The Corona letsatsi: tlhaloso, libōpeho, khanya le lintlha tse thahasellisang

Sun - ke boemong bokhothokhotho oa meea e chesang tse hlahisang eneji, le hlollang le khanya 'me le etse bophelo Lefatšeng khoneha.

sebakeng sena oa leholimo ke kholo ka ho fetisisa ho fetisisa le e khōlō ea tsamaiso ea letsatsi. Ho tswa ho Earth ho eena a tsoa e leng sebaka sa km milione 150. Ho finyella re mocheso le khanya ea letsatsi o ka nka metsotso e robeli. hole ona o boetse o boleloa e le robeli-metsotso e khanya.

Star, futhumala lefatše la rōna le na le dikarolo 'maloa tsa ka ntle, tse kang photosphere eo, chromosphere le Corona. The le dikarolo tsa ka ntle tsa sepakapaka matla a letsatsi ho bopa holim hore e bua ea viscera le bona linaleli, 'me ho hlalosoa e le khanya ea letsatsi.

Constituent vneshenego Sun lera

Lera tseo re li bonang, e bitsoang photosphere, kapa lekala la leseli. Photosphere tšoauoa khanyang lero la mali e belang granules le leso kudu batang sunspots, eo etsahala ha masimo a sa potoloho ea lipolanete a khoheli a roba ka ho holim'a metsi. Matheba hlaha 'me rea sisinyeha ka mose ho tiske letsatsi. Shebella mokhatlo oa sena, le litsebi tsa linaleli li etsa qeto ea hore naleli rona fellang ka a selekane lona. Ho tloha ka letsatsi ha e na tšehetso tiileng, libakeng tse sa tšoaneng potoloha ka lebelo fapaneng. Equator tluoa tabeng ea lesakaneng feletseng e ka bang ka 24 matsatsi a, ha ba chenchana Polar ka nka matsatsi a fetang 30 (ho etsa phetoho e khōlō).

ke eng photosphere?

The photosphere ke e boetse e le mohloli oa flares letsatsi: malakabe hore otlolla ba likete tse makholo ba lik'hilomithara tse ka holimo ho holim 'a letsatsi. flares Solar hlahisa eo mohloli oa X-ray, mahlaseli, mahlaseli a motlakase 'me maqhubu a seea-le-. Mohloli oa X-ray le mohlapo-le-moea e ka ho toba le Corona letsatsi.

ke eng chromosphere?

Area potolohileng photosphere, e leng khetla tsa ka ntle tsa Letsatsi, e bitsoang chromosphere. sebakeng moqotetsane arola moqhaka tloha chromosphere ena. Mocheso le chaba sharply sebakeng phetoho, ho tloha ho likhato likete tse 'maloa ka chromosphere ho fetang milione likhato in Corona ena. Chromosphere ntša bo bofubelu luminescence ke superheated ke combustion tsa hydrogen. Empa khubelu mopopotlong ka bonoa feela ka nako ya ho fifala e. Ka linako tse ling, leseli le tsoang chromosphere, ke hangata fokola haholo ho bona e khahlanong le semelo sa photosphere khanyang. ea lero la mali segokanyipalo oela ka potlako ho pholletsa le sebaka phetoho e tsamaea ho fihlela ho tloha chromosphere ho Corona ena.

ke eng Corona letsatsi? tlhaloso

Litsebi tsa linaleli li lula atlehe ho etsa lipatlisiso selotho botsitsoeng ke Corona letsatsi. Hona e emela eng?

Sena sepakapaka letsatsi kapa lera ka ntle. lebitso la sena ho ile ha fanoa ka lebaka la ponahalo ea hae e ba ho bonahalang eka ha ho na le ka kakaretso sa potoloho ea lipolanete ho fifala. The likaroloana tloha Corona ho otlolla hole sepakapakeng 'me, ha e le hantle, fihle orbit ea Lefatše. foromo e haholo-holo e behilweng ke tšimo a khoheli a. The dieleketerone lokolohile ka Corona re fallele hammoho mela tšimo ea masimo a khoheli a theha dibopeho tse ngata tse sa tšoaneng. Liforomo, tse hlokometse ka Corona holimo sunspots hangata e na le pere sebopeho, e leng hang hape e tiisa hore ba latela mela e tsa naha a khoheli a. Ho tswa ho litlhōrō tsa tsena "arches" streamers telele ka 'na ka ajoa le hōle bophara letsatsi kapa esita le ho feta e le haeba ba bang ba thulaganyou e o ikarola lintho tse bonahalang ho tswa ho litlhōrō tsa arches ka sebaka. Sena se akarelletsa ho moea ke letsatsi, tseo oela kantle ka setsi sa rōna sa potoloho ea lipolanete. Litsebi tsa linaleli li bitsa liketsahalo joalo "helmete streamers" ka lebaka la tšoana bona ho lihelmete le Gear aparoang ke Knights 'me a sebelisa tse ling tsa masole a Jeremane ho fihlela ka 1918

ke eng moqhaka?

Boitsebiso bo tsoang ho eo e entseng Corona ke letsatsi, e chesang haholo, e bopilweng ka ka lero la mali tenuous. Mocheso ka hare moqhaka fetang milione likhato, ho makatse hore ebe e phahameng haholo ho feta mocheso holim 'a Letsatsi, e leng ke ka 5500 ° C. Khatello le moqhaka segokanyipalo ka tlaase haholo ho feta ka sepakapakeng.

Boloka a manyenyane bonahalang tsa Corona letsatsi, e khanyang mohlapo mela ka wavelengths 'nile ha fumanoa hore ha le lumellane le thepa tsebahalang. Tabeng ena, litsebi tsa linaleli li hypothesized hore ho na le "moqhaka" e le khase ka sehloohong Corona ena. Mofuta oa 'nete oa ketsahalo ena e ile ea lula e le sephiri ho fihlela ba fumane hore likhase coronal overheated holimo 1.000.000 ° C. Ka ho ba teng ha likarolo jwalo phahameng mocheso tse peli ka sehloohong - hydrogen le helium - feletseng tingoa dieleketerone lona. thepa esita le tse sa reng letho tse kang k'habone, oksijene le ea naetrojene hlobolisa ho nuclei a se nang letho. Feela metsoako e boima (tšepe le k'halsiamo) ke khona ho tsoela pele ba bang ba dieleketerone bona tlas'a tšusumetso ea mocheso. Mahlaseli tsena likarolo haholo ionized eo theha mela spectral ho fihlela morao tjena o ile a lula enigmatic bakeng sa litsebi tsa linaleli ba pele.

Khanya le lintlha tse thahasellisang

Solar holim haholo e khanyang le e, ka busa, pono ea rōna e se e fumaneha e sepakapakeng sa potoloho ea lipolanete, le Corona ea letsatsi e boetse ke se bonahalang ho ka mahlo. Lera ka ntle ea sepakapaka ke otile haholo le ba fokolang, kahoo, ho ka bonoa feela ho tsoa Earth nakong ea ha e fifala kapa le khethehileng sebonela-hōle-coronagraph hore mimics fifala ha letsatsi, koahela se khanyang tiske chabile. Ba bang ba coronagraph sebelisa libonela-hōle fatše tse thehiloeng Bibeleng, ha ba bang ba tsoela pele ho satellitari.

Ho khanya ea Corona letsatsi ka X-ray e loketseng ho mocheso tsa bona tse ngata. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho photosphere letsatsi ntša hakaalo X-ray. E lumella u ho talima moqhaka oa tiske Letsatsi, ha re bona ho ka X-ray. Ho sebedisa optics khethehileng, e leng lumella u ho bona X-ray. Ka 70s mathoasong a lekholo la pele la US sebaka seteishene Skylab sebediswa X-ray sebonela-hōle, tseo ka tsona ka ho hlaka li neng li bonahala letsatsi Corona le matheba a letsatsi kapa masoba pele. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng ho 'nile ha a fuoa chelete e khōlō tsa tlhahisoleseding le litšoantšo ka Corona Letsatsi la. Ka thuso ea sathelaete Corona letsatsi fetoha ho feta ho fihlella ho hlokometsoeng le lecha le thahasellisang la Sun, libōpeho tsa eona le lintho tsa tlhaho le matla.

mocheso oa Letsatsi

Le hoja mohaho o le ka hare la ea mantlha letsatsi e se patiloe ho tloha hlokomela ka ho toba, ho ka qetella ka ho sebelisa dikai fapaneng hore mocheso lebetsoeng le ka hare naleli rona e ka bang limilione tse 16 likhato (Celsius). The photosphere - bokaholimo bo bonahalang ba letsatsi - o na le mocheso oa likhato tse ka bang 6000 Celsius, empa ho eketsa sharply haholo ho tloha ho likhato 6.000 ho likhato tse milione tse seng kae in Corona, haufi km 500 ka holimo photosphere ena.

Letsatsing le chesang ka hare ho feta ka ntle. Leha ho le joalo, sepakapaka se etsa hore ka ntle ea letsatsi, moqhaka ha e le hantle chesa haholo photosphere ena.

Qetellong ea thirties Grotrian (1939) le ho Edlen fumanoa hore e makatsang mela spectral hlokometse ka manyenyane ba Corona letsatsi, likarolo radiating, tse kang tšepe (Fe), khalsiamo (Ca) le nikele (Ni) ka mekhahlelo e phahameng haholo ionization. Ba fihletse qeto ea hore khase coronal heats ho fihlela ho ea mocheso tse fetang likhato tse limilione tse 1.

Potso ea ke hobane'ng ha Corona e jwalo e chesang, e sala e mong oa ka ho fetisisa lemalla puzzle lipapali linaleli lilemong tse 60 tse fetileng. Karabo unequivocal ea potso ena ke che.

Leha ho Corona letsatsi moholo chesang, e boetse e na le tlase haholo segokanyipalo. Kahoo, feela karolo e nyenyane ea kakaretso ea mahlaseli a kotsi a letsatsi e hlokehang ho recharge Corona. Le matla a palo yohle radiated ke X-ray, ke feela hoo e ka bang millionth tsa luminosity kakaretso ea letsatsi. Potso ea bohlokoa ke kamoo matla a isoa moqhaka, 'me seo mochine o ikarabella ho tsamaisa ya.

The mekgwa ya letsatsi matla Corona

fapaneng mekgwa maloa meqhaka phepelo di sisintsweng ho theosa le lilemo:

• Mexri maqhubu.

• Itingoe lijo 'me lieha magneto-mexri maqhubu Tel.

• Alfven maqhubu 'mele.

• Butle le ho itima lijo magneto-mexri holim'a maqhubu.

• Jwale (kapa a khoheli) - dissipation.

• The melapo ea likaroloana le ts'ebetsong a khoheli a.

mekgwa tsena di netefalitsoeng bobeli theoretically le experimentally, 'me ho fihlela joale, feela maqhubu mexri ne thoko.

Ha a ntse a e-s'o ile a ithuta, eo e qetella ka tekanyong e ka holimo ea moqhaka. Lefatše le lipolanete tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea letsatsi teng ka hare moqhaka. Optical mahlaseli tsa Corona e hlokometse ka 10-20 letsatsi radii (limilione tse mashome km) le e ho kopantswe le lipono tse makatsang tsa leseli zodiacal.

Matla a khoheli k'hapete letsatsi Corona

Morao tjena, ka "matla a khoheli k'hapete" e 'nile ba amahanngoa le puzzle ya futhumatsang coronal.

Lemohileng le phahameng tlhaloganya sebaka qeto bontša hore holim koahetsoeng ka letsatsi fokolang masimo a khoheli a ka tsepamisa maikutlo libakeng tse nyenyane tsa polarity bo fapaneng (a khoheli a k'hapete). Tsena tsa mahloriso a khoheli, ba nkoa e le lintlha tsa sehlooho tsa motho methapo a khoheli a ba jereng motlakase hona joale.

hlokometse'ng tsa morao tjena sena "a khoheli a k'hapete" bontša mokhoa thahasellisang: photospheric khoheli a sa khaotse a susumelletsa, kopana le mong ho e mong, 'me ba hasana ka ntle bakeng sa e khutsoanyane haholo nako e itseng. Matla a khoheli reconnection pakeng tsa matla a khoheli ea bo fapaneng polarity tšimo topology a ka fetoha 'me a lokolle eneji, le matla a khoheli. reconnection thulaganyou e hape ho tla etsa hore ho dissipation ya maqhubu a motlakase, e leng fetola eneji, le motlakase ka mocheso.

Ena maikutlo a akaretsang ea kamoo k'hapete a khoheli a ka 'na ba ameha ka futhumatsang coronal. Leha ho le joalo, ho bolela hore le "matla a khoheli k'hapete" qetellong etsa qeto coronal futhumatsang bothata e ke ke, e le mohlala ditirisanommogo ya tshebetso e-s'o lohothwang.

Ka letsatsi tima?

Tsamaiso ea letsatsi ke e le rarahaneng le unexplored hore lipolelo tse sensational tse kang: "Letsatsi le tla haufinyane tsoa," kapa, ho fapana le hoo, "letsatsi le chaba mocheso le haufinyane bophelo Lefatšeng ka ba ke ke ha khoneha" e utloahala bonyane kelello. Ke mang ea ka ho etsa tse boletsoeng esale pele joalo, a sa tsebe hantle seo mekgwa leng sesosa naleli ena ea mohlolo?!