The theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa chelete ea tšepe ea Russia ea boholo-holo

Mong le e mong boemo hlaha ka lefatše lena ka ho e 'ngoe ea linako tse ea histori, e ile qetellong seo a hlokahala ho feta kananyo. Eketseha kgolo ya kgwebo le ho hlaha ha metse e meholo qobelloa babusi kapa ea sechaba ho fumana tsela e ka hlahlobo ya sehlahiswa. Ka tsela eo ha thehoa le likamano tsa thepa-chelete.

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa boholo-holo e RUS 'hlaha ka principality Kiev ka nako eo ka eona puso mocha o ne a ikutloa ka tlhokahalo ea ho phela.

Chelete ka Kievan RUS ho coinage bona

Pele meloko Maslav ne ba kopane ka boemo e moholo - Kievan RUS, le histori ho feta boholo-holo oa naha ka lilemo tse makholo, 'me qaptjoa chelete ne e loketseng ho bona Trade le mong ho e mong.

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa khale ka ho fetisisa ea Russia, fumanoa ka naha ea principality ea Kiev, letsatsi ho tswa ho 1-3, th le makholo a lilemo AD. e. 'me ke bona denari Roma. fumanoe mesebetsi ea matsoho joalo fumanoang ho sebaka sa bodulo sa boholo-holo, empa o ile a sebelisa bona ho lefa bakeng sa Slavs kapa mabenyane ho fihlela ha le tsejoe. Ho tloha hara-meloko likamano tsa kgwebisano ne e khōloanyane phapanyetsano tlhaku, boleng ba sebele ba ka denari sebakeng sena ha e so ithutileng tsona.

Ho le joalo, chelete ea tšepe ea boholo-holo Russia Kuna - khopolo eo e sebetsa ka matsatsi a boholo-holo e le ea Baroma, Byzantium le Arab chelete, 'me ho boea ba Martens, tseo hangata li sebelisoang ho lefa bakeng sa thepa. Boea le letlalo bakeng sa nako e telele bile ka taba ea likamano tsa thepa-tjhelete naheng ea linaheng tse ngata.

tjhelete eo e leng ya ka Kievan RUS 'ile ba qala ho minted ho fihlela lekholong la bo10 morao.

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Kievan RUS

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa pele tsa Russia ea boholo-holo, se fumanehileng tšimong ea principality ea Kiev, khosana ne setshwantsho ka lehlakoreng le leng 'me trident kapa libetsa tsa tse peli-pronged - ka tse ling. Ba ne ba entsoe ka khauta le silevera, kahoo a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ho ithuta lichelete tsa tšepe tsa boholo-holo 'me tlhaloso ea bona e le litlaleho tsa histori ea ba ile ba fuoa lebitso la "zlatniki" le "likotoana tsa silevera".

Setšoantšo sa Prince Vladimir ka lichelete tsa tšepe ho tloha 980 ho 1015 e ne e le mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng "Vladimir teroneng, le silevera ea hae." Ka lehlakoreng le khutlisetsang o hlalosoa le pontšo ea ho Rurik, e leng e fetoloa ho itšetlehile ka ea neng a busa.

Oa pele-pele + ea silevera lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Russia ea boholo-holo, 'me a sebetsa ho bona ka lebitso la "UAH" na etymologies bona. Qalong lentsoe lena le bolela ho bullion silevera, ba lekanang le theko ea pere e 'ngoe (moetse). sehlopha "Hryvnia fumana silevera" e boletsoeng ka litaba tsa matsatsi lilemong tseo. Hamorao, ha leqhubu la lichelete tsa tšepe tsa tšepe sena, ba qala ho tsamaisana le ka tjhelete e ka banknotes.

Tlas'a Vladimir Great minted zlatniki ba neng ba boima ba 'mele ~ 4.4 g, le likotoana tsa silevera, boima ba e ho fapane ho tloha dikgerama 1,7 ho 4,68. Ho phaella moo, ya data lintlha banka ne jala le boleng ba thepa ka Kievan RUS ', ba ba boetse ba nkile ka ntle ho dipalelo ka khoebo. Khauta lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Russia ea boholo-holo e ne e entsoe feela ha Prince Vladimir, ha balateli ba hae o ile a sebelisa ho etsa feela tsa silevera.

Setšoantšo ka obverse sa potreite la Prince Vladimir, le khutlisetsang - le pontso ea ba setho sa Rurik lesika ne e le ea mofuta oa lipolotiki, e le ho bontša ho bafo ba morao tjena United States matla a 'ona e bohareng.

Banknotes tsa Russia 11-13 lilemo tse makholo

Ka mor'a lefu la Vladimir lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Russia ea boholo-holo a tsoela pele ho koena mora oa hae Yaroslav (Khosana ea Novgorod), tsejoang historing tlas'a lebitso la Bohlale.

Kaha Orthodox nametse ho pholletsa le principality ea Kiev, ka banknotes Jaroslav joale setšoantšo ha se khosana, 'me Saint George, eo e nkoa e le morena oa mosireletsi oa hae. Ka khutlisetsang ea chelete ea tšepe ho e ne e ntse e le trident le mantsoe a ngotsoeng ka hore e srebro Yaroslav. Ka mor'a hore a qala ho busa Kiev, coinage khaotsa, le hryvnia e se e le tsa silevera tse taemane paterone.

Lichelete tsa tšepe ea ho qetela ea Russia ea boholo-holo (photo photo photo photo mona ka tlase - Oleg Svyatoslavich chelete) - e 's banknotes 1083-1094, e le nako e latelang ea histori ea puso ena e bitsoa coinless. Ka nako ena, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho khanna le manolotsoeng le silevera ea hryvnia, e leng ha e le hantle e ingot.

Ho na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng e 'maloa ea hryvnia, eo e neng e le phapang ka sehloohong ka sebopeho le boima ba' mele. Kahoo, Kiev Hryvnia o na le mofuta o mong oa e cheroots rhombus, boima ba 'mele seo ka sona e ne e lekana le ~ 160 g, Ho hlakile hore ha ho boetse ho bile le chernigovskaya (rhombus foromo nepahetse bekha ~ 195 g), Volga (a bataletseng bareng 200 g), Lithuanian (notched bareng) le Novgorod (bareng boreleli bekha 200 g) hryvnia.

The chelete ea tšepe nyenyane ka ho fetisisa Russia ea boholo-holo ntse ba lesika European ne, kaha le silevera ea ha a fetohe qeta. Ka makhetlo a sa Principality ea Kiev chelete tsoang linaheng tse ling ba ne ba lebitso la bona - Kuna, nogata, Vaxjo - le ne boleng bona sefahleho. Kahoo, ka 11-12 lilemo tse makholo 1 Hryvnia ile ba bapisa 20 nogata coon kapa 25, 'me qetellong ea lekholo la bo12 la lilemo - 100 50 Växjö kapa coon. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho hōla ka potlako ea ba Kievan RUS, 'me likamano tsa khoebo ea oona ea nang le linaheng tse ling.

Ho na le maikutlo a bo-rasaense ba hore chelete ea tšepe e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ho nkoa marten pelts - coon le lent - Växjö. letlalo e mong o lekana le mashome a mabeli-bohlano kapa mashome a mahlano ba hryvnia, empa ho tloha lekholong la bo12 la tefo boea fetohile se felloe ke nako, e le tšepe o ile a qala ho lelekisa makgabe.

Ponahalo ea ruble ho

Ho tloha lekholong la bo12 la lilemo Kievan RUS ka ajoa qala ho hlahella "hasesaane" chelete e ileng ea etsoa ho tswa hryvnia silevera. E ne e le molamu silevera, e neng e akarelletsa 4 "hasesaane" likarolo. E mong le e le sekotoana se notches hore li bontša ho boima le ho ka lebaka leo litšenyehelo.

Mong le e mong ruble ka arotsoe ka dihalofo tse pedi, joale ba ne ba bitsoa "poltinas". From lekholong la bo13 la lilemo, ho hryvnia tsohle butle-butle fumana lebitso "ruble", 'me ho tloha lekholong la bo14 la lilemo ba ile ba qala ho tšoantšetsa setempe wizards, likhosana mabitso le matshwaonyana fapaneng.

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa boholo-holo e RUS li ne li sebelisoa e seng feela ho lefa bakeng sa thepa, empa hape ho lefa e ntle ho letlotlong la khosana ena. Ho joalo, bakeng sa polao ea e le moahi oa mahala e ne e le tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke kotlo - "Vira", eo ka chelete 5 hryvnia ka smerd le ho fihlela ho 80 hryvnia e le monna e babatsehang. Bakeng sa itseha 'mele lekhotla behilweng polelongpalo poluvire. "Poklepna" - kotlo bakeng sa defamation - e ne e lekana le UAH 12.

Tefo ea makhetho ka polokelong ea matlotlo khosana e bitsoang "khumamela", 'me molao, e hatisitsoeng ho feta Yaroslav Bohlale - "inamela' nete", e leng se bontšang boholo ba sethabathaba lefiswa ka 'ngoe ea sechaba.

Lichelete tsa tšepe Moscow principality

"Coinless" nako felloa ho bohareng ba Kievan RUS ea lekholo la bo14 la lilemo, ha ba sa tsoa qala minting lichelete tsa tšepe, e tsejoang e le "chelete". Hangata, ho ena le ho sebelisa coining lichelete tsa tšepe ea silevera ea Golden Horde, e otla litlhaku Serussia. Etsoa lichelete tsa tšepe tse nyenyane li ne li bitsoa "poludengi" le "chetverettsy", le koporo - matamo.

Ka nako ena lintlha banka e-s'o ka o ile a hlokomela sefahleho boleng, ha etsoa ho tloha 1420 Novgorod chelete e se e le haufi le eona. Ba ne ba minted lilemo tse fetang 50 e sa fetohe - ka mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng "The Great Novgorod".

From 1425 ho na le e ne e le "chelete Pskov," empa oona tsamaisong momahaneng la chelete hlaha feela mafelong a lekholo la bo15 la lilemo, ha mefuta e 2 ea lichelete tsa tšepe ba ne ba isoa - Moscow le Novgorod. E ile ea e-ba motheo wa ruble ipolela, eo boleng ne lekanang 100 200 Novgorod le Moscow chelete. Ka sehloohong ea chelete unit trust tsa boima ba 'mele o ntse a nkoa e le tsa silevera tse Hryvnia (204.7 g), e leng chelete ea tšepe ea liheloe 2,6 li-ruble.

Feela ho tloha 1530 e amohetse ho qetela 1 ruble par, boleng, e leng e sebediswa ho fihlela letsatsing lena. Ho 100 le sente poltina - 50, 'me torque - 10 dipeni. The chelete nyenyane ka ho fetisisa - Altyn - ne lekanang kopecks 3, 1 le sente tlameha ho rated ka 4 le sente.

Ruble minted ka Moscow, 'me e le chelete hanyane - ka Novgorod le Pskov. Nakong ea puso ea ho qetela a le mofuta oa Rurik, Fedor, ka boela ka qala ho koena e le sente ka ho Moscow. Lichelete tsa tšepe rekoa ka boima ba 'mele e tšoanang le setšoantšo, a fana ka maikutlo ho amohelwa oa tsamaiso chelete le' ngoe.

Ka linako tsa Poland le Sweden Mosebetsi chelete hape lahlehetsoe ke mefuta e le 'ngoe, empa ka mor'a ho phatlalatsoa ka 1613 tsa morena oa Romanov leloko la borena la lichelete tsa tšepe fumane ponahalo e tšoanang le setšoantšo sa hae. Ho tloha qetellong ea 1627, Moscow Mint ke feela ka hare ho naha.

Lichelete tsa tšepe magosana tse ling

Ka linako tse ling tse fapa-fapaneng ea Russia principality minted chelete. Ka ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa tlhahiso ea lichelete tsa tšepe ba ile ba fumana ka mor'a Dmitry Donskoy entse chelete ea hae ea pele, ka e neng e tšoantšetsoa ka mohlabani ea nang le sabole e ka pere. Ba ne ba entsoe ka molamu o motle silevera, eo e se e pele e neng e pantshisi-tse. Benghali ba sebelisa thulusi e khethehileng le setšoantšo alengelami - hlahloba, ho tswa ho sephetho sa eo ea silevera ea lichelete tsa tšepe tse fanoeng e tšoanang ka boholo, boima ba 'mele le moralo.

Hang elgohry mopalami oa ho e nketsoe sebaka ka lerumo, 'me chelete ea tšepe e bitsoang hobane ena e ne e le "le sente."

Lateloa ke Donskoi magosana tse ngata ba ile ba qala ho koena lichelete tsa tšepe tsa bona, e bontšang hore o oa ba likhosana busa. Ka lebaka la ho hloka kutloano ena fetoha boleng ka lebitso la chelete, eo e thata ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho etsa khoebo, kahoo ho lelekisa libakeng tse ling, empa ka hare ho naha ho ne ho tsamaiso le 'ngoe ea chelete o ile oa thibeloa ka ntle Moscow.

Resana

Ntle maiketsetso chelete ea tšepe kakaretso le teng Russia ea boholo-holo, se neng se bitsoa "khaola". Ho etsa, seha dirham Abbasid Caliphate. Boleng ka lebitso la "sehiloeng" o lekana le 1/20 ba hryvnia, 'me ho ajoa ile ba tsoela pele ho fihlela lekholong la bo12 la lilemo. Nyamele ea chelete ea tšepe e le sebaka Kievan RUS ka lebaka la hore caliphate o khaotsa ho ba ho minted dirhams, 'me "khaola" e ile ea nkeloa sebaka kunoy.

Russia lichelete tsa tšepe ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo

Ho tloha ka 1654 ho fetisisa chelete e ne ruble poltina, polupoltina le otla Krrish. Lichelete tsa tšepe tse nyenyane e ne e ha ho hlokahale.

Li-ruble ka matsatsi ao a entsoe ka silevera, 'me poltinas le ho tšoana le bona, etsoe se lumellane ha bona minted koporo. Polupoltiny ne ba boetse ba silevera le dipeni - koporo.

Ke theko ena ea fella ka molao-taelo ea borena ho equate phetoho koporo ka boleng ho silevera, ka lebaka la seo o ile dihlahiswa le qala merusu. Great borabele 1662 Moscow, o bitsoa "koporo bofetoheli" se ile sa etsa hore 'nete ea hore molao-taelo ile hlakolwa le minting ea lichelete tsa tšepe, silevera e hlaphoheloa.

Petrose 1 Reform

Ka lekhetlo la pele ba sebele liphetoho ka chelete ile etsoang ke Petrose 1 ka 1700. Thanks ho eena Mint a qala minting li-ruble silevera, halofo ea ruble, polupoltin Altyn, hryvnia le koporo lisente tse. Khauta ducats entse. Ho bona li ne li entsoe ka Billets khauta ho potoloha, tse neng li beha ka o khabisitsoeng mengolo le litšoantšo.

Ho ne ho e bonolo (w Le - 3,4 g) le habeli chervontsi (6.8g bontšang Petrose 1 ka obverse le ka khutlisetsang a ntsu a). Hape ka 1718 ho ile ha latela chelete ea tšepe ea pele le ea ka setšoantšo sa boleng le sefahleho - dvuhrublevik.

Hoo e batlang e sa fetohe, malumeli ana li e-ba teng pele ho lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

Lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Kievan RUS 'hona joale

Kajeno, ho na le:

• zlatniki Vladimir - 11;

• Serebrenikov Vladimira - fetang 250;
• Serebrenikov Svyatopolka - ka 50;
• Serebrenikov Yaroslava Mudrogo - 7.

The theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa chelete ea tšepe ea boholo-holo Russia - Vladimir zlatniki (tse fetang 100 000 $) le likotoana tsa silevera Yaroslava Mudrogo (60 000 $).

numismatics

Ea saense hore o ithuta lichelete tsa tšepe, e bitsoang numismatics. Thanks ho eena, babokelli ba ka hantle hlahloba histori le lichelete boleng ba chelete. The chelete ea tšepe rarest tsa Kievan RUS e bontšitsoe musiamong tsa histori, moo baeti ba ka ithuta histori ea coinage le boleng jwale maraka.