. tsamaiso ena haholo simplifies mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa phallo ea dithulaganyo tsohle skeletal, ke hore,. Ho. The seleng ea e arotsoe liphaposi tse sa tšoaneng.

Protists - unicellular eukaryotic phelang

Har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse eukaryotic ho eo re neng re e matleng a hae, ho na le boetse ho na le ka tlaase ho moo bonahalang ho batho leihlo ho ntseng ho. Ba bitsoa protists. Ba etsa 'muso arohaneng ka lenaane-thalo le. protists All bopilwe seleng e le 'ngoe, kahoo boholo ba sa feteng 250 microns. Di arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa, har'a tse sarkodovyh, flagellates, ciliates.

mofuta sarkodovyh

Tsena li akarelletsa amoeba game, e akarelletsa ho seleng e le 'ngoe. libōpuoa tsena phela mobung, metsi a hloekileng kapa metsi a letsoai. 'mele ea bona ha e na sebopeho sa khaotseng, tse lumella hore ba ho theha e thoeng maoto, e leng protists tsena hapa lijo tsa bona.

flagellates mofuta

Flagellates a lebitso la eona le ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha flagella qetellong ea 'mele. Ho nolofalletsa lisele tse joalo ho fallela ka potlako. Sena se etsa hore flagellates litsomi tse babatsehang. Har'a bona ke palo e khōlō ea likokoana-hloko tsa lintho tse phelang e phahameng multicellular. 'Mele oa libōpuoa joalo se na le sebopeho sa khaotseng ka lebaka la ho lera la seleng ea sweaty.

mofuta oa ciliates

Ciliates li entsoe ka li-cell e le 'ngoe. Ho sa tsotellehe sena di evolutionarily fetisisa ntshetswa pele har'a bonolo. Ho na le e ne e esita le khopolo ea ho sebopeho sa liphoofolo tse multicellular tseo di theohileng ciliates. libōpuoa tsena na teteaneng leboteng ka seleng. Ba teng ka cytoplasm ea cores tse peli: ho ikatisa, e laolang ho ikatisa, 'me vegetative le boikarabelo ba ho le thulaganyo ea bophelo. 'Mele kaofela e koahetsoeng ka cilia tsa ciliates. Lihlahisoa tshilong ya dijo di tlosoa ka lesoba khethehileng - poroshitsu.

lisele tse e motho: mefuta e fapaneng ya dibopeho tsena le litšobotsi mehaho

phelang rona ke sebopeho multicellular, moo lisele tse amanang le mong le e tse ling. Ba fetisetsa lesedi sebelisa tsa maiketsetso pontšo dintho. Foromo ya lisele tse, makala le litsamaiso, tse fapaneng le e mong le tse ling tse ka tshebediso le morphologically.

ke eng ka seleng ea batho? Ha re nahana ka lisele tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse leha e le efe ea 'mele, ba na le litšobotsi tsohle tsa eukaryotes: ho khenele, organelles, cytoskeleton, ho rarahana ha metabolism. Leha ho le joalo, har'a bona e mong ka fumana ntle le mabaka a hore fa ikhethang ya dinama tse nyenyane tse ho khetheha.

Mohlala, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali a se nang motheo. Sena se nolofalletsa hore ba tlame ho feta oksijene kapa carbon dioxide. Lehe ka fihla cm, 0.12-0.15 le bophara ba, e leng boleng kgolo haholo esita eukaryotic liseleng. methapo ea kutlo batho le bona ba na peculiarities ba bona. Ba theha protuberances ngata, har'a tse dendrites khutšoanyane 'me axons e telele.